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545971 | From theory to practice: improving the impact of health services research | Background While significant strides have been made in health research, the incorporation of research evidence into healthcare decision-making has been marginal. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of how the utility of health services research can be improved through the use of theory. Integrating theo... | Background While significant strides have been made in medical research over the past several decades, many research results considered important by researchers and expert committees are not being used by health care practitioners. While the value of health services research must be judged by its validity, its utility ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC545971.xml |
549185 | Global gene expression in neuroendocrine tumors from patients with the MEN1 syndrome | Background Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 1 (MEN1, OMIM 131100) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by endocrine tumors of the parathyroids, pancreatic islets and pituitary. The disease is caused by the functional loss of the tumor suppressor protein menin, coded by the MEN1 gene. The protein sequence ha... | Background Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 1 (MEN1, OMIM 131100) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by endocrine tumors of parathyroid, pancreatic islets and pituitary [ 1 ]. The prevalence of MEN1 is estimated to be 2–10 per 100,000 [ 2 ]. Based on loss of heterozygosity in tumors and Knudson's "two-hit... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC549185.xml |
517945 | The effects of moderate alcohol supplementation on estrone sulfate and DHEAS in postmenopausal women in a controlled feeding study | Background We have demonstrated that moderate alcohol consumption (15 g/d, 30 g/d) for 8 weeks resulted in significantly increased levels of serum estrone sulfate and DHEAS in 51 postmenopausal women in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. We now report on the relationships between serum estrone sulfate and dehydroe... | Background Epidemiological evidence consistently shows a positive association between alcohol, even low to moderate intake, and breast cancer risk [ 1 ]. However, during the past two decades, it has become evident that moderate drinking is associated with longer life [ 2 ], reduced rates of heart disease [ 3 ] and stro... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC517945.xml |
545965 | Health care restructuring and family physician care for those who died of cancer | Background During the 1990s, health care restructuring in Nova Scotia resulted in downsized hospitals, reduced inpatient length of stay, capped physician incomes and restricted practice locations. Concurrently, the provincial homecare program was redeveloped and out-of-hospital cancer deaths increased from 20% (1992) t... | Background Canadians have become increasingly vocal about the need for improved care for the dying. In response, the Special Senate Committee on Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide[ 1 ] declared that Canadian governments should make end-of-life care or palliative care a top priority in the restructuring of the health care ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC545965.xml |
545795 | Estimating genomic coexpression networks using first-order conditional independence | A computationally efficient statistical framework for estimating networks of coexpressed genes is presented that exploits first-order conditional independence relationships among gene expression measurements. | Background Analyses of functional genomic data such as gene-expression microarray measurements are subject to what has been called the 'curse of dimensionality'. That is, the number of variables of interest is very large (thousands to tens of thousands of genes), yet we have relatively few observations (typically tens ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC545795.xml |
548299 | Extracellular degradation of lipoprotein lipase in rat adipose tissue | Background Recent studies in vivo indicate that short-term regulation of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in rat adipose tissue is post-translational and occurs by a shift of the lipase protein towards an inactive form under the influence of another gene with short-lived message and product. It has not been possible to reprodu... | Background Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) hydrolyzes triglycerides in very low-density lipoproteins and chylomicrons [ 1 ]. Tissue-specific regulation of LPL activity is a major mechanism to distribute lipids among tissues according to the physiological needs [ 2 ]. Current information indicates that in adipose tissue, the r... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC548299.xml |
434150 | DNA Display III. Solid-Phase Organic Synthesis on Unprotected DNA | DNA-directed synthesis represents a powerful new tool for molecular discovery. Its ultimate utility, however, hinges upon the diversity of chemical reactions that can be executed in the presence of unprotected DNA. We present a solid-phase reaction format that makes possible the use of standard organic reaction conditi... | Introduction A number of strategies have been proposed recently to enable the in vitro selection and evolution of chemical libraries ( Harbury and Halpin 2000 ; Gartner and Liu 2001 ). These new approaches to molecular discovery rely upon DNA-directed synthesis, whereby a physical linkage is established between DNA “ge... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC434150.xml |
549187 | Correlation of breast cancer risk factors with HER-2/neu protein overexpression according to menopausal and estrogen receptor status | Background Several researchers have claimed that classification of tumours on the basis of HER-2/ neu overexpression or amplification may define a subset of breast cancer in which the net effect of a risk factor could be rather more obvious and its impact on breast cancer development more clear. We decided to investiga... | Background The HER-2/ neu oncogene, also known as c-erb-B2, c- neu or ERBB2, is located in chromosome 17q11.2-12, encoding an EGFR-family like glycoprotein [ 1 ]. Its amplification, which is strongly correlated with protein overexpression, occurs in about 15–43% of breast tumours [ 1 - 10 ]. The observation that morpho... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC549187.xml |
549193 | The progressive nature of Wallerian degeneration in wild-type and slow Wallerian degeneration (WldS) nerves | Background The progressive nature of Wallerian degeneration has long been controversial. Conflicting reports that distal stumps of injured axons degenerate anterogradely, retrogradely, or simultaneously are based on statistical observations at discontinuous locations within the nerve, without observing any single axon ... | Background Wallerian degeneration, the characteristic degeneration sequence of nerve fibres separated from their cell bodies, was described by Waller in 1850 [ 1 , 2 ]. Following various forms of axon injury this rapid degeneration process begins with degradation of axoplasm and axolemma accompanied by development of a... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC549193.xml |
545797 | The ASRG database: identification and survey of Arabidopsis thaliana genes involved in pre-mRNA splicing | The database of Arabidopsis splicing related genes includes classification of genes encoding snRNAs and other splicing related proteins, together with information on gene structure, alternative splicing, gene duplications and phylogenetic relationships. | Rationale Most eukaryotic genes contain introns that are spliced from the precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA). The correct interpretation of splicing signals is essential to generate authentic mature mRNAs that yield correct translation products. As an important post-transcriptional mechanism, gene function can be controlled at ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC545797.xml |
545781 | Reconstruction of regulatory and metabolic pathways in metal-reducing δ-proteobacteria | A study of the genetic and regulatory factors in several biosynthesis, metal ion homeostasis, stress response, and energy metabolism pathways suggests that phylogenetically diverse δ-proteobacteria have homologous regulatory components. | Background The delta subdivision of proteobacteria is a very diverse group of Gram-negative microorganisms that include aerobic genera Myxococcus with complex developmental lifestyles and Bdellovibrio , which prey on other bacteria [ 1 ]. In this study, we focus on anaerobic metal-reducing δ-proteobacteria, seven repre... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC545781.xml |
350672 | Small RNA Pathways in Plants | xx | Since small RNA molecules were discovered just over ten years ago, it's become clear that these once overlooked bits of genetic material play a decidedly large role in controlling gene expression. Though typically just 21 to 24 nucleotides long, small RNAs regulate a diverse array of cellular processes, from developmen... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC350672.xml |
534811 | Using Biology to Create Complex Patterns | null | In his seminal exploration of the properties of living organisms, What Is Life? , Erwin Schroedinger concluded that life depends in large part on storing and processing information. For genetic material to carry the diverse instructions required for living processes, he proposed, it must be stored in an aperiodic cryst... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC534811.xml |
