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Since the beginning of time, man has looked for better ways to navigate. Land exploration was easier because of the various landmarks that prevailed, but oceanic exploration was an entirely different challenge. Early sailors created primitive charts of the coast lines and learned to look to the sun and stars for direction. Over time, man developed instruments such as the compass, quadrant, sextant and chronometers to assist sailors in charting their course. The first gyroscope compass that pointed true north was not invented until 1907. Radio detection and ranging (radar) was invented in 1935, and then long range navigation (Loran) was developed during World War II. But late in the 20th century, NAVSTAR, the official name for the global positioning system (GPS), was invented for military use. Between 1978 and 1994, the US Department of Defense launched 24 satellites into space. These satellites, which orbit about 12,000 miles above the earth and travel at 7,000 mph, complete two orbits every 24 hours. The satellites, each weighing about 2,000 pounds, are 17 feet wide and powered by solar panels. After about 10 years of service, a replacement satellite is launched into orbit to keep up the accuracy of the system. In the 1980s, the US government decided that the GPS system should also be available for civilian use. Today, GPS has become a necessity for all modes of transportation. When your GPS receiver is locked onto four or more satellites, it can determine latitude, longitude, altitude, speed, the time of sunrise and sunset and so much more. We are truly living in a fast-paced electronic era where a space-based global navigation system, maintained by our government with free accessibility to anyone with a GPS receiver, now provides us with the information we need for travel. And as fast as this new information age is emerging, it is a wonder to imagine what the next decade will bring.
SharLeigh has an inquisitive nature – she is interested in current events, history, science and many more subjects, including things that go bump in the night! Since 1997, SharLeigh has scoured the internet, looking for interesting, fun and timely topics covering all sorts of human-interest subjects for her articles from her home in Fontana, CA.
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Water is revitalized via equipment that is installed in the water distribution. Equipment is based on purely physical, hydrodynamic principles when water flows through the chambers and passageways that are specifically arranged.
This principles transfer part of water molecules power. Kinetic energy of the water flow is passed to positioned energy of water molecules.
We call this action water structuralization - because energy rebuilds, creates and makes bonds in the internal water structure strength*.
Each product line for water revitalization is different - in design, efficiency, complexity of the technology, material resistance, internal and external surface modification , etc.
We recommend that you discuss your choice of water revitalization unit with your supplier or with us. There are a lot of things to consider for the best choice, e.g. for appropriate efficiency we need to know the real flows more than just the diameter of pipes.
All our products can operate independently or as part of a cascade of water treatment system.
* Some physical characteristic of water is changed - such as the polarity of the solution, the degree of solvation (hydration) of dissolved substances - even those inserted after adjusting the water activity of dissolved ions and molecules, gas solubility, etc.
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Occurring more than 300 million years ago, dragonflies form one of the most ancient groups of insects. With more than 6 000 species world-wide, they have fascinated numerous civilisations over the ages.
Their many popular names (in the Middle Ages, for example, they were known as ‘Satan’s needles’, ‘Devil’s arrows’ and ‘dragon’s whores’) illustrate the fear and demonic reputation they have held over a long period.
However, in the Far East, these insects are regarded with great respect, notably in Japan – the town of Nakamara has even devoted a museum to them, unique of its type – where they represent a symbol of force and bravery, and their silhouette is regarded as synonymous with good luck and victory.
Emblems of our water courses and wetland areas, dragonflies are among the most popular of insects. However, every fisherman, walker or naturalist one meets by the riverside will tell you that these insects are becoming less and less numerous. Such anecdotal evidence has motivated societies for nature conservation and the environment in the Poitou-Charentes to conduct a survey to refine our knowledge of these insects. The aim is to conserve dragonfly populations and their habitats and to bring dragonflies to the attention of the public, especially those involved in decision-making, principally by the publication of this book.
The dragonfly world
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The dragonflies, or Odonata, are one of the earliest groups of insects, first appearing during the age of the dinosaurs. The European species are divided into 2 major groups : the Zygoptera, or damselflies, and the Anisoptera, or true dragonflies. The 6000 species described in the world are morphologically uniform but they have developed diverse ecologies allowing them to colonise nearly the entire terrestrial surface of the planet.
