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Sample_from_Cora_1120049 | Paper #1120049 has the title `Dimension of Recurrent Neural Networks
` and the abstract `DIMACS Technical Report 96-56 December 1996
`.
Question: Which category should Paper #1120049 be classified as ?
You can select one from ['Neural_Networks', 'Case_Based', 'Theory', 'Reinforcement_Learning', 'Probabilistic_Method... | This paper should be classified into: Neural_Networks | [
"Above are papers related to the following paper: [Paper_ID] Paper #1120049. \t[Title] Dimension of Recurrent Neural Networks [Abstract] DIMACS Technical Report 96-56 December 1996 Please summarise all the given information.",
"Above are papers related to the following paper: [Paper_ID] Paper #689152. \t[Title] S... | [
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Sample_from_Cora_1129442 | Paper #1129442 has the title `Minimum-Risk Profiles of Protein Families Based on Statistical Decision Theory
` and the abstract `Statistical decision theory provides a principled way to estimate amino acid frequencies in conserved positions of a protein family. The goal is to minimize the risk function, or the expect... | This paper should be classified into: Neural_Networks | [
"Above are papers related to the following paper: [Paper_ID] Paper #1129442. \t[Title] Minimum-Risk Profiles of Protein Families Based on Statistical Decision Theory [Abstract] Statistical decision theory provides a principled way to estimate amino acid frequencies in conserved positions of a protein family. The go... | [
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Sample_from_Cora_1129027 | Paper #1129027 has the title `Genetic Programming Methodology, Parallelization and Applications par
` and the abstract `nan`.
Question: Which category should Paper #1129027 be classified as ?
You can select one from ['Neural_Networks', 'Case_Based', 'Theory', 'Reinforcement_Learning', 'Probabilistic_Methods', 'Rule_... | This paper should be classified into: Genetic_Algorithms | [
"Above are papers related to the following paper: [Paper_ID] Paper #1129027. \t[Title] Genetic Programming Methodology, Parallelization and Applications par [Abstract] Please summarise all the given information.",
"Above are papers related to the following paper: [Paper_ID] Paper #1128453. \t[Title] An Adaptive... | [
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Sample_from_Cora_1131754 | Paper #1131754 has the title `An Evolutionary Approach to Time Constrained Routing Problems
` and the abstract `Routing problems are an important class of planning problems. Usually there are many different constraints and optimization criteria involved, and it is difficult to find general methods for solving routing... | This paper should be classified into: Genetic_Algorithms | [
"Above are papers related to the following paper: [Paper_ID] Paper #1131754. \t[Title] An Evolutionary Approach to Time Constrained Routing Problems [Abstract] Routing problems are an important class of planning problems. Usually there are many different constraints and optimization criteria involved, and it is dif... | [
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Sample_from_Cora_2440 | Paper #2440 has the title `Quinlan, 1990 J.R. Quinlan. Learning logical definitions from relations. Machine Learning, First-order theory revision. In
` and the abstract `nan`.
Question: Which category should Paper #2440 be classified as ?
You can select one from ['Neural_Networks', 'Case_Based', 'Theory', 'Reinforcemen... | This paper should be classified into: Rule_Learning | [
"Above are papers related to the following paper: [Paper_ID] Paper #2440. \t[Title] Quinlan, 1990 J.R. Quinlan. Learning logical definitions from relations. Machine Learning, First-order theory revision. In [Abstract] Please summarise all the given information.",
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Sample_from_Cora_87417 | Paper #87417 has the title `Using Modeling Knowledge to Guide Design Space Search
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"Above are papers related to the following paper: [Paper_ID] Paper #87417. \t[Title] Using Modeling Knowledge to Guide Design Space Search [Abstract] Automated search of a space of candidate designs seems an attractive way to improve the traditional engineering design process. To make this approach work, however, t... | [
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Sample_from_Cora_39890 | Paper #39890 has the title `A THEORY OF INFERRED CAUSATION perceive causal relationships in uncon trolled observations. 2. the task
` and the abstract `This paper concerns the empirical basis of causation, and addresses the following issues: We propose a minimal-model semantics of causation, and show that, contrary to ... | This paper should be classified into: Probabilistic_Methods | [
"Above are papers related to the following paper: [Paper_ID] Paper #39890. \t[Title] A THEORY OF INFERRED CAUSATION perceive causal relationships in uncon trolled observations. 2. the task [Abstract] This paper concerns the empirical basis of causation, and addresses the following issues: We propose a minimal-model... | [
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Sample_from_Cora_198443 | Paper #198443 has the title `Properties of Genetic Representations of Neural Architectures
` and the abstract `Genetic algorithms and related evolutionary techniques offer a promising approach for automatically exploring the design space of neural architectures for artificial intelligence and cognitive modeling. Cent... | This paper should be classified into: Genetic_Algorithms | [
"Above are papers related to the following paper: [Paper_ID] Paper #198443. \t[Title] Properties of Genetic Representations of Neural Architectures [Abstract] Genetic algorithms and related evolutionary techniques offer a promising approach for automatically exploring the design space of neural architectures for ar... | [
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Sample_from_Cora_124828 | Paper #124828 has the title `Ensemble Training: Some Recent Experiments with Postal Zip Data
` and the abstract `Recent findings suggest that a classification scheme based on an ensemble of networks is an effective way to address overfitting. We study optimal methods for training an ensemble of networks. Some recent ... | This paper should be classified into: Neural_Networks | [
"Above are papers related to the following paper: [Paper_ID] Paper #124828. \t[Title] Ensemble Training: Some Recent Experiments with Postal Zip Data [Abstract] Recent findings suggest that a classification scheme based on an ensemble of networks is an effective way to address overfitting. We study optimal methods ... | [
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Sample_from_Cora_9559 | Paper #9559 has the title `A Partial Memory Incremental Learning Methodology And Its Application To Computer Intrusion Detection
` and the abstract `nan`.
Question: Which category should Paper #9559 be classified as ?