548272 | What do hospital decision-makers in Ontario, Canada, have to say about the fairness of priority setting in their institutions? | Background Priority setting, also known as rationing or resource allocation, occurs at all levels of every health care system. Daniels and Sabin have proposed a framework for priority setting in health care institutions called 'accountability for reasonableness', which links priority setting to theories of democratic d... | Background Priority setting, also known as rationing or resource allocation, occurs at all levels of every health care system, including governments, funded provincial/territorial agencies, pharmaceutical benefit-management organizations, hospitals and clinical programs [ 1 ]. Countries with very different health care ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC548272.xml |
548514 | Relevance of tissue Doppler in the quantification of stress echocardiography for the detection of myocardial ischemia in clinical practice | In the present article we review the main published data on the application of Tissue Doppler Imaging (TDI) to stress echocardiography for the detection of myocardial ischemia. TDI has been applied to stress echocardiography in order to overcome the limitations of visual analysis for myocardial ischemia. The introducti... | Pharmacologic stress echocardiography is an established cost-effective technique for the detection of coronary artery disease [ 1 ]. The widespread use in the clinical practice has become possible only after evidence collected through large scale multicenter studies that demonstrated its feasibility, safety, diagnostic... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC548514.xml |
539306 | GPs' decisions on drug treatment for patients with high cholesterol values: A think-aloud study | Background The purpose was to examine how General Practitioners (GPs) use clinical information and rules from guidelines in their decisions on drug treatment for high cholesterol values. Methods Twenty GPs were presented with six case vignettes and were instructed to think aloud while successively more information abou... | Background The medical decision examined in our study is whether or not to initiate drug treatment for high cholesterol values. The topic has been the focus of much debate on the grounds that the proportion of individuals with elevated cholesterol values is high in most Western populations, and that the costs for treat... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC539306.xml |
555551 | Increased daily physical activity and fatigue symptoms in chronic fatigue syndrome | Individuals with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) have been shown to have reduced activity levels associated with heightened feelings of fatigue. Previous research has demonstrated that exercise training has beneficial effects on fatigue-related symptoms in individuals with CFS. Purpose The aim of this study was to susta... | Introduction Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is characterized by persistent debilitating fatigue often accompanied by a complex of other symptoms (e.g., impaired memory, sore throat, post-exertional fatigue, aching and stiffness in muscles) lasting at least six months that is unresolved with rest or medication [ 1 , 2 ]... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC555551.xml |
514525 | Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography compared to unenhanced CT for stone and obstruction in patients with renal failure | Background To determine accuracy of ultrasound (US) kidney, ureter and bladder (KUB) compared to un-enhanced helical CT (UHCT) in patients with renal failure in the diagnosis of stone and obstruction. Methods This is a case controlled study conducted in the period from June 2000 to July 2003 at a university hospital. A... | Background Intravenous urography (IVU) has been the gold standard for the radiological survey of intra renal collecting system, ureter and bladder. Choice of imaging for urinary tract in patients with raised serum creatinine is limited to non-contrast enhanced studies. These considerations have led to the use of other ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC514525.xml |
534805 | High sensitivity 1H-NMR spectroscopy of homeopathic remedies made in water | Background The efficacy of homeopathy is controversial. Homeopathic remedies are made via iterated shaking and dilution, in ethanol or in water, from a starting substance. Remedies of potency 12 C or higher are ultra-dilute (UD), i.e. contain zero molecules of the starting material. Various hypotheses have been advance... | Background The mechanism of action of homeopathic remedies has baffled practitioners and scientists for two centuries. A widely accepted premise of those doing research in this field is that if remedies are more than placebos, then the process of making remedies by alternating dilution and succussion must alter the sol... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC534805.xml |
555579 | Witch-hunt | Beginning two years ago, the US Dept of Health and Human Services began "special reviews" of all current research grants that involved harm reduction, sex and drugs, and continues its ban on funding of needle exchange. With Bush's second term, the campaign was extended to all US funded international programs that dealt... | "This is a sharp time, now, a precise time - we live no longer in the dusky afternoon when evil mixed itself with good and befuddled the world. Now, by God's grace, the shining sun is up, and them that fear not light will surely praise it." Arthur Miller, The Crucible, Act III "I do not believe that the meaning of our ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC555579.xml |
555545 | Antibiotic activity of telithromycin and comparators against bacterial pathogens isolated from 3,043 patients with acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis | Background Antimicrobial therapy is considered an important component in the medical management of most patients with acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis (AECB). The three predominant bacterial species isolated are nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae , Moraxella catarrhalis , and Streptococcus pneumoniae . Staphylo... | Introduction The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide. In the year 2000, it was estimated that 2.74 million people died from COPD worldwide [ 1 ]. COPD is defined by the presence of irreversible or partially irreversib... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC555545.xml |
548266 | Risk adjustment methods for Home Care Quality Indicators (HCQIs) based on the minimum data set for home care | Background There has been increasing interest in enhancing accountability in health care. As such, several methods have been developed to compare the quality of home care services. These comparisons can be problematic if client populations vary across providers and no adjustment is made to account for these differences... | Background In both Canada and the United States efforts are underway to develop systems to assess the quality of health care as a first step to improving services. In the US nursing home sector, the implementation of the Minimum Data Set has been linked to improvements in quality of care [ 1 - 4 ]. Recently, the Center... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC548266.xml |
423160 | Combining Measures to Characterize Subcellular Machinery | null | Understanding how the cell functions—or breaks down—implies an understanding of the assembly lines, transportation systems, and powerhouses that keep it running. Global approaches are needed to identify the numerous proteins essential to each cellular machine. But which techniques are best? Lars Steinmetz and colleague... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC423160.xml |
543455 | Unpacking analyses relying on area-based data: are the assumptions supportable? | Background In the absence in the major Australian administrative health record collections of a direct measure of the socioeconomic status of the individual about whom the event is recorded, analysis of the association between the health status, use of health services and socioeconomic status of the population relies a... | Background The majority of work in Australia describing the association between the health status, use of health services and socioeconomic status of the population uses an area-based measure of socioeconomic status. It is necessary to use a proxy measure (the socioeconomic status of the population in the area) because... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC543455.xml |
519029 | Glucose-stimulated insulin response in pregnant sheep following acute suppression of plasma non-esterified fatty acid concentrations | Background Elevated non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) concentrations in non-pregnant animals have been reported to decrease pancreatic responsiveness. As ovine gestation advances, maternal insulin concentrations fall and NEFA concentrations increase. Experiments were designed to examine if the pregnancy-associated rise... | Background To meet the increasing fetal demands and maternal energy requirements of pregnancy, alterations in the partitioning and utilization of maternal nutrients must occur. These adaptations are regulated by changing blood concentrations of regulatory metabolites and hormones, together with changes in target tissue... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC519029.xml |