Biology and Ecology
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Compared with many other groups of organisms, the morphology, life-cycle and general ecology of members of the Odonata are relatively homogeneous. Their most striking characteristic is that they are dependant on 2 radically different media – the aquatic one in which their larvae develop and the aerial world of the adults. This life-cycle switch is accompanied by fundamental physiological transformations (changes in methods of respiration, development of the organs of reproduction), morphological transformations (use of wings) and, conspicuously, behavioural transformations (changes in hunting methods, development of reproductive behaviour).
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Although dragonflies can be found in many different habitats and throughout much of the year, certain areas and certain periods are most suitable. To know where and when to look for them, together with a knowledge of their ecology and behaviour are very valuable. In this chapter, information on flight periods, sites to visit and the equipment needed to observe and identify them is provided.
Photographing dragonflies – practical advice :
Damseflies (Zygoptera) tend to adopt a look-out post (a plant stem or twig by the waterside) and when disturbed, take off, only to re-alight again in exactly the same place a few moments later. Approach to within 50 cm of the damselfly and focus the camera before the insect takes off. When it departs, remain as still as possible, keeping your camera focused on its perch, and then, from the moment you have it in the view-finder you have several seconds in which to press the shutter.
True dragonflies (Anisoptera) tend to fly hardly without stopping and it’s even more difficult to photograph them successfully ! You need to stand quietly in the flight area of your dragonfly and wait until it becomes used to your presence. With a little luck it will come to investigate you, hovering before you for a second or two. This is the time you have to frame it in the field of view and press the shutter – not easy ?
Identifying the dragonflies of the Poitou-Charentes
The identification of dragonflies begins with an ‘apprenticeship’. Start by learning to recognise the commonest species. To conduct a systematic survey of the species present in a locality one must obey one simple rule : to identify with certainty each species present on the site. To do this, capture is essential. In this chapter, identification keys for each of the families are provided. Identification should be based on several characters and on mature individuals. Sure identification of immature or worn examples is more difficult. Binoculars are useful for observing dragonflies, particularly Anisoptera, in the field. The use of photography, with the aim of recording salient features, is useful in constructing a personal reference collection and in confirming identifications. The identification of the exuviae, the skin of the larva from which the adult has emerged, also provides valuable information on the dynamics of a population. Although much less spectacular than the adults, the forms of the exuviae are very diverse. Never to name a species where a doubt remains must remain the rule as much for the larvae and exuviae as for the adults.
The dragonflies in their habitats
From the results obtained during our surveys, we have tried to identify the range of dragonflies typical of each of the principal habitat types to be found in the Poitou-Charentes. For each of these habitats, only the species for which we have proof of reproduction have been included.
Threats linked to human activities
Nearly 40% of the species of dragonflies of the Poitou-Charentes are included in the regional list of threatened species. Most suffer from the impact of human activities on humid zones, which constitute an ecosystem particularly fragile and vulnerable. The profound changes to which these areas are submitted, outweigh the adaptive capabilities of many specialised species. Although dragonflies are considered as poor bio-indicators because they are quite tolerant of environmental change, the decline of their populations indicates the overall sad state of our wildlife heritage.
Of the 68 species of Odonata present in the Poitou-Charentes, 10 are protected at the European and national level. However, an evaluation of the conservation status of our species indicates that 29 are gravely threatened on a national and regional scale. The conservation of dragonflies is provided by comprehensive measures for the protection of humid zones and a better consideration of the requirements of species in the management of natural habitats. The construction of ornamental ponds in gardens could begin to play an important role in the protection of certain species.
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Did you know that there are currently roughly 62 million adults ages 65 and older living in the US? This number is projected to nearly double by 2050.
As we continue to live longer lives, it’s important to focus on maintaining our physical and mental well-being. One powerful tool for doing so is using mindfulness activities for seniors. This practice involves being fully present and aware in the moment, without judgment.
In this section, we’ll explore the benefits and techniques to promote well-being and relaxation. Read on to discover how mindfulness can enhance your golden years.
As we age, our bodies and minds go through various changes. Chronic pain, memory loss, stress, and anxiety are just a few common challenges that seniors may face.
Fortunately, research has shown that mindfulness can help alleviate these issues and improve overall well-being. Here are some specific benefits of mindfulness for seniors:
Improved Cognitive Function
As we get older, our cognitive abilities may start to decline. However, studies have found that practicing mindfulness can improve cognitive function.