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"Above are papers related to the following paper: [Paper_ID] Paper #9559. \t[Title] A Partial Memory Incremental Learning Methodology And Its Application To Computer Intrusion Detection [Abstract] Please summarise all the given information.",
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Sample_from_Cora_33231 | Paper #33231 has the title `Probabilistic Independence Networks for Hidden Markov Probability Models
` and the abstract `Graphical techniques for modeling the dependencies of random variables have been explored in a variety of different areas including statistics, statistical physics, artificial intelligence, speech ... | This paper should be classified into: Probabilistic_Methods | [
"Above are papers related to the following paper: [Paper_ID] Paper #33231. \t[Title] Probabilistic Independence Networks for Hidden Markov Probability Models [Abstract] Graphical techniques for modeling the dependencies of random variables have been explored in a variety of different areas including statistics, sta... | [
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Sample_from_Cora_141160 | Paper #141160 has the title `LINEAR SYSTEMS WITH SIGN-OBSERVATIONS
` and the abstract `This paper deals with systems that are obtained from linear time-invariant continuous-or discrete-time devices followed by a function that just provides the sign of each output. Such systems appear naturally in the study of quantiz... | This paper should be classified into: Neural_Networks | [
"Above are papers related to the following paper: [Paper_ID] Paper #141160. \t[Title] LINEAR SYSTEMS WITH SIGN-OBSERVATIONS [Abstract] This paper deals with systems that are obtained from linear time-invariant continuous-or discrete-time devices followed by a function that just provides the sign of each output. Suc... | [
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Sample_from_Cora_54844 | Paper #54844 has the title `Learning Model Bias minimum number of examples requred to learn a single task, and O(a
` and the abstract `In this paper the problem of learning appropriate domain-specific bias is addressed. It is shown that this can be achieved by learning many related tasks from the same domain, and a the... | This paper should be classified into: Theory | [
"Above are papers related to the following paper: [Paper_ID] Paper #54844. \t[Title] Learning Model Bias minimum number of examples requred to learn a single task, and O(a [Abstract] In this paper the problem of learning appropriate domain-specific bias is addressed. It is shown that this can be achieved by learnin... | [
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Sample_from_Cora_34979 | Paper #34979 has the title `Apple Tasting and Nearly One-Sided Learning
` and the abstract `In the standard on-line model the learning algorithm tries to minimize the total number of mistakes made in a series of trials. On each trial the learner sees an instance, either accepts or rejects that instance, and then is t... | This paper should be classified into: Theory | [
"Above are papers related to the following paper: [Paper_ID] Paper #34979. \t[Title] Apple Tasting and Nearly One-Sided Learning [Abstract] In the standard on-line model the learning algorithm tries to minimize the total number of mistakes made in a series of trials. On each trial the learner sees an instance, eith... | [
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Sample_from_Cora_240791 | Paper #240791 has the title `Auto-teaching: networks that develop their own teaching input
` and the abstract `Backpropagation learning (Rumelhart, Hinton and Williams, 1986) is a useful research tool but it has a number of undesiderable features such as having the experimenter decide from outside what should be lear... | This paper should be classified into: Genetic_Algorithms | [
"Above are papers related to the following paper: [Paper_ID] Paper #240791. \t[Title] Auto-teaching: networks that develop their own teaching input [Abstract] Backpropagation learning (Rumelhart, Hinton and Williams, 1986) is a useful research tool but it has a number of undesiderable features such as having the ex... | [
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Sample_from_Cora_28641 | Paper #28641 has the title `Game Theory, On-line Prediction and Boosting
` and the abstract `We study the close connections between game theory, on-line prediction and boosting. After a brief review of game theory, we describe an algorithm for learning to play repeated games based on the on-line prediction methods of... | This paper should be classified into: Theory | [
"Above are papers related to the following paper: [Paper_ID] Paper #28641. \t[Title] Game Theory, On-line Prediction and Boosting [Abstract] We study the close connections between game theory, on-line prediction and boosting. After a brief review of game theory, we describe an algorithm for learning to play repeate... | [
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Sample_from_Cora_1129106 | Paper #1129106 has the title `Technical Diagnosis: Fallexperte-D of further knowledge sources (domain knowledge, common knowledge) is investigated in the
` and the abstract `Case based reasoning (CBR) uses the knowledge from former experiences ("known cases"). Since special knowledge of an expert is mainly subject to h... | This paper should be classified into: Case_Based | [
"Above are papers related to the following paper: [Paper_ID] Paper #1129106. \t[Title] Technical Diagnosis: Fallexperte-D of further knowledge sources (domain knowledge, common knowledge) is investigated in the [Abstract] Case based reasoning (CBR) uses the knowledge from former experiences (\"known cases\"). Since... | [
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Sample_from_Cora_35070 | Paper #35070 has the title `The RISE System: Conquering Without Separating
` and the abstract `Current rule induction systems (e.g. CN2) typically rely on a "separate and conquer" strategy, learning each rule only from still-uncovered examples. This results in a dwindling number of examples being available for learni... | This paper should be classified into: Case_Based | [
"Above are papers related to the following paper: [Paper_ID] Paper #35070. \t[Title] The RISE System: Conquering Without Separating [Abstract] Current rule induction systems (e.g. CN2) typically rely on a \"separate and conquer\" strategy, learning each rule only from still-uncovered examples. This results in a dwi... | [
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Sample_from_Cora_1121739 | Paper #1121739 has the title `Simultaneous Learning of Control Laws and Local Environment Representations for Intelligent Navigation Robots
` and the abstract `Two issues of an intelligent navigation robot have been addressed in this work. First is the robot's ability to learn a representation of the local environmen... | This paper should be classified into: Reinforcement_Learning | [
"Above are papers related to the following paper: [Paper_ID] Paper #1121739. \t[Title] Simultaneous Learning of Control Laws and Local Environment Representations for Intelligent Navigation Robots [Abstract] Two issues of an intelligent navigation robot have been addressed in this work. First is the robot's ability... | [
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Sample_from_Cora_345340 | Paper #345340 has the title `Generalized Prioritized Sweeping
` and the abstract `Prioritized sweeping is a model-based reinforcement learning method that attempts to focus an agent's limited computational resources to achieve a good estimate of the value of environment states. To choose effectively where to spend a ... | This paper should be classified into: Reinforcement_Learning | [
"Above are papers related to the following paper: [Paper_ID] Paper #345340. \t[Title] Generalized Prioritized Sweeping [Abstract] Prioritized sweeping is a model-based reinforcement learning method that attempts to focus an agent's limited computational resources to achieve a good estimate of the value of environme... | [