212694 | Microarray Analysis | Microarrays can survey genome-wide expression patterns. Not only can these gene expression profiles be used to identify a few genes of interest, they are now being creatively applied for hypothesis generation and testing | Microarrays are used to survey the expression of thousands of genes in a single experiment. Applied creatively, they can be used to test as well as generate new hypotheses. As the technology becomes more accessible, microarray analysis is finding applications in diverse areas of biology. Microarrays are simply a method... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC212694.xml |
535702 | Sleep Duration Affects Appetite-Regulating Hormones | null | Some of us, when awake in the middle of the night, feel an urge to visit the kitchen. This could explain results of previous studies that have shown a link between short sleep duration and high body mass index (BMI). But a study by Emmanuel Mignot and colleagues suggests that it's not just the additional snacking oppor... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC535702.xml |
514531 | The AMC Linear Disability Score project in a population requiring residential care: psychometric properties | Background Currently there is a lot of interest in the flexible framework offered by item banks for measuring patient relevant outcomes, including functional status. However, there are few item banks, which have been developed to quantify functional status, as expressed by the ability to perform activities of daily lif... | Background It is now widely accepted that examining quality of life is an important aspect in the treatment and evaluation of many conditions. Functional status is seen as an important determinant of quality of life. A wide variety of instruments have been developed to quantify functional status [ 1 ]. These instrument... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC514531.xml |
554101 | Central neuropeptide Y receptors are involved in 3rd ventricular ghrelin induced alteration of colonic transit time in conscious fed rats | Background Feeding related peptides have been shown to be additionally involved in the central autonomic control of gastrointestinal functions. Recent studies have shown that ghrelin, a stomach-derived orexigenic peptide, is involved in the autonomic regulation of GI function besides feeding behavior. Pharmacological e... | Background The presence or absence of food in the gut stimulates the release of several regulatory peptides. These orexigenic (NPY, AGRP, ghrelin, MCH, Orexin-A, ...) and anorexigenic (CRF, CCK, CART, GLP-1, leptin, insulin, ...) peptides participating in the hypothalamic control of feeding behavior and satiety have be... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC554101.xml |
554115 | Oral vitamin B12 therapy in the primary care setting: a qualitative and quantitative study of patient perspectives | Background Although oral replacement with high doses of vitamin B 12 is both effective and safe for the treatment of B 12 deficiency, little is known about patients' views concerning the acceptability and effectiveness of oral B 12 . We investigated patient perspectives on switching from injection to oral B 12 therapy.... | Background Intramuscular injections of vitamin B 12 (cobalamin) have been the mainstay of B 12 deficiency treatment for decades. However, because approximately 1% of orally ingested B 12 is absorbed via simple diffusion throughout the gastrointestinal tract (i.e., independently of intrinsic factor)[ 1 , 2 ], oral repla... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC554115.xml |
544851 | An empirical analysis of training protocols for probabilistic gene finders | Background Generalized hidden Markov models (GHMMs) appear to be approaching acceptance as a de facto standard for state-of-the-art ab initio gene finding, as evidenced by the recent proliferation of GHMM implementations. While prevailing methods for modeling and parsing genes using GHMMs have been described in the lit... | Background The number of generalized hidden Markov model (GHMM) gene finders reported in the literature has increased fairly dramatically of late [ 1 - 8 ], and the community is now contemplating various ways to extend this attractive framework in order to incorporate homology information, with a handful of such system... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544851.xml |
543469 | Validity of the AusTOM scales: A comparison of the AusTOMs and EuroQol-5D | Background Clinicians require brief outcome measures in their busy daily practice to document global client outcomes. Based on the UK Therapy Outcome Measure, the Australian Therapy Outcome Measures were designed to capture global therapy outcomes of occupational therapy, physiotherapy and speech pathology in the Austr... | Background The costs of operating public health services in Australia are rapidly rising. Health administrators and practitioners are under pressure to document client outcomes and demonstrate the effectiveness of therapy interventions [ 1 - 3 ]. Increasingly, the allied health professions have come to see the need for... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC543469.xml |
529459 | Multimodal pressure-flow method to assess dynamics of cerebral autoregulation in stroke and hypertension | Background This study evaluated the effects of stroke on regulation of cerebral blood flow in response to fluctuations in systemic blood pressure (BP). The autoregulatory dynamics are difficult to assess because of the nonstationarity and nonlinearity of the component signals. Methods We studied 15 normotensive, 20 hyp... | Background Noninvasive assessment of cerebral vasoregulation is a major challenge in medical diagnostics and post-stroke care. Dynamic autoregulatory mechanisms adapt cerebral perfusion to spontaneous variations in intracranial and systemic pressure within a few heartbeats. Decline of cerebral blood flow that occurs wi... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC529459.xml |
555948 | Time trends in the impact factor of Public Health journals | Background Journal impact factor (IF) is linked to the probability of a paper being cited and is progressively becoming incorporated into researchers' curricula vitae . Furthermore, the decision as to which journal a given study should be submitted, may well be based on the trend in the journal's overall quality. This ... | Background Scientific journal impact factor (IF) is directly linked to the probability of a paper being cited. It is currently accepted that a higher IF indicates a better journal quality, existing a correlation among IF and quality indicators at least in some health disciplines [ 1 ]. As a result these indices are pro... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC555948.xml |
529465 | Results of a planned interim toxicity analysis with trimodality therapy, including carboplatin AUC = 4, paclitaxel, 5-fluorouracil, amifostine, and radiation for locally advanced esophageal cancer: preliminary analyses and treatment recommendations from the North Central Cancer Treatment Group | Purpose An aggressive trimodality approach from the Minnie Pearl Cancer Research Network [carboplatin AUC = 6, days 1 and 22; 5-fluorouracil 225 mg/m2 continuous infusion, days 1–42, paclitaxel 200 mg/m2, days 1 and 22; 45 Gy] has resulted in remarkable pathologic response rates but notable toxicity. This trial was des... | Combined modality treatment is often administered for locally advanced esophageal cancer [ 1 , 2 ]. Particularly noteworthy are data from Meluch and others from the Minnie Pearl Cancer Research Network [ 3 ]. These investigators published an innovative trial that examined neoadjuvant therapy that consisted of the follo... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC529465.xml |
423148 | Deconstructing Brain Waves: Background, Cue, and Response | null | Light waves from an awaited signal—a white circle—arrive at the subject's eye; within a fraction of a second, the subject's thumb presses a button. Between eye and thumb lies the central nervous system, its feats of perception, integration, and response largely opaque to scientific scrutiny. Imaging techniques like mag... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC423148.xml |
519001 | EGF Signal Propagation during C. elegans Vulval Development Mediated by ROM-1 Rhomboid | During Caenorhabditis elegans vulval development, the anchor cell (AC) in the somatic gonad secretes an epidermal growth factor (EGF) to activate the EGF receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway in the adjacent vulval precursor cells (VPCs). The inductive AC signal specifies the vulval fates of the three proximal VPCs P5.p, P... | Introduction Intercellular signaling pathways control many diverse processes, such as cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, migration, shape changes, and responses to the environment. In most instances, the release of the signaling molecules by the signal-sending cells constitutes a rate-limiting step that det... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC519001.xml |