It can slow down age-related declines in memory and attention. This is because mindfulness helps us focus on the present moment and reduce distractions.
Reduced Stress and Anxiety
Stress and anxiety are common issues that many seniors face. Mindfulness can help alleviate these feelings by promoting relaxation and reducing negative thoughts.
Practicing mindfulness has been linked to reduced levels of cortisol. This is the hormone responsible for stress and anxiety in our body.
Better Physical Health
Mindfulness has also been shown to have a positive impact on physical health. It can help lower blood pressure, reduce inflammation, and improve immune function. These benefits can help seniors maintain their health and prevent chronic diseases.
Techniques for Mindfulness
Now that you’ve learned about the benefits of mindfulness, here are some techniques and activities for the elderly:
One of the simplest ways to practice mindfulness is through breathing exercises. Find a comfortable seated position and focus on your breath. Inhale deeply through your nose, hold for a few seconds, then exhale slowly through your mouth. Repeat this for a few minutes.
Body Scan Meditation
This technique involves bringing awareness to different parts of your body. Starting from your toes and moving up to the top of your head.
Pay attention to any sensations or tension you may feel in each area, without judging them. This can help you feel more relaxed and connected to your body.
You don’t have to sit still to practice mindfulness. Take a slow, deliberate walk and focus on the sensations in your feet as they touch the ground. Observe your surroundings without judgment and pay attention to the present moment.
To help you with these techniques, check out the leading assisted living community in Palm Beach Gardens. They offer various wellness programs and engaging senior activities, including mindfulness classes.
Mindfulness Activities for Seniors: Promoting Health and Wellness
Mindfulness is a powerful tool that can benefit seniors in their golden years. It can improve cognitive function, reduce stress and anxiety, and promote physical health.
By incorporating mindfulness activities for seniors into our daily routines, we can enhance our quality of life and continue to thrive as we age. So take some time today to practice mindfulness and reap its many benefits. Your future self will thank you.
If you enjoyed this article, explore the other articles in our blog to expand your knowledge.
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On the afternoon on December 10, 2018, an area of what initially appeared to be precipitation (Figure 1) was detected northwest of Evansville, Indiana by the National Weather Service (NWS) Doppler Weather Radar station at Paducah, Kentucky (KPAH). When first detected, the blob was 100 nm northeast of KPAH at an elevation of approximately 12,000 feet. A check of surface weather stations near the blob and visible satellite imagery (Figure 2) indicated that no precipitation was occurring and that skies were clear in the area.
The blob was visible by the KPAH radar for nearly ten hours (from 2:49 pm on December 10 to 12:49 am on December 11, 2018 CDT). During this time, it traveled approximately 120 nautical miles (average of 12 knots) in a southeasterly direction from southeastern Illinois to western Kentucky (see animation below).
If it wasn’t precipitation, what was the radar station detecting? It’s not uncommon for migrating birds to appear on radar, but at a height of 7,000 to 10,000 feet, the blob was too high to be birds. Dust and insect swarms sometimes appear on radar, but the elevation was too high for these also. Not to mention it is the wrong time of year for insect swarms. While impossible to confirm, the evidence suggests the blob was chaff from a military aircraft.
Traditional military aircraft lack radar-avoiding technology and must rely upon defensive countermeasures. Primary among these is chaff, a fibrous substance composed of glass fibers and aluminum packed into small bundles. The pilot launches the bundle into the aircraft’s slipstream, where it opens and releases nearly five million small fibers (1 to 2cm in length) into the atmosphere forming a highly-reflective masking “cloud.”
The dispersal of the chaff is intended to confuse a missile’s radar guidance system by creating a more attractive target than the plane that released it. Since the rapid dispersal of the chaff cloud would be counter-productive, the material is designed to linger in the atmosphere for an extended period. Falling at a rate of approximately ten meters per minute, chaff dispersed at an altitude of ten thousand feet doesn’t reach the ground for nearly ten hours. The fibers are also highly resistant to breaking apart during descent helping to prolong their protective mission.
The Evidence For Chaff
A zoomed-in reflectivity image (Figure 3) at 2:49 pm CDT on December 01, 2018 shows the blob shortly after it initially appeared on radar. The high values of dBZ (55 dBZ) associated with the blob are consistent with chaff when the radar station is in clear air mode. (Clear air mode is slower than the standard precipitation mode and increases the station’s ability to detect small particles such as dust and mist.)