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Sample_from_Cora_167656 | Paper #167656 has the title `BOOSTING AND NAIVE BAYESIAN LEARNING
` and the abstract `Although so-called naive Bayesian classification makes the unrealistic assumption that the values of the attributes of an example are independent given the class of the example, this learning method is remarkably successful in pract... | This paper should be classified into: Theory | [
"Above are papers related to the following paper: [Paper_ID] Paper #167656. \t[Title] BOOSTING AND NAIVE BAYESIAN LEARNING [Abstract] Although so-called naive Bayesian classification makes the unrealistic assumption that the values of the attributes of an example are independent given the class of the example, this... | [
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Sample_from_Cora_18770 | Paper #18770 has the title `A guide to the literature on learning probabilistic networks from data
` and the abstract `This literature review discusses different methods under the general rubric of learning Bayesian networks from data, and includes some overlapping work on more general probabilistic networks. Connect... | This paper should be classified into: Probabilistic_Methods | [
"Above are papers related to the following paper: [Paper_ID] Paper #18770. \t[Title] A guide to the literature on learning probabilistic networks from data [Abstract] This literature review discusses different methods under the general rubric of learning Bayesian networks from data, and includes some overlapping wo... | [
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Sample_from_Cora_746058 | Paper #746058 has the title `All-to-all Broadcast on the CNS-1
` and the abstract `This study deals with the all-to-all broadcast on the CNS-1. We determine a lower bound for the run time and present an algorithm meeting this bound. Since this study points out a bottleneck in the network interface, we also analyze th... | This paper should be classified into: Neural_Networks | [
"Above are papers related to the following paper: [Paper_ID] Paper #746058. \t[Title] All-to-all Broadcast on the CNS-1 [Abstract] This study deals with the all-to-all broadcast on the CNS-1. We determine a lower bound for the run time and present an algorithm meeting this bound. Since this study points out a bottl... | [
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Sample_from_Cora_27535 | Paper #27535 has the title `Combining Connectionist and Symbolic Learning to Refine Certainty-Factor Rule Bases
` and the abstract `This paper describes Rapture | a system for revising probabilistic knowledge bases that combines connectionist and symbolic learning methods. Rapture uses a modified version of backpropa... | This paper should be classified into: Probabilistic_Methods | [
"Above are papers related to the following paper: [Paper_ID] Paper #27535. \t[Title] Combining Connectionist and Symbolic Learning to Refine Certainty-Factor Rule Bases [Abstract] This paper describes Rapture | a system for revising probabilistic knowledge bases that combines connectionist and symbolic learning met... | [
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Sample_from_Cora_1115375 | Paper #1115375 has the title `Analyzing Hyperspectral Data with Independent Component Analysis
` and the abstract `Hyperspectral image sensors provide images with a large number of contiguous spectral channels per pixel and enable information about different materials within a pixel to be obtained. The problem of spe... | This paper should be classified into: Neural_Networks | [
"Above are papers related to the following paper: [Paper_ID] Paper #1115375. \t[Title] Analyzing Hyperspectral Data with Independent Component Analysis [Abstract] Hyperspectral image sensors provide images with a large number of contiguous spectral channels per pixel and enable information about different materials... | [
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Sample_from_Cora_675649 | Paper #675649 has the title `Modeling Volatility using State Space Models
` and the abstract `In time series problems, noise can be divided into two categories: dynamic noise which drives the process, and observational noise which is added in the measurement process, but does not influence future values of the system... | This paper should be classified into: Neural_Networks | [
"Above are papers related to the following paper: [Paper_ID] Paper #675649. \t[Title] Modeling Volatility using State Space Models [Abstract] In time series problems, noise can be divided into two categories: dynamic noise which drives the process, and observational noise which is added in the measurement process, ... | [
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Sample_from_Cora_630817 | Paper #630817 has the title `Inferring sparse, overcomplete image codes using an efficient coding framework
` and the abstract `We apply a general technique for learning overcomplete bases to the problem of finding efficient image codes. The bases learned by the algorithm are localized, oriented, and bandpass, consis... | This paper should be classified into: Neural_Networks | [
"Above are papers related to the following paper: [Paper_ID] Paper #630817. \t[Title] Inferring sparse, overcomplete image codes using an efficient coding framework [Abstract] We apply a general technique for learning overcomplete bases to the problem of finding efficient image codes. The bases learned by the algor... | [
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Sample_from_Cora_1139928 | Paper #1139928 has the title `Planning and Learning in an Adversarial Robotic Game
` and the abstract `1 This paper demonstrates the tandem use of a finite automata learning algorithm and a utility planner for an adversarial robotic domain. For many applications, robot agents need to predict the movement of objects i... | This paper should be classified into: Theory | [
"Above are papers related to the following paper: [Paper_ID] Paper #1139928. \t[Title] Planning and Learning in an Adversarial Robotic Game [Abstract] 1 This paper demonstrates the tandem use of a finite automata learning algorithm and a utility planner for an adversarial robotic domain. For many applications, robo... | [
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Sample_from_Cora_10430 | Paper #10430 has the title `Rules and Precedents as Complementary Warrants Complementarity of Rules and Precedents for Classification In a
` and the abstract `This paper describes a model of the complementarity of rules and precedents in the classification task. Under this model, precedents assist rule-based reasoning ... | This paper should be classified into: Case_Based | [
"Above are papers related to the following paper: [Paper_ID] Paper #10430. \t[Title] Rules and Precedents as Complementary Warrants Complementarity of Rules and Precedents for Classification In a [Abstract] This paper describes a model of the complementarity of rules and precedents in the classification task. Under... | [
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Sample_from_Cora_1104258 | Paper #1104258 has the title `Regression with Input-dependent Noise: A Gaussian Process Treatment
` and the abstract `Technical Report NCRG/98/002, available from http://www.ncrg.aston.ac.uk/ To appear in Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 10 eds. M. I. Jordan, M. J. Kearns and S. A. Solla. Lawrence Er... | This paper should be classified into: Neural_Networks | [
"Above are papers related to the following paper: [Paper_ID] Paper #1104258. \t[Title] Regression with Input-dependent Noise: A Gaussian Process Treatment [Abstract] Technical Report NCRG/98/002, available from http://www.ncrg.aston.ac.uk/ To appear in Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 10 eds. M. I.... | [