529303 | Early detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa – comparison of conventional versus molecular (PCR) detection directly from adult patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) | Background Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is the most important bacterial pathogen in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Currently, routine bacteriological culture on selective/non- selective culture media is the cornerstone of microbiological detection. The aim of this study was to compare isolation rates of PA... | Introduction Cystic fibrosis [CF] is the most commonly inherited fatal disease in persons originating from a white and European background, currently affecting approximately 30,000 adults and children in the US [ 1 ]. The defective gene carrying the mutation is carried in one in every 31 Americans [one in 28 Caucasians... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC529303.xml |
524169 | Is autoinducer-2 a universal signal for interspecies communication: a comparative genomic and phylogenetic analysis of the synthesis and signal transduction pathways | Background Quorum sensing is a process of bacterial cell-to-cell communication involving the production and detection of extracellular signaling molecules called autoinducers. Recently, it has been proposed that autoinducer-2 (AI-2), a furanosyl borate diester derived from the recycling of S-adenosyl-homocysteine (SAH)... | Background Quorum sensing through small signal molecules called autoinducers is an important process for the regulation of population density dependent cellular processes in bacteria, including the production of antibiotics and virulence factors, conjugation, transformation, swarming behaviour and biofilm formation [ 1... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC524169.xml |
555960 | Human macrophages limit oxidation products in low density lipoprotein | This study tested the hypothesis that human macrophages have the ability to modify oxidation products in LDL and oxidized LDL (oxLDL) via a cellular antioxidant defence system. While many studies have focused on macrophage LDL oxidation in atherosclerosis development, less attention has been given to the cellular antio... | Introduction Oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein (LDL) plays a major role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The first stage of atherogenesis is characterized by an influx and accumulation of LDL in the intima, followed by recruitment of blood-derived monocytes and lymphocytes to the developing lesio... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC555960.xml |
544845 | Nitrosative stress induces DNA strand breaks but not caspase mediated apoptosis in a lung cancer cell line | Background Key steps crucial to the process of tumor progression are genomic instability and escape from apoptosis. Nitric oxide and its interrelated reactive intermediates (collectively denoted as NO X ) have been implicated in DNA damage and mutational events leading to cancer development, while also being implicated... | Background Nitric oxide (NO • ) is a ubiquitous nitrogen radical species that has been found to exert protean influences on physiologic and pathophysiologic processes in a wide variety of organ systems. Vastly increasing the functional consequences of NO • production is its interrelationship between the nitroxyl anion ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544845.xml |
526756 | Improved hit criteria for DNA local alignment | Background The hit criterion is a key component of heuristic local alignment algorithms. It specifies a class of patterns assumed to witness a potential similarity, and this choice is decisive for the selectivity and sensitivity of the whole method. Results In this paper, we propose two ways to improve the hit criterio... | Background Sequence alignment is a fundamental problem in Bioinformatics. Despite of a big amount of efforts spent by researchers on designing efficient alignment methods, improving the alignment efficiency remains of primary importance. This is due to the continuously increasing amount of nucleotide sequence data, suc... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC526756.xml |
529471 | Hospitalization for heart disease, stroke, and diabetes mellitus among Indian-born persons: a small area analysis | Background We set out to describe the risk of hospitalization from heart disease, stroke, and diabetes among persons born in India, all foreign-born persons, and U.S.-born persons residing in New York City. Methods We examined billing records of 1,083,817 persons hospitalized in New York City during the year 2000. The ... | Background Immigrant populations in industrialized nations are on average healthier than their native-born counterparts [ 1 ]. However, there is considerable debate surrounding the risk of ischemic heart disease and other related vascular and metabolic conditions among South Asian Indians, both within India and in the ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC529471.xml |
545597 | Complete genome sequence of the industrial bacterium Bacillus licheniformis and comparisons with closely related Bacillus species | The complete sequence of the Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 14580 genome was determined, revealing 4,208 predicted protein-coding genes, 7 rRNA operons and 72 tRNA genes. | Background Bacillus licheniformis is a Gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium widely distributed as a saprophytic organism in the environment. This species is a close relative of Bacillus subtilis , an organism that is second only to Escherichia coli in the level of detail at which it has been studied. Unlike most othe... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC545597.xml |
516440 | Flagellin acting via TLR5 is the major activator of key signaling pathways leading to NF-κB and proinflammatory gene program activation in intestinal epithelial cells | Background Infection of intestinal epithelial cells by pathogenic Salmonella leads to activation of signaling cascades that ultimately initiate the proinflammatory gene program. The transcription factor NF-κB is a key regulator/activator of this gene program and is potently activated. We explored the mechanism by which... | Background Intestinal epithelial cells serve as a barrier between the luminal microflora and the body and as such are perfectly positioned to monitor the approach/invasion of pathogens. These intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) serve as innate immune sentinels and monitor their environment and constantly give out innate... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC516440.xml |
544886 | Is DRE essential for the follow up of prostate cancer patients? A prospective audit of 194 patients | Background Prostate cancer follow up forms a substantial part of the urology outpatient workload. Nurse led prostate cancer follow up clinics are becoming more common. Routine follow-up may involve performing DRE, which may require training. Objectives The aim of this audit was to assess the factors that influenced the... | Introduction Prostate cancer ranks first amongst all male urological cancers [ 1 ]. In the UK, 26027 new patients were diagnosed with prostate cancer during 2001 [ 1 ]. The evidence suggests an increasing trend in the incidence in the recent years, being 18201 in 1997 [ 2 ]. Nonetheless, better treatment modalities and... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544886.xml |
544892 | Strategies to prevent HIV transmission among heterosexual African-American men | Background As part of qualitative research for developing a culturally sensitive and developmentally appropriate videotape-based HIV prevention intervention for heterosexual African- American men, six focus groups were conducted with thirty African-American men to determine their perceptions of AIDS as a threat to the ... | Background The HIV/AIDS epidemic continues to be a major public health challenge in the African-American community. Although African Americans constitute only 13% of the United States population, they have accounted for 39% of all the 886,000 estimated AIDS cases that have been diagnosed since the epidemic began in 198... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544892.xml |
523835 | How Should the Health Community Respond to Violent Political Conflict? | Violent political conflict is on the front pages, in Iraq, Afghanistan, and Sudan. This provocative piece discusses lessons we can learn from past conflicts in dealing with future ones | Violent political conflict, and its impact, is again on the front pages—in Iraq, Afghanistan, and Sudan. While the situation in Darfur is now particularly urgent (see sidebar) [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ], there are many other settings in which complex political emergencies are undermining health service provision and threate... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC523835.xml |
555747 | Differences between men with screening-detected versus clinically diagnosed prostate cancers in the USA | Background The advent of prostate specific antigen (PSA) testing in the United States of America (USA) has led to a dramatic increase in the incidence of prostate cancer in the United States as well as the number of men undergoing aggressive treatment with radical prostatectomy and radiation therapy. We compared patien... | Background Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing was introduced in the United States of America (USA) in the late 1980s with Federal Drug Administration (FDA) approval for prostate cancer surveillance [ 1 ]. However, the test indications were soon expanded to include prostate cancer screening. By the early 1990s, the... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC555747.xml |