Correlation coefficient (CC) is a radar product that measures the uniformity of the target’s shape. Targets will high CC values (close to 100%) are round, such as perfectly formed raindrops or snowflakes. The correlation coefficient image at 2:49 pm CDT on December 10, 2018 (Figure 4) shows the blob had values less than 60% which typically suggests chaff or other non-weather related targets.
Based on data associated with the KPAH radar beam, the presumed cloud of chaff extended from an altitude of approximately 7,000 to 10,000 feet. This height roughly correlates to 700 mb, one of the standard atmospheric levels analyzed by meteorologists. The impact of friction is virtually absent at 700 mb, therefore the wind flows nearly parallel to the contours of constant height (the dark lines on Figure 5).
A review of the 700 mb analysis valid at 7:00 pm on December 10, 2018 (Figure 5) indicates the wind above southeastern Illinois and western Kentucky was likely northwesterly to northerly at approximately 15 to 20 knots.
The observed sounding at Nashville, TN at 7:00 pm on December 10, 2018 (Figure 6) confirms that wind speeds at the height of the presumed chaff cloud were rather light at approximately 15 knots.
The absence of precipitation, the longevity of the cloud’s appearance on radar, and its movement consistent with the speed and direction of the wind at 700 mb, supports the conclusion that the cloud was military chaff.
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What is the importance of milk teeth?
What are the steps to ensure good dental health for children?
What is tooth decay and how does it affect your child’s teeth?
What is Early Childhood Decay or baby bottle syndrome and how can that be prevented?
Reasons why the primary teeth needs to be well maintained
Why is preventive dentistry important?
What are pit and fissure sealants or dental sealants?
How do topical fluorides prevent the onset of tooth decay?
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As we stated at the very beginning, for most students and teachers this area of study touches on the very private and unique part of a person. But if the teacher is committed and truly believes in the positiveness of what he/she is doing it will be a beneficial endeavor.
Another problem the teacher will have to face is the lack of homogeneity even in a bilingual class. Some students might be almost unable to speak English and have very Hispanic values while others will be well on their way to being americanized and might consider themselves more “modern” (“with it”) than their more conservative peers. The teacher will have to act as mediator in the possible conflicts that may arise out of these differences.
Finally, the teacher must be aware that he/she will most probably need a peer support system for him/herself. In times of self-doubt, such as direct attacks on sex educators in the media or a student relating an explosive sexual experience such as incest, support from a respected peer can be invaluable.
All things considered, we feel that an examination of Family Life and Human Sexuality is essential to normal growth and development.
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here you will find all the answers to the most frequently asked questions about tartar formation. Dr. Gambino, dental hygienist, gives advice for dental hygiene at home. If there are still unanswered questions, send us a message via email or on Instagram.
WHAT IS TARTAR AND HOW DOES IT FORM?
Tartar is nothing more than mineralized bacterial plaque (multi-species microorganisms organized to colonize the surfaces of the teeth). The amount of tartar that forms varies depending on several factors, such as age (the older you get, the more tartar you have), gender (males are more predisposed), race, dental location, and, of course, poor oral hygiene. Tartar formation occurs following the deposition on the dental surface of organic and inorganic bacterial matrix (such as the mineral salts present in saliva), which if not removed daily tend to harden and can only be eliminated with a professional hygiene session.
HOW CAN I RECOGNIZE TARTAR?
Generally, we can find it on the lower incisors and upper molars. It has a yellow color that turns orange depending on how "old" it is (in smokers it tends to brown/black). There are plaque detectors and tartar on the market that, in the form of liquids or candies, color the bacteria so that the patient can clearly see the amount and location. Once colored, just take the toothbrush and properly brush your teeth, you will see that the color from the surface of the teeth will pass directly onto the bristles.
**Receive plaque detectors for free by purchasing a promis kit**
WHAT ARE THE CAUSES/BENEFITS OF TARTAR?
Tartar formations have no benefits for our oral health, on the contrary, they constitute the ideal environment for bacterial development. In fact, thanks to its organic component, it can adhere to all surfaces of the oral cavity (teeth, implants, crowns, bridges, fillings, prostheses) and due to its porosity, it creates niches where bacteria proliferate undisturbed, secreting inflammatory substances harmful to the health of oral tissues.