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Sample_from_Cora_143323 | Paper #143323 has the title `AN EMPIRICAL APPROACH TO SOLVING THE GENERAL UTILITY PROBLEM IN SPEEDUP LEARNING
` and the abstract `The utility problem in speedup learning describes a common behavior of machine learning methods: the eventual degradation of performance due to increasing amounts of learned knowledge. The... | This paper should be classified into: Case_Based | [
"Above are papers related to the following paper: [Paper_ID] Paper #143323. \t[Title] AN EMPIRICAL APPROACH TO SOLVING THE GENERAL UTILITY PROBLEM IN SPEEDUP LEARNING [Abstract] The utility problem in speedup learning describes a common behavior of machine learning methods: the eventual degradation of performance d... | [
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Sample_from_Cora_131117 | Paper #131117 has the title `Learning Sequential Tasks by Incrementally Adding Higher Orders
` and the abstract `An incremental, higher-order, non-recurrent network combines two properties found to be useful for learning sequential tasks: higher-order connections and incremental introduction of new units. The network... | This paper should be classified into: Neural_Networks | [
"Above are papers related to the following paper: [Paper_ID] Paper #131117. \t[Title] Learning Sequential Tasks by Incrementally Adding Higher Orders [Abstract] An incremental, higher-order, non-recurrent network combines two properties found to be useful for learning sequential tasks: higher-order connections and ... | [
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Sample_from_Cora_307656 | Paper #307656 has the title `Plateaus and Plateau Search in Boolean Satisfiability Problems: When to Give Up Searching and Start Again
` and the abstract `We empirically investigate the properties of the search space and the behavior of hill-climbing search for solving hard, random Boolean satisfiability problems. In... | This paper should be classified into: Genetic_Algorithms | [
"Above are papers related to the following paper: [Paper_ID] Paper #307656. \t[Title] Plateaus and Plateau Search in Boolean Satisfiability Problems: When to Give Up Searching and Start Again [Abstract] We empirically investigate the properties of the search space and the behavior of hill-climbing search for solvin... | [
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Sample_from_Cora_12946 | Paper #12946 has the title `Learning from incomplete data
` and the abstract `Real-world learning tasks often involve high-dimensional data sets with complex patterns of missing features. In this paper we review the problem of learning from incomplete data from two statistical perspectives|the likelihood-based and th... | This paper should be classified into: Probabilistic_Methods | [
"Above are papers related to the following paper: [Paper_ID] Paper #12946. \t[Title] Learning from incomplete data [Abstract] Real-world learning tasks often involve high-dimensional data sets with complex patterns of missing features. In this paper we review the problem of learning from incomplete data from two st... | [
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Sample_from_Cora_145215 | Paper #145215 has the title `Memory-Based Lexical Acquisition and Processing
` and the abstract `Current approaches to computational lexicology in language technology are knowledge-based (competence-oriented) and try to abstract away from specific formalisms, domains, and applications. This results in severe complexi... | This paper should be classified into: Case_Based | [
"Above are papers related to the following paper: [Paper_ID] Paper #145215. \t[Title] Memory-Based Lexical Acquisition and Processing [Abstract] Current approaches to computational lexicology in language technology are knowledge-based (competence-oriented) and try to abstract away from specific formalisms, domains,... | [
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Sample_from_Cora_1153148 | Paper #1153148 has the title `Learning Classification Trees
` and the abstract `Algorithms for learning classification trees have had successes in artificial intelligence and statistics over many years. This paper outlines how a tree learning algorithm can be derived using Bayesian statistics. This introduces Bayesia... | This paper should be classified into: Probabilistic_Methods | [
"Above are papers related to the following paper: [Paper_ID] Paper #1153148. \t[Title] Learning Classification Trees [Abstract] Algorithms for learning classification trees have had successes in artificial intelligence and statistics over many years. This paper outlines how a tree learning algorithm can be derived ... | [
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Sample_from_Cora_634904 | Paper #634904 has the title `A PARALLEL ISLAND MODEL GENETIC ALGORITHM FOR THE MULTIPROCESSOR SCHEDULING PROBLEM
` and the abstract `In this paper we compare the performance of a serial and a parallel island model Genetic Algorithm for solving the Multiprocessor Scheduling Problem. We show results using fixed and sca... | This paper should be classified into: Genetic_Algorithms | [
"Above are papers related to the following paper: [Paper_ID] Paper #634904. \t[Title] A PARALLEL ISLAND MODEL GENETIC ALGORITHM FOR THE MULTIPROCESSOR SCHEDULING PROBLEM [Abstract] In this paper we compare the performance of a serial and a parallel island model Genetic Algorithm for solving the Multiprocessor Sched... | [
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Sample_from_Cora_159897 | Paper #159897 has the title `Robustness Analysis of Bayesian Networks with Finitely Generated Convex Sets of Distributions
` and the abstract `This paper presents exact solutions and convergent approximations for inferences in Bayesian networks associated with finitely generated convex sets of distributions. Robust B... | This paper should be classified into: Probabilistic_Methods | [
"Above are papers related to the following paper: [Paper_ID] Paper #159897. \t[Title] Robustness Analysis of Bayesian Networks with Finitely Generated Convex Sets of Distributions [Abstract] This paper presents exact solutions and convergent approximations for inferences in Bayesian networks associated with finitel... | [
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Sample_from_Cora_7430 | Paper #7430 has the title `Multi-time Models for Temporally Abstract Planning
` and the abstract `Planning and learning at multiple levels of temporal abstraction is a key problem for artificial intelligence. In this paper we summarize an approach to this problem based on the mathematical framework of Markov decision... | This paper should be classified into: Reinforcement_Learning | [
"Above are papers related to the following paper: [Paper_ID] Paper #7430. \t[Title] Multi-time Models for Temporally Abstract Planning [Abstract] Planning and learning at multiple levels of temporal abstraction is a key problem for artificial intelligence. In this paper we summarize an approach to this problem base... | [
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Sample_from_Cora_34257 | Paper #34257 has the title `A Self-Adjusting Dynamic Logic Module
` and the abstract `This paper presents an ASOCS (Adaptive Self-Organizing Concurrent System) model for massively parallel processing of incrementally defined rule systems in such areas as adaptive logic, robotics, logical inference, and dynamic contro... | This paper should be classified into: Neural_Networks | [
"Above are papers related to the following paper: [Paper_ID] Paper #34257. \t[Title] A Self-Adjusting Dynamic Logic Module [Abstract] This paper presents an ASOCS (Adaptive Self-Organizing Concurrent System) model for massively parallel processing of incrementally defined rule systems in such areas as adaptive logi... | [
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Sample_from_Cora_62347 | Paper #62347 has the title `Embodiment and Manipulation Learning Process for a Humanoid Hand
` and the abstract `nan`.