528784 | Germinating fission yeast spores delay in G1 in response to UV irradiation | Background Checkpoint mechanisms prevent cell cycle transitions until previous events have been completed or damaged DNA has been repaired. In fission yeast, checkpoint mechanisms are known to regulate entry into mitosis, but so far no checkpoint inhibiting S phase entry has been identified. Results We have studied the... | Background Checkpoint mechanisms are important for cell survival and genetic stability. They prevent cell cycle transitions until previous events have been completed or damaged DNA has been repaired [ 1 ]. Checkpoint pathways and proteins are evolutionarily conserved from yeast to man, underlining their importance in m... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC528784.xml |
551535 | Polarized monocyte response to cytokine stimulation | A comprehensive study of the transcriptional response of mononuclear phagocytes to cytokines reveals distinct classes of cytokines that elicit either the classical or alternative pathway of monocyte activation. | Background Resident and recruited mononuclear phagocytes (MPs) display a versatile phenotype that reflects the plasticity of these cells in response to microenvironmental signals. This heterogeneity spans a continuous spectrum that can be polarized into two extremes recently described by Mantovani et al . [ 1 ]. Pathog... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC551535.xml |
535931 | Social Phobia in an Italian region: do Italian studies show lower frequencies than community surveys conducted in other European countries? | Background The lifetime prevalence of Social Phobia (SP) in European countries other than Italy has been estimated to range from 3.5% to 16.0%. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of SP in Sardinia (Italy) in order to verify the evidence of a lower frequency of SP in Italy observed in previous studies (fr... | Background Several epidemiological studies have attempted to describe the prevalence, socio-demographic characteristics, comorbidity, and severity of clinical manifestations of Social Phobia (SP). Quality of life and functional status of affected individuals have also been investigated [ 1 ]. Lifetime prevalence of SP ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC535931.xml |
544931 | Why Bad Boys Always Get the Girl and Other Tales of Evolutionary Madness | null | Biologists studying the evolution of mate choice have their work cut out for them. Not only is there little agreement on how best to determine the interplay between mate choice and fitness, there's not even consensus on how to estimate fitness. (Fitness being an individual's success in passing their genes on to future ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544931.xml |
524182 | Utilization of a ts-sacB selection system for the generation of a Mycobacterium avium serovar-8 specific glycopeptidolipid allelic exchange mutant | Background Mycobacterium avium are ubiquitous environmental organisms and a cause of disseminated infection in patients with end-stage AIDS. The glycopeptidolipids (GPL) of M. avium are proposed to participate in the pathogenesis of this organism, however, establishment of a clear role for GPL in disease production has... | Background Mycobacterium avium is a frequent cause of disseminated infection among patients with end-stage AIDS [ 9 , 11 , 19 ]. M. avium can also present with a similar spectrum of pulmonary and extra pulmonary syndromes as Mycobacterium tuberculosis [ 27 ] including the establishment of latent infection that can reac... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC524182.xml |
524035 | Journal of Experimental & Clinical Assisted Reproduction: shaping the future of research and practice in reproductive endocrinology/infertility | Journal of Experimental & Clinical Assisted Reproduction is an open access, online, peer-review journal publishing papers on all aspects of research into reproductive endocrinology, infertility, bioethics and the advanced reproductive technologies. The journal reports on important developments impacting the field of hu... | Introduction In early 2002, planning for Journal of Experimental & Clinical Assisted Reproduction began in Atlanta after discussions with London-based publisher BioMed Central to develop a new electronic peer-reviewed journal reporting on the rapidly growing field of reproductive endocrinology and infertility. Working ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC524035.xml |
526781 | Exploiting Thiol Modifications | Molecular oxygen may be necessary for life but with its beneficial properties comes formation of potentially toxic reactive oxygen species. One of the ways in which bacteria protect themselves is explained | As the premier biological electron acceptor, molecular oxygen (O 2 ) serves a vital role in fundamental cellular functions, including the process of aerobic respiration. Nevertheless, with the beneficial properties of O 2 comes the inadvertent formation of reactive oxygen species, including superoxide (O − 2 ), hydroge... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC526781.xml |
529317 | Lmo Mutants Reveal a Novel Role for Circadian Pacemaker Neurons in Cocaine-Induced Behaviors | Drosophila has been developed recently as a model system to investigate the molecular and neural mechanisms underlying responses to drugs of abuse. Genetic screens for mutants with altered drug-induced behaviors thus provide an unbiased approach to define novel molecules involved in the process. We identified mutations... | Introduction Cocaine, a naturally occurring plant alkaloid, is the prototype addictive psychomotor stimulant. It elicits a variety of acute behavioral changes ranging from mood elevation, disinhibition, and motor activation at low doses to compulsive stereotypies and psychosis at higher doses ( Gawin 1991 ). Long-term ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC529317.xml |
539064 | The Evolution of Self-Fertile Hermaphroditism: The Fog Is Clearing | null | The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is a little less lonely than the rest of us—it is a self-fertile hermaphrodite, which as a larva makes and stores sperm before switching to egg production for the remainder of its lifespan. ( C. elegans also maintains some males at a low frequency, about 1 in 500, and the hermaphrodi... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC539064.xml |
544879 | Polymorphic segmental duplications at 8p23.1 challenge the determination of individual defensin gene repertoires and the assembly of a contiguous human reference sequence | Background Defensins are important components of innate immunity to combat bacterial and viral infections, and can even elicit antitumor responses. Clusters of defensin (DEF) genes are located in a 2 Mb range of the human chromosome 8p23.1. This DEF locus, however, represents one of the regions in the euchromatic part ... | Background Despite the tremendous efforts and successful completion of the Human Genome Project by April 14 th 2003, a set of recalcitrant gaps remain in the euchromatic part of the final human genome sequence. One obvious reason for these gaps is that the appropriate regions are enriched in sequences that are not tole... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544879.xml |
549583 | The Courage to Change the Rules: A Proposal for an Essential Health R&D Treaty | The medical needs of many of the world's population go unmet. A new treaty on essential health R&D could provide a binding framework to redirect today's scientific expertise to priority needs | Biomedical science and technology are developing at a more rapid pace than ever. Investments in health research and development (R&D) have never been higher—global spending on health research increased from US$30 billion in 1990 to US$105.9 billion in 2001. But despite advances in technology and unparalleled research s... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC549583.xml |
539058 | Transcription-Based Prediction of Response to IFNβ Using Supervised Computational Methods | Changes in cellular functions in response to drug therapy are mediated by specific transcriptional profiles resulting from the induction or repression in the activity of a number of genes, thereby modifying the preexisting gene activity pattern of the drug-targeted cell(s). Recombinant human interferon beta (rIFNβ) is ... | Introduction Interferons are small, inducible proteins secreted by nucleated cells in response to viral infection and other stimuli. They act in a paracrine fashion on other cells in their immediate vicinity, triggering a state of growth arrest, so that infected cells cannot be forced to produce viral proteins, and act... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC539058.xml |
555753 | Gene expression signature of estrogen receptor α status in breast cancer | Background Estrogens are known to regulate the proliferation of breast cancer cells and to modify their phenotypic properties. Identification of estrogen-regulated genes in human breast tumors is an essential step toward understanding the molecular mechanisms of estrogen action in cancer. To this end we generated and c... | Background Estrogen plays essential roles in the development, growth control and differentiation of the normal mammary gland. However, it is well documented that endogenous estrogens are powerful mitogens critical for the initiation and progression of human breast and gynecological cancers [ 1 ]. This cell proliferatio... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC555753.xml |
521171 | Sensitivity to Oxidative Stress in DJ-1-Deficient Dopamine Neurons: An ES- Derived Cell Model of Primary Parkinsonism | The hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD) is the selective loss of dopamine neurons in the ventral midbrain. Although the cause of neurodegeneration in PD is unknown, a Mendelian inheritance pattern is observed in rare cases, indicating a genetic factor. Furthermore, pathological analyses of PD substantia nigra have cor... | Introduction Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by rigidity, slowed movement, gait difficulty, and tremor at rest ( Dauer and Przedborski 2003 ). The pathological hallmark of PD is the relatively selective loss of dopamine neurons (DNs) in the substantia nigra pars compac... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC521171.xml |
535892 | Odontogenic tumors in Nigerian children and adolescents- a retrospective study of 92 cases | Background Tumours arising from odontogenic tissues are rare and constitute a heterogenous group of interesting lesions. The aim of this study was to determine the relative frequency of odontogenic tumors (OT) among Nigerian children and adolescents 19 years or younger. Patients and methods The histopathology records w... | Background Tumors and tumor-like growths arising from the odontogenic tissues constitute a heterogenous group of particularly interesting lesions, as they display the various inductive interactions that normally occur among the embryologic components of the developing tooth germ [ 1 ]. In humans, tumors of odontogenic ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC535892.xml |
176547 | Borneo Elephants: A High Priority for Conservation | null | A new study settles a long-standing dispute about the genesis of an endangered species. With scant fossil evidence supporting a prehistoric presence, scientists could not say for sure where Borneo's elephants came from. Did they descend from ancient prototypes of the Pleistocene era or from modern relatives introduced ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC176547.xml |
529263 | Traumatic-event headaches | Background Chronic headaches from head trauma and whiplash injury are well-known and common, but chronic headaches from other sorts of physical traumas are not recognized. Methods Specific information was obtained from the medical records of 15 consecutive patients with chronic headaches related to physically injurious... | Background Chronic headaches from head trauma [ 1 - 4 ] and whiplash injury [ 5 - 8 ] are well-known and common. Together with their accompanying symptoms they are usually referred to as "postconcussive (or post-traumatic) syndrome" and "whiplash syndrome," respectively. Chronic headaches from other sorts of physical t... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC529263.xml |
548138 | Sister Joseph's nodule in a liver transplant recipient: Case report and mini-review of literature | Background Umbilical metastasis is one of the main characteristic signs of extensive neoplastic disease and is universally referred to as Sister Mary Joseph's nodule. Case presentation A 59-years-old Caucasian female underwent liver transplant for end stage liver disease due to hepatitis C with whole graft from cadaver... | Background Metastases to the umbilicus are universally referred to as Sister Joseph's (or Sister Mary Joseph's) nodule. Etiology is related to the presence of primary malignant disease in the abdominal cavity or occasionally in the chest and/or breast [ 1 - 5 ]. Historically, Sister Mary Joseph (1856–1939) was a surgic... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC548138.xml |
535925 | Evolutionary relationships of Fusobacterium nucleatum based on phylogenetic analysis and comparative genomics | Background The phylogenetic position and evolutionary relationships of Fusobacteria remain uncertain. Especially intriguing is their relatedness to low G+C Gram positive bacteria (Firmicutes) by ribosomal molecular phylogenies, but their possession of a typical gram negative outer membrane. Taking advantage of the rece... | Background The genus Fusobacterium , together with some close relatives such as Leptotrichia , forms an ecologically and physiologically coherent group [ 1 ]. They seem to be inhabitants of the mammal gastrointestinal tract probably specialized in the oral cavity. Specifically, they are components of the dental plaque,... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC535925.xml |
526178 | Widespread A-to-I RNA Editing of Alu-Containing mRNAs in the Human Transcriptome | RNA editing by adenosine deamination generates RNA and protein diversity through the posttranscriptional modification of single nucleotides in RNA sequences. Few mammalian A-to-I edited genes have been identified despite evidence that many more should exist. Here we identify intramolecular pairs of Alu elements as a ma... | Introduction On the molecular level, the complexity of higher organisms is based on the number of different gene products available for structural, enzymatic, and regulatory functions. Posttranscriptional and/or posttranslational mechanisms have an important role in generating RNA and protein diversity ( Baltimore 2001... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC526178.xml |
549597 | Designing Equitable Antiretroviral Allocation Strategies in Resource-Constrained Countries | Background Recently, a global commitment has been made to expand access to antiretrovirals (ARVs) in the developing world. However, in many resource-constrained countries the number of individuals infected with HIV in need of treatment will far exceed the supply of ARVs, and only a limited number of health-care facilit... | Introduction The HIV/AIDS epidemic is having a devastating impact in sub-Saharan Africa and other resource-constrained regions. Recently, the World Health Organization and other organizations have committed to expand access to antiretrovirals (ARVs) in the developing world, the United States government has pledged to p... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC549597.xml |
548676 | Comparative performance of the Mbita trap, CDC light trap and the human landing catch in the sampling of Anopheles arabiensis, An. funestus and culicine species in a rice irrigation in western Kenya | Background Mosquitoes sampling is an important component in malaria control. However, most of the methods used have several shortcomings and hence there is a need to develop and calibrate new methods. The Mbita trap for capturing host-seeking mosquitoes was recently developed and successfully tested in Kenya. However, ... | Background Mosquito sampling is a prerequisite to most vector population studies [ 1 ]. The entomological parameter being studied and the behaviour of the mosquito species being sampled determine the choice of a sampling method [ 2 ]. However, most of the available mosquito sampling methods may not allow for such ratio... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC548676.xml |
517399 | Slowly developing depression of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor mediated responses in young rat hippocampi | Background Activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) type glutamate receptors is essential in triggering various forms of synaptic plasticity. A critical issue is to what extent such plasticity involves persistent changes of glutamate receptor subtypes and many prior studies have suggested a main role for alpha-amino-3... | Background Hippocampal synapses display a variety of activity dependent changes that may represent basic elements of memory. Of foremost interest are long-term potentiation (LTP) and depression (LTD), especially forms that depend on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor activation and therefore can attain "associative" ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC517399.xml |
514492 | New Route to Longer Life | null | Ever since the early Greeks recast humans as the center of the universe and remade God in their own image, Western philosophers and poets have grappled with the limits of human mortality. Philosophers found relief from Keats's “unwilling sleep” by dividing human existence into body and soul and asserting that the true ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC514492.xml |
517831 | How to Make a Mother in Five Easy Steps | null | Assembling a complex structure like an automobile requires the tight coordination of hundreds of independent entities—parts must be shipped and arrive on time, workers with the right skills must be in the right place on the assembly line, four (not three, not five) wheels must be bolted into place just so. Overseeing t... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC517831.xml |
539266 | TGF β1 and PDGF AA override Collagen type I inhibition of proliferation in human liver connective tissue cells | Background A marked expansion of the connective tissue population and an abnormal deposition of extracellular matrix proteins are hallmarks of chronic and acute injuries to liver tissue. Liver connective tissue cells, also called stellate cells, derived from fibrotic liver have been thoroughly characterized and corresp... | Background In normal liver, connective tissue cells are rare and mostly restricted to the periportal and pericentrovenular spaces and to the Glisson's capsule. A minor population of connective tissue cells is present inside the hepatic lobule, in the perisinusoidal space. They are known as hepatic stellate cells (HSC) ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC539266.xml |