Question: Which category should Paper #62347 be classified as ?
You can select one from ['Neural_Networks', 'Case_Based', 'Theory', 'Reinforcement_Learning', 'Probabilistic_Methods', 'Rule_Learning',... | This paper should be classified into: Reinforcement_Learning | [
"Above are papers related to the following paper: [Paper_ID] Paper #62347. \t[Title] Embodiment and Manipulation Learning Process for a Humanoid Hand [Abstract] Please summarise all the given information.",
"Above are papers related to the following paper: [Paper_ID] Paper #649730. \t[Title] Growing a Hypercubic... | [
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Sample_from_Cora_575402 | Paper #575402 has the title `When Will a Genetic Algorithm Outperform Hill Climbing?
` and the abstract `We analyze a simple hill-climbing algorithm (RMHC) that was previously shown to outperform a genetic algorithm (GA) on a simple "Royal Road" function. We then analyze an "idealized" genetic algorithm (IGA) that is... | This paper should be classified into: Genetic_Algorithms | [
"Above are papers related to the following paper: [Paper_ID] Paper #575402. \t[Title] When Will a Genetic Algorithm Outperform Hill Climbing? [Abstract] We analyze a simple hill-climbing algorithm (RMHC) that was previously shown to outperform a genetic algorithm (GA) on a simple \"Royal Road\" function. We then an... | [
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Sample_from_Cora_642641 | Paper #642641 has the title `Bayesian Analysis of Agricultural Field Experiments
` and the abstract `SUMMARY The paper describes Bayesian analysis for agricultural field experiments, a topic that has received very little previous attention, despite a vast frequentist literature. Adoption of the Bayesian paradigm simp... | This paper should be classified into: Probabilistic_Methods | [
"Above are papers related to the following paper: [Paper_ID] Paper #642641. \t[Title] Bayesian Analysis of Agricultural Field Experiments [Abstract] SUMMARY The paper describes Bayesian analysis for agricultural field experiments, a topic that has received very little previous attention, despite a vast frequentist ... | [
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Sample_from_Cora_1131189 | Paper #1131189 has the title `MARKOV CHAIN MONTE CARLO SAMPLING FOR EVALUATING MULTIDIMENSIONAL INTEGRALS WITH APPLICATION TO BAYESIAN COMPUTATION
` and the abstract `Recently, Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling methods have become widely used for determining properties of a posterior distribution. Alternative ... | This paper should be classified into: Probabilistic_Methods | [
"Above are papers related to the following paper: [Paper_ID] Paper #1131189. \t[Title] MARKOV CHAIN MONTE CARLO SAMPLING FOR EVALUATING MULTIDIMENSIONAL INTEGRALS WITH APPLICATION TO BAYESIAN COMPUTATION [Abstract] Recently, Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling methods have become widely used for determining pr... | [
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Sample_from_Cora_66782 | Paper #66782 has the title `Using Qualitative Models to Guide Inductive Learning
` and the abstract `This paper presents a method for using qualitative models to guide inductive learning. Our objectives are to induce rules which are not only accurate but also explainable with respect to the qualitative model, and to ... | This paper should be classified into: Rule_Learning | [
"Above are papers related to the following paper: [Paper_ID] Paper #66782. \t[Title] Using Qualitative Models to Guide Inductive Learning [Abstract] This paper presents a method for using qualitative models to guide inductive learning. Our objectives are to induce rules which are not only accurate but also explaina... | [
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Sample_from_Cora_360028 | Paper #360028 has the title `Constructing New Attributes for Decision Tree Learning
` and the abstract `nan`.
Question: Which category should Paper #360028 be classified as ?
You can select one from ['Neural_Networks', 'Case_Based', 'Theory', 'Reinforcement_Learning', 'Probabilistic_Methods', 'Rule_Learning', 'Geneti... | This paper should be classified into: Theory | [
"Above are papers related to the following paper: [Paper_ID] Paper #360028. \t[Title] Constructing New Attributes for Decision Tree Learning [Abstract] Please summarise all the given information.",
"Above are papers related to the following paper: [Paper_ID] Paper #1118823. \t[Title] Constructing Conjunctions us... | [
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Sample_from_Cora_628668 | Paper #628668 has the title `Towards a Reactive Critic
` and the abstract `In this paper we propose a reactive critic, that is able to respond to changing situations. We will explain why this is usefull in reinforcement learning, where the critic is used to improve the control strategy. We take a problem for which we... | This paper should be classified into: Reinforcement_Learning | [
"Above are papers related to the following paper: [Paper_ID] Paper #628668. \t[Title] Towards a Reactive Critic [Abstract] In this paper we propose a reactive critic, that is able to respond to changing situations. We will explain why this is usefull in reinforcement learning, where the critic is used to improve th... | [
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Sample_from_Cora_1123188 | Paper #1123188 has the title `GRKPACK: FITTING SMOOTHING SPLINE ANOVA MODELS FOR EXPONENTIAL FAMILIES
` and the abstract `Wahba, Wang, Gu, Klein and Klein (1995) introduced Smoothing Spline ANalysis of VAriance (SS ANOVA) method for data from exponential families. Based on RKPACK, which fits SS ANOVA models to Gaussi... | This paper should be classified into: Neural_Networks | [
"Above are papers related to the following paper: [Paper_ID] Paper #1123188. \t[Title] GRKPACK: FITTING SMOOTHING SPLINE ANOVA MODELS FOR EXPONENTIAL FAMILIES [Abstract] Wahba, Wang, Gu, Klein and Klein (1995) introduced Smoothing Spline ANalysis of VAriance (SS ANOVA) method for data from exponential families. Bas... | [
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[
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16,
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15,
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0,
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12,
14,
17,
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Sample_from_Cora_1140289 | Paper #1140289 has the title `LU TP 93-24 Predicting System Loads with Artificial Neural
` and the abstract `Networks Methods and Results from Abstract: We devise a feed-forward Artificial Neural Network (ANN) procedure for predicting utility loads and present the resulting predictions for two test problems given by ... | This paper should be classified into: Neural_Networks | [
"Above are papers related to the following paper: [Paper_ID] Paper #1140289. \t[Title] LU TP 93-24 Predicting System Loads with Artificial Neural [Abstract] Networks Methods and Results from Abstract: We devise a feed-forward Artificial Neural Network (ANN) procedure for predicting utility loads and present the res... | [
0
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[
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[
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[
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[
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[
19,
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[
19,
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[
... |
Sample_from_Cora_3233 | Paper #3233 has the title `A Study of Cross-Validation and Bootstrap for Accuracy Estimation and Model Selection
` and the abstract `We review accuracy estimation methods and compare the two most common methods: cross-validation and bootstrap. Recent experimental results on artificial data and theoretical results in ... | This paper should be classified into: Probabilistic_Methods | [
"Above are papers related to the following paper: [Paper_ID] Paper #3233. \t[Title] A Study of Cross-Validation and Bootstrap for Accuracy Estimation and Model Selection [Abstract] We review accuracy estimation methods and compare the two most common methods: cross-validation and bootstrap. Recent experimental resu... | [
0
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[
27,
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48... |
Sample_from_Cora_424 | Paper #424 has the title `A Hybrid Nearest-Neighbor and Nearest-Hyperrectangle Algorithm
` and the abstract `nan`.