549554 | Nine-year comparison of presentation and management of acute coronary syndromes in Ireland: a national cross-sectional survey | Background Shorter time to treatment is associated with lower mortality in acute coronary syndromes (ACS). A previous (1994) survey showed substantial delays for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in Ireland. The present study compared current practice with 1994 and surveyed acute coronary syndromes as a more complete c... | Background Ireland has one of the highest mortality rates from cardiovascular disease in the European Union [ 1 ]. Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a major portion of cardiovascular diseases. ACS includes unstable angina and both persistent-ST-segment elevation and non-ST segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC549554.xml |
516044 | Loss of KCNJ10 protein expression abolishes endocochlear potential and causes deafness in Pendred syndrome mouse model | Background Pendred syndrome, a common autosomal-recessive disorder characterized by congenital deafness and goiter, is caused by mutations of SLC26A4, which codes for pendrin. We investigated the relationship between pendrin and deafness using mice that have ( Slc26a4 +/+ ) or lack a complete Slc26a4 gene ( Slc26a4 -/-... | Background Pendred syndrome is a relatively common autosomal-recessive disorder characterized by deafness and goiter [ 1 ]. The syndrome is caused by mutations of the PDS gene SLC26A4, which codes for the protein pendrin [ 2 ]. Deafness is congenital and generally profound although sometimes late in onset and provoked ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC516044.xml |
539272 | Critical appraisal skills training for health care professionals: a randomized controlled trial [ISRCTN46272378] | Introduction Critical appraisal skills are believed to play a central role in an evidence-based approach to health practice. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and costs of a critical appraisal skills educational intervention aimed at health care professionals. Methods This prospective controlled t... | Introduction For clinicians to make sense of scientific evidence and follow an evidence-based approach to their practice it has been stated they should be able to: (1) turn problems of their clinical practice into focused questions; (2) comprehensively search for literature to address these questions; (3) critically ap... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC539272.xml |
526193 | The impact of employee level and work stress on mental health and GP service use: an analysis of a sample of Australian government employees | Background This study sought to identify the extent to which employee level and work stressors were associated with mental health problems experienced by Australian government employees, and with their use of primary care services. Methods 806 government employees aged between 40 and 44 years were surveyed as part of a... | Background In 1999, the World Health Organization reported that workers continued to suffer high levels of work-related injuries and deaths [ 1 ]. It also flagged, however, the increase in mental health problems reported by workers in industrialized countries as a result of their experiencing psychological stress and e... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC526193.xml |
526187 | Integrating linkage and radiation hybrid mapping data for bovine chromosome 15 | Background Bovine chromosome (BTA) 15 contains a quantitative trait loci (QTL) for meat tenderness, as well as several breaks in synteny with human chromosome (HSA) 11. Both linkage and radiation hybrid (RH) maps of BTA 15 are available, but the linkage map lacks gene-specific markers needed to identify genes underlyin... | Background Genome maps for livestock species are necessary to identify genes affecting economically important production traits. Linkage maps, based primarily on highly polymorphic, anonymous microsatellite markers, have been important for identifying chromosomal regions influencing economically important traits in cat... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC526187.xml |
387274 | A Pacific Culture among Wild Baboons: Its Emergence and Transmission | Reports exist of transmission of culture in nonhuman primates. We examine this in a troop of savanna baboons studied since 1978. During the mid-1980s, half of the males died from tuberculosis; because of circumstances of the outbreak, it was more aggressive males who died, leaving a cohort of atypically unaggressive su... | Introduction A goal of primatology is to understand the enormous variability in primate social behavior. Early investigators examined interspecies differences, e.g., that pair-bonding is more common among arboreal than terrestrial primates ( Crook and Gartlan 1966 ). Attention has also focused on geographical differenc... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC387274.xml |
509414 | The Case of the Noisy Neurons | null | People are unpredictable. One night you may crave Italian food, but another only Thai will do. One day you might finish a crossword puzzle in record time, and the next not a single clue prompts an answer. Such behavioral variation has been found in laboratory studies, too: a person's ability to find a faint image on a ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC509414.xml |
549540 | Mass spectrometrical analysis of recombinant human growth hormone (Genotropin®) reveals amino acid substitutions in 2% of the expressed protein | Background The structural integrity of recombinant proteins is of critical importance to their application as clinical treatments. Recombinant growth hormone preparations have been examined by several methodologies. In this study recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH; Genotropin ® ), expressed in E. coli K12 , was str... | Background The structural integrity of recombinant products generated by prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms is a major concern. Modifications such as amino acid sequence substitution/mutations of recombinant proteins may lead to pharmacological inactivation, autoimmune phenomena [ 1 - 3 ] and adverse effects [ 4 , 5 ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC549540.xml |
548689 | Evaluating the evidence for models of life course socioeconomic factors and cardiovascular outcomes: a systematic review | Background A relatively consistent body of research supports an inverse graded relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). More recently, researchers have proposed various life course SES hypotheses, which posit that the combination, accumulation, and/or interactions of different e... | Background The adult behavioral lifestyle theory of cardiovascular disease (CVD) describes an adult's lifestyle choices and levels of physiologic risk factors as the primary predictors of CVD risk [ 1 - 3 ]. This approach is supported by a relatively consistent literature demonstrating an inverse, graded relationship b... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC548689.xml |
534795 | Hand-carried ultrasound performed at bedside in cardiology inpatient setting – a comparative study with comprehensive echocardiography | Background Hand-carried ultrasound (HCU) devices have been demonstrated to improve the diagnosis of cardiac diseases over physical examination, and have the potential to broaden the versatility in ultrasound application. The role of these devices in the assessment of hospitalized patients is not completely established.... | Introduction Bedside echocardiography can bring important anatomical and hemodynamic information for the management of critically ill patients, and is often required in hospitalized patients for the assessment of left ventricular function. Standard echocardiographic equipments, while optimal, have large size and someti... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC534795.xml |
509415 | Gene Targeting Turns Mice into Long-Distance Runners | null | Have you ever noticed that long-distance runners and sprinters seem specially engineered for their sports? One's built for distance, the other speed. The ability to generate quick bursts of power or sustain long periods of exertion depends primarily on your muscle fiber type ratio (muscle cells are called fibers), whic... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC509415.xml |
549030 | Morning versus evening dosing of desloratadine in seasonal allergic rhinitis: a randomized controlled study [ISRCTN23032971]. | Background A circadian rhythm of symptoms has been reported in allergic rhinitis and some studies have shown the dosing time of antihistamines to be of importance for optimizing symptom relief in this disease. The objective of this study was to examine the efficacy of morning vs. evening dosing of the antihistamine des... | Background Allergic rhinitis is a common illness, which affects approximately 15 % of the population [ 1 ] and has a large impact on the quality of life of the patients. In some studies the symptoms of allergic rhinitis have shown a circadian rhythm with morning symptoms being most prominent in a majority of patients [... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC549030.xml |
509428 | Two-stage normalization using background intensities in cDNA microarray data | Background In the microarray experiment, many undesirable systematic variations are commonly observed. Normalization is the process of removing such variation that affects the measured gene expression levels. Normalization plays an important role in the earlier stage of microarray data analysis. The subsequent analysis... | Background cDNA microarrays consist of thousands of individual DNA sequences printed in a high density array on a glass slide. After being reverse-transcribed into cDNA and labeled using red (Cy5) and green (Cy3) fluorescent dyes, two target mRNA samples are hybridized with the arrayed DNA sequences or probes. Then, th... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC509428.xml |
526385 | Road-traffic pollution and asthma – using modelled exposure assessment for routine public health surveillance | Asthma is a common disease and appears to be increasing in prevalence. There is evidence linking air pollution, including that from road-traffic, with asthma. Road traffic is also on the increase. Routine surveillance of the impact of road-traffic pollution on asthma, and other diseases, would be useful in informing lo... | Introduction The prevalence of asthma is increasing and there is concern that the increase may in part be attributable to increasing road traffic related pollution. The concerns relate especially to childhood asthma. In this article, we set out the arguments for using modelled exposure assessment to create a surveillan... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC526385.xml |
539299 | Value of supplemental interventions to enhance the effectiveness of physical exercise during respiratory rehabilitation in COPD patients. A Systematic Review | Background There is a controversy about the additional benefit of various supplemental interventions used in clinical practice to further enhance the effectiveness of respiratory rehabilitation in patients with Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aim of this research was to assess randomised controlled tr... | Introduction Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has a large impact on health-related quality of life (HRQL) and represents a major health burden in industrialized and developing countries [ 1 - 4 ]. A systematic review including 23 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) has shown that patients with COPD improve ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC539299.xml |
548306 | Selection and characterization of a promoter for expression of single-copy recombinant genes in Gram-positive bacteria | Background In the past ten years there has been a growing interest in engineering Gram-positive bacteria for biotechnological applications, including vaccine delivery and production of recombinant proteins. Usually, bacteria are manipulated using plasmid expression vectors. The major limitation of this approach is due ... | Background In the past ten years there has been a growing interest in engineering Gram-positive bacteria for biotechnological applications, including vaccine delivery. [ 1 - 4 ], and in situ production of anti-infective protectants [ 5 ] and microbicides [ 6 ]. A common approach to genetic manipulation of bacteria is b... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC548306.xml |
549031 | Responsiveness: a reinvention of the wheel? | Background Since the mid eighties, responsiveness is considered to be a separate property of health status questionnaires distinct from reliability and validity. The aim of the study was to assess the strength of the relationship between internal consistency reliability, referring to an instrument's sensitivity to diff... | Background Responsiveness, a concept introduced in the mid-eighties by bio-medical researchers, is considered to be an essential measurement property of health status questionnaires, distinct from reliability and validity [ 1 ]. However, it can be questioned whether an instrument's sensitivity to differences between he... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC549031.xml |
526391 | Resistant starch consumption promotes lipid oxidation | Background Although the effects of resistant starch (RS) on postprandial glycemia and insulinemia have been extensively studied, little is known about the impact of RS on fat metabolism. This study examines the relationship between the RS content of a meal and postprandial/post-absorbative fat oxidation. Results 12 sub... | Background Resistant starch (RS) is any starch that is not digested in the small intestine but passes to the large bowel for fermentation [ 1 ]. Retrograded amylose (a linear polymer of glucose residues linked by α(1→4) bonds; RS1), such as cooked and cooled starchy foods like pasta salad, and native starch granules (R... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC526391.xml |
522875 | Microarray analysis of microRNA expression in the developing mammalian brain | A microarray technology suitable for analyzing the expression of microRNAs and of other small RNAs was used to determine the microRNA expression profile during mouse-brain development and observed a temporal wave of gene expression of sequential classes of microRNAs. | Background MicroRNAs constitute a large class of small regulatory RNAs [ 1 ]. Their mechanism of action and the scope of their biological roles are beginning to be understood. The first two microRNAs were discovered as the products of heterochronic genes that control developmental timing in Caenorhabditis elegans [ 2 ]... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC522875.xml |
517830 | The Genome of a Methane-Loving Bacterium | null | Mention greenhouse gases to most people and they're apt to think of carbon dioxide, fossil fuels, and big cars. Though carbon dioxide emissions are the major source of greenhouse gases, methane is far more effective at trapping heat in the atmosphere. Like increasing carbon dioxide levels, rising levels of atmospheric ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC517830.xml |
539273 | Teaching statistics to medical students using problem-based learning: the Australian experience | Background Problem-based learning (PBL) is gaining popularity as a teaching method in UK medical schools, but statistics and research methods are not being included in this teaching. There are great disadvantages in omitting statistics and research methods from the main teaching. PBL is well established in Australian m... | Background Problem-based learning (PBL) is a method of teaching and learning which is widely used in the education of medical students [ 1 , 2 ]. In problem-based learning, students working in a small group are presented with a problem, typically a description of a patient presentation. They decide what features of the... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC539273.xml |
514493 | Protein Helps Orchestrate Cells' Fluid Uptake | null | You are what you eat and drink. Steak can sit in your stomach or orange juice wind through your intestines, but they only become part of your body once they're taken up by your cells. First, foods must be reduced to a soup of proteins, fats, sugars, and so on. But even then, getting these materials into a cell isn't as... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC514493.xml |
534794 | Effect of 50% ethanolic extract of Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & Perry. (clove) on sexual behaviour of normal male rats | Background The flower bud of Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & Perry. (clove) has been used in Unani medicine since ancient times for the treatment of male sexual disorders. The present study is aimed to investigate the effect of 50% ethanolic extract of clove on general mating behaviour, libido, potency along with its ... | Background Clove is the dried flower bud of Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & Perry. (Family: Myrtaceae) an evergreen tree 10–20 m in height indigenous to India, Indonesia, Zanzibar, Mauritius and Sri Lanka [ 1 ]. It is one of the most important drugs used in indigenous medicine in India, especially in Unani medicine. C... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC534794.xml |
526384 | Infectious reservoir of Plasmodium infection in Mae Hong Son Province, north-west Thailand | Background It was unknown whether the main reservoir of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax, which infects mosquitoes in Thailand, was (a) in people feeling sufficiently ill with malaria to come to a clinic or (b) in people who had remained in their home villages with some fever symptoms or with none. Methods Ma... | Introduction An estimate of the infectiousness of the Plasmodium reservoir to mosquitoes is of interest in understanding the epidemiology of malaria and its changes after application of certain types of control measures. Different approaches have been used to investigate this, including direct feeding of mosquitoes thr... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC526384.xml |
539298 | On-call work and health: a review | Many professions in the fields of engineering, aviation and medicine employ this form of scheduling. However, on-call work has received significantly less research attention than other work patterns such as shift work and overtime hours. This paper reviews the current body of peer-reviewed, published research conducted... | Background The question of whether work hours and schedules affect people's health has been reviewed for a range of work patterns including shift work and overtime. Research in these areas indicates that shift work, and in particular night work can interrupt sleep patterns [ 1 ], aggravate existing medical conditions a... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC539298.xml |
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