Question: Which category should Paper #424 be classified as ?
You can select one from ['Neural_Networks', 'Case_Based', 'Theory', 'Reinforcement_Learning', 'Probabilistic_Methods', 'Rule_Learning', 'Gene... | This paper should be classified into: Rule_Learning | [
"Above are papers related to the following paper: [Paper_ID] Paper #424. \t[Title] A Hybrid Nearest-Neighbor and Nearest-Hyperrectangle Algorithm [Abstract] Please summarise all the given information.",
"Above are papers related to the following paper: [Paper_ID] Paper #24966. \t[Title] A Practical Bayesian Fram... | [
0
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13,
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[
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[
0,
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[... |
Sample_from_Cora_573978 | Paper #573978 has the title `Evolutionary Algorithms: Some Very Old Strategies for Optimization and Adaptation
` and the abstract `Genetic Algorithms and Evolution Strategies, the main representatives of a class of algorithms based on the model of natural evolution, are discussed w.r.t. their basic working mechanisms... | This paper should be classified into: Genetic_Algorithms | [
"Above are papers related to the following paper: [Paper_ID] Paper #573978. \t[Title] Evolutionary Algorithms: Some Very Old Strategies for Optimization and Adaptation [Abstract] Genetic Algorithms and Evolution Strategies, the main representatives of a class of algorithms based on the model of natural evolution, a... | [
0
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[
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[
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[
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[
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[
9,
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[
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3,
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23,
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Sample_from_Cora_1237 | Paper #1237 has the title `Toward Learning Systems That Integrate Different Strategies and Representations TR93-22
` and the abstract `nan`.
Question: Which category should Paper #1237 be classified as ?
You can select one from ['Neural_Networks', 'Case_Based', 'Theory', 'Reinforcement_Learning', 'Probabilistic_Metho... | This paper should be classified into: Neural_Networks | [
"Above are papers related to the following paper: [Paper_ID] Paper #1237. \t[Title] Toward Learning Systems That Integrate Different Strategies and Representations TR93-22 [Abstract] Please summarise all the given information.",
"Above are papers related to the following paper: [Paper_ID] Paper #1102400. \t[Titl... | [
0
] | [
[
6,
1,
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[
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[
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[
6,
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[
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7,
6,
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[
1,
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Sample_from_Cora_5348 | Paper #5348 has the title `Feature Extraction Using an Unsupervised Neural Network
` and the abstract `A novel unsupervised neural network for dimensionality reduction that seeks directions emphasizing multimodality is presented, and its connection to exploratory projection pursuit methods is discussed. This leads to... | This paper should be classified into: Neural_Networks | [
"Above are papers related to the following paper: [Paper_ID] Paper #5348. \t[Title] Feature Extraction Using an Unsupervised Neural Network [Abstract] A novel unsupervised neural network for dimensionality reduction that seeks directions emphasizing multimodality is presented, and its connection to exploratory proj... | [
0
] | [
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[
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[
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[
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[
5,
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Sample_from_Cora_4274 | Paper #4274 has the title `Multi-Strategy Learning and Theory Revision
` and the abstract `This paper presents the system WHY, which learns and updates a diagnostic knowledge base using domain knowledge and a set of examples. The a-priori knowledge consists of a causal model of the domain, stating the relationships a... | This paper should be classified into: Case_Based | [
"Above are papers related to the following paper: [Paper_ID] Paper #4274. \t[Title] Multi-Strategy Learning and Theory Revision [Abstract] This paper presents the system WHY, which learns and updates a diagnostic knowledge base using domain knowledge and a set of examples. The a-priori knowledge consists of a causa... | [
0
] | [
[
5,
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[
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[
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[
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[
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1,
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],
[
7,
3,
2,
8
],
[
5,
2,
6,
1,
8
],
[]
] |
Sample_from_Cora_218410 | Paper #218410 has the title `Explanation Based Learning: A Comparison of Symbolic and Neural Network Approaches
` and the abstract `Explanation based learning has typically been considered a symbolic learning method. An explanation based learning method that utilizes purely neural network representations (called EBNN... | This paper should be classified into: Reinforcement_Learning | [
"Above are papers related to the following paper: [Paper_ID] Paper #218410. \t[Title] Explanation Based Learning: A Comparison of Symbolic and Neural Network Approaches [Abstract] Explanation based learning has typically been considered a symbolic learning method. An explanation based learning method that utilizes ... | [
0
] | [
[
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[
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[
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80
],
[
63,
17,
77,
80
],
[
17,
64,
80
],
[
17,
2... |
Sample_from_Cora_1128437 | Paper #1128437 has the title `Feature Generation for Sequence Categorization
` and the abstract `The problem of sequence categorization is to generalize from a corpus of labeled sequences procedures for accurately labeling future unlabeled sequences. The choice of representation of sequences can have a major impact o... | This paper should be classified into: Theory | [
"Above are papers related to the following paper: [Paper_ID] Paper #1128437. \t[Title] Feature Generation for Sequence Categorization [Abstract] The problem of sequence categorization is to generalize from a corpus of labeled sequences procedures for accurately labeling future unlabeled sequences. The choice of rep... | [
0
] | [
[
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[
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7,
2,
8
],
[
2,
8
],
[
3,
5,
5,
2,
8
],
[]
] |
Sample_from_Cora_1104946 | Paper #1104946 has the title `Theoretical Models of Learning to Learn Editor:
` and the abstract `A Machine can only learn if it is biased in some way. Typically the bias is supplied by hand, for example through the choice of an appropriate set of features. However, if the learning machine is embedded within an envi... | This paper should be classified into: Theory | [
"Above are papers related to the following paper: [Paper_ID] Paper #1104946. \t[Title] Theoretical Models of Learning to Learn Editor: [Abstract] A Machine can only learn if it is biased in some way. Typically the bias is supplied by hand, for example through the choice of an appropriate set of features. However, ... | [
0
] | [
[
1,
3
],
[
2,
0,
3
],
[
1,
3
],
[]
] |
Sample_from_Cora_561581 | Paper #561581 has the title `Priors and Component Structures in Autoregressive Time Series Models
` and the abstract `New approaches to prior specification and structuring in autoregressive time series models are introduced and developed. We focus on defining classes of prior distributions for parameters and latent v... | This paper should be classified into: Probabilistic_Methods | [
"Above are papers related to the following paper: [Paper_ID] Paper #561581. \t[Title] Priors and Component Structures in Autoregressive Time Series Models [Abstract] New approaches to prior specification and structuring in autoregressive time series models are introduced and developed. We focus on defining classes ... | [
0
] | [
[
2,
8,
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[
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[
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[
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[
2,
18
],
[
17,
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11,
18
],
[
2,
7,
... |
Sample_from_Cora_1131270 | Paper #1131270 has the title `Blocking Gibbs Sampling for Linkage Analysis in Large Pedigrees with Many Loops
` and the abstract `nan`.
Question: Which category should Paper #1131270 be classified as ?
You can select one from ['Neural_Networks', 'Case_Based', 'Theory', 'Reinforcement_Learning', 'Probabilistic_Methods... | This paper should be classified into: Probabilistic_Methods | [
"Above are papers related to the following paper: [Paper_ID] Paper #1131270. \t[Title] Blocking Gibbs Sampling for Linkage Analysis in Large Pedigrees with Many Loops [Abstract] Please summarise all the given information.",
"Above are papers related to the following paper: [Paper_ID] Paper #153063. \t[Title] Bay... | [
0
] | [
[
3,
2,
10
],
[
3,
10
],
[
8,
0,
4,
10
],
[
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9,
7,
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],
[
2,
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],
[
3,
6,
10
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[
3,
5,
10
],
[
8,
3,
10
],
[
2,
7,
10
],
[
3,
10
],
[]... |
Sample_from_Cora_1107171 | Paper #1107171 has the title `A utility-based approach to learning in a mixed Case-Based and Model-Based Reasoning architecture
` and the abstract `Case-based reasoning (CBR) can be used as a form of "caching" solved problems to speedup later problem solving. Using "cached" cases brings additional costs with it due t... | This paper should be classified into: Case_Based | [
"Above are papers related to the following paper: [Paper_ID] Paper #1107171. \t[Title] A utility-based approach to learning in a mixed Case-Based and Model-Based Reasoning architecture [Abstract] Case-based reasoning (CBR) can be used as a form of \"caching\" solved problems to speedup later problem solving. Using ... | [
0
] | [
[
7,
5,
8,
6,
14
],
[
7,
10,
14
],
[
6,
14
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[
8,
14
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[
7,
14
],
[
12,
8,
0,
14
],
[
2,
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14
],
[
4,
11,
13,
0,
1,
10,
14
],
[
3,
5,
0,
14
],
... |
Sample_from_Cora_219239 | Paper #219239 has the title `Simulating Access to Hidden Information while Learning
` and the abstract `We introduce a new technique which enables a learner without access to hidden information to learn nearly as well as a learner with access to hidden information. We apply our technique to solve an open problem of M... | This paper should be classified into: Theory | [
"Above are papers related to the following paper: [Paper_ID] Paper #219239. \t[Title] Simulating Access to Hidden Information while Learning [Abstract] We introduce a new technique which enables a learner without access to hidden information to learn nearly as well as a learner with access to hidden information. We... | [
0
] | [
[
6,
26,
39,
24,
32,
24,
53
],
[
26,
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],
[
6,
18,
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],
[
38,
21,
26,
53
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[
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[
26,
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[
25,
17,
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46,
47,
28,
14,
9,
2,
18,
34,
24,
0,
33,... |
Sample_from_Cora_179180 | Paper #179180 has the title `Rochester Connectionist Simulator
` and the abstract `Specifying, constructing and simulating structured connectionist networks requires significant programming effort. System tools can greatly reduce the effort required, and by providing a conceptual structure within which to work, make ... | This paper should be classified into: Neural_Networks | [
"Above are papers related to the following paper: [Paper_ID] Paper #179180. \t[Title] Rochester Connectionist Simulator [Abstract] Specifying, constructing and simulating structured connectionist networks requires significant programming effort. System tools can greatly reduce the effort required, and by providing ... | [
0
] | [
[
1,
4,
6,
8
],
[
3,
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8
],
[
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8
],
[
5,
1,
8
],
[
7,
0,
8
],
[
6,
3,
8
],
[
5,
0,
2,
1,
8
],
[
4,
8
],
[]
] |
Sample_from_Cora_578347 | Paper #578347 has the title `Independent Component Analysis by General Non-linear Hebbian-like Learning Rules
` and the abstract `A number of neural learning rules have been recently proposed for Independent Component Analysis (ICA). The rules are usually derived from information-theoretic criteria such as maximum en... | This paper should be classified into: Neural_Networks | [
"Above are papers related to the following paper: [Paper_ID] Paper #578347. \t[Title] Independent Component Analysis by General Non-linear Hebbian-like Learning Rules [Abstract] A number of neural learning rules have been recently proposed for Independent Component Analysis (ICA). The rules are usually derived from... | [
0
] | [
[
32,
34,
27,
2,
5,
5,
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[
34,
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[
34,
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[
18,
34,
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[
32,
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],
[
34,
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31,
0,
23,
0,
38
],
[
34,
31,
18,
15,
38
],
[
34,
... |
Sample_from_Cora_12199 | Paper #12199 has the title `Learning k-term DNF Formulas with an Incomplete Membership Oracle
` and the abstract `We consider the problem of learning k-term DNF formulas using equivalence queries and incomplete membership queries as defined by Angluin and Slonim. We demonstrate that this model can be applied to non-m... | This paper should be classified into: Theory | [
"Above are papers related to the following paper: [Paper_ID] Paper #12199. \t[Title] Learning k-term DNF Formulas with an Incomplete Membership Oracle [Abstract] We consider the problem of learning k-term DNF formulas using equivalence queries and incomplete membership queries as defined by Angluin and Slonim. We d... | [
0
] | [
[
23,
6,
19,
20,
18,
14,
24
],
[
19,
20,
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],
[
19,
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],
[
18,
24
],
[
10,
6,
24
],
[
10,
18,
24
],
[
10,
9,
15,
13,
23,
0,
4,
15,
22,
24
],
[
23,
14,... |
Sample_from_Cora_81722 | Paper #81722 has the title `EMERGENT BEHAVIOUR IN CO-EVOLUTIONARY DESIGN
` and the abstract `An important aspect of creative design is the concept of emergence. Though emergence is important, its mechanism is either not well understood or it is limited to the domain of shapes. This deficiency can be compensated by co... | This paper should be classified into: Case_Based | [
"Above are papers related to the following paper: [Paper_ID] Paper #81722. \t[Title] EMERGENT BEHAVIOUR IN CO-EVOLUTIONARY DESIGN [Abstract] An important aspect of creative design is the concept of emergence. Though emergence is important, its mechanism is either not well understood or it is limited to the domain o... | [
0
] | [
[
8,
63,
100
],
[
8,
94,
96,
100
],
[
8,
100
],
[
8,
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],
[
8,
100
],
[
8,
100
],
[
8,
100
],
[
8,
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50,
100
],
[
90,
84,
85,
3,
18,
22,
16,
21,
28,
43,
... |
Sample_from_Cora_1155073 | Paper #1155073 has the title `Learning with Abduction
` and the abstract `We investigate how abduction and induction can be integrated into a common learning framework through the notion of Abductive Concept Learning (ACL). ACL is an extension of Inductive Logic Programming (ILP) to the case in which both the backgro... | This paper should be classified into: Rule_Learning | [
"Above are papers related to the following paper: [Paper_ID] Paper #1155073. \t[Title] Learning with Abduction [Abstract] We investigate how abduction and induction can be integrated into a common learning framework through the notion of Abductive Concept Learning (ACL). ACL is an extension of Inductive Logic Progr... | [
0
] | [
[
7,
10,
5,
13
],
[
7,
13
],
[
9,
7,
6,
12,
13
],
[
5,
13
],
[
7,
6,
13
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[
6,
3,
0,
13
],
[
4,
8,
7,
2,
5,
13
],
[
9,
4,
6,
0,
11,
10,
1,
12,
2,
... |
Sample_from_Cora_593022 | Paper #593022 has the title `1 GP-COM: A Distributed, Component-Based Genetic Programming System in C++
` and the abstract `Widespread adoption of Genetic Programming techniques as a domain-independent problem solving tool depends on a good underlying software structure. A system is presented that mirrors the concept... | This paper should be classified into: Genetic_Algorithms | [
"Above are papers related to the following paper: [Paper_ID] Paper #593022. \t[Title] 1 GP-COM: A Distributed, Component-Based Genetic Programming System in C++ [Abstract] Widespread adoption of Genetic Programming techniques as a domain-independent problem solving tool depends on a good underlying software structu... | [
0
] | [
[
10,
11,
18
],
[
10,
5,
8,
18
],
[
10,
16,
7,
18
],
[
10,
13,
18
],
[
10,
18
],
[
10,
1,
18
],
[
11,
18
],
[
2,
10,
18
],
[
10,
9,
1,
9,
18
],
[
8,
10,
... |
Sample_from_Cora_154134 | Paper #154134 has the title `Simple Selection of Utile Control Rules in Speedup Learning
` and the abstract `Many recent approaches to avoiding the utility problem in speedup learning rely on sophisticated utility measures and significant numbers of training data to accurately estimate the utility of control knowledg... | This paper should be classified into: Case_Based | [
"Above are papers related to the following paper: [Paper_ID] Paper #154134. \t[Title] Simple Selection of Utile Control Rules in Speedup Learning [Abstract] Many recent approaches to avoiding the utility problem in speedup learning rely on sophisticated utility measures and significant numbers of training data to a... | [
0
] | [
[
8,
3,
14,
9,
18
],
[
8,
18
],
[
9,
18
],
[
12,
0,
7,
10,
18
],
[
8,
16,
17,
18
],
[
8,
7,
14,
18
],
[
14,
18
],
[
3,
5,
18
],
[
16,
17,
4,
1,
15,
5,
... |
Sample_from_Cora_578337 | Paper #578337 has the title `Signal Separation by Nonlinear Hebbian Learning
` and the abstract `nan`.
Question: Which category should Paper #578337 be classified as ?
You can select one from ['Neural_Networks', 'Case_Based', 'Theory', 'Reinforcement_Learning', 'Probabilistic_Methods', 'Rule_Learning', 'Genetic_Algor... | This paper should be classified into: Neural_Networks | [
"Above are papers related to the following paper: [Paper_ID] Paper #578337. \t[Title] Signal Separation by Nonlinear Hebbian Learning [Abstract] Please summarise all the given information.",
"Above are papers related to the following paper: [Paper_ID] Paper #851968. \t[Title] Natural Gradient Descent for Trainin... | [
0
] | [
[
34,
28,
7,
31,
24,
30,
14,
15,
26,
39
],
[
31,
39
],
[
34,
39
],
[
34,
26,
19,
39
],
[
34,
26,
31,
19,
19,
39
],
[
32,
31,
39
],
[
18,
34,
39
],
[
34,
31,
... |
Sample_from_Cora_1129243 | Paper #1129243 has the title `Learning in Multi-Robot Systems
` and the abstract `This paper 1 discusses why traditional reinforcement learning methods, and algorithms applied to those models, result in poor performance in dynamic, situated multi-agent domains characterized by multiple goals, noisy perception and act... | This paper should be classified into: Reinforcement_Learning | [
"Above are papers related to the following paper: [Paper_ID] Paper #1129243. \t[Title] Learning in Multi-Robot Systems [Abstract] This paper 1 discusses why traditional reinforcement learning methods, and algorithms applied to those models, result in poor performance in dynamic, situated multi-agent domains charact... | [
0
] | [
[
18,
50,
42,
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[
72,
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[
28,
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1,
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[
28,
6,
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[
72,
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86,
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[
28,
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73,
8... |
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