WHY AND HOW OFTEN SHOULD IT BE REMOVED?
Removing tartar is the basis of preventing bacteria-dependent pathologies that we can find in the oral cavity. Being a structure capable of hosting microorganisms, the less there is, the less they can organize and cause us problems (cavities, abscesses, gingivitis, periodontitis, etc).
Generally, professional oral hygiene should be done every 6 months. This timing can vary depending on several factors (patient's manual dexterity, genetic predisposition, motor disabilities, presence of prostheses, etc.) and can range from a minimum of 45 days to a maximum of 12 months. The professional will evaluate, from time to time, the most appropriate timing for the next recall.
HOW DOES IT USUALLY WORK?
On average, an oral hygiene session lasts from 45-60 minutes. There are steps to follow to ensure a truly professional and useful job for the patient's health.
After the compilation and study of the medical history form an accurate inspection of the oral cavity must be performed to evaluate any past or ongoing problems (and if necessary, refer to the most suitable dentist for a diagnostic visit) and understand the patient's hygiene gaps to instruct and correct them as best as possible.
Once the patient has understood any corrections to be made, we must go physically to remove plaque, tartar and extrinsic stains from the surfaces of the teeth or prostheses using manual or mechanical instruments that with their movements can clean, polish, and disinfect oral structures. The hygiene session is never painful! It can be slightly annoying when there are abundant plaque accumulations caused by hygiene appointments too far apart or poor home hygiene manual dexterity of the patient. In this case, we can still take advantage of using specific mouthwashes, local anesthetics, or nitrous oxide... ZERO FEAR OF THE DENTIST!
WHAT HAPPENS IF TARTAR IS NOT REMOVED?
When we do not have professional hygiene for a long time or do not remove plaque daily with a toothbrush, there is an increase in the number and change in the "quality" of bacteria present in the mouth. These are detected by our immune system and the defense mechanism of inflammation is activated, which, if not promptly treated, can lead to gingivitis and if it persists over time becomes periodontitis.
HOW CAN TARTAR BE PREVENTED?
The only way to prevent tartar formation is proper oral hygiene by removing bacterial plaque daily. Cleaning the oral surfaces should occur about 15 minutes after the end of each meal (to give time for saliva to restore the correct pH of the mouth).
After applying a small amount of toothpaste to the bristles of our toothbrush (about the size of a grain of rice) and with light pressure, perform rolling movements from the gum towards the center of the mouth for about 2-3 minutes to touch all the surfaces of the tooth (both vestibular and oral). It is very important to use dental floss to remove food residues and plaque deposited between the teeth, to be used always but with particular dedication in the evening before going to bed.
However, it must be said that, despite our skill and dedication, we may always find small accumulations of tartar located, for example, in crowded teeth or very posterior teeth (such as wisdom teeth). We must not be discouraged, but simply pay more attention to small spaces!
A TIP FOR THE RIGHT TOOTHBRUSH?
Manual or electric toothbrush? Soft, medium, or hard bristles? There is no perfect toothbrush, there is the most suitable toothbrush for us.
During a professional hygiene session, after evaluating the patient's manual dexterity and the type of dental anatomy, a more precise answer to these questions can be given.
Normally, I recommend using toothbrushes with soft bristles and very dense, without rubber inserts and with anatomical handles for a firm and precise grip. The friction of the bristles on the tooth determines the removal of plaque, which is why toothbrushes with many bristles are the best. However, it is very important not to exert excessive force that would cause premature enamel wear and gingival recession.
Generally, if the same toothbrush is used daily, it should be replaced every maximum of 3 months; for this reason, I recommend eco-friendly toothbrushes. Finding one that encompassed all the characteristics I wanted was not easy, they always had something that was not right, until I tried the Promis line and I am not just talking about toothbrushes but also toothpastes and periodontal gels.
The head of a promis toothbrush is very small (about 1cm) and allows you to touch the entire tooth, even the most hidden surfaces! It contains 6750 soft, dense, and thick bristles, properly fixed to a handle made of bioplastic shaped to have an anatomical grip that fits the person's hand. The toothpastes and periodontal gels are naturally based and contain 6 different herbs (Eucalyptus, rosemary, bergamot, tea tree, mint, and neem) enclosed in a tube made of sugar cane to dispose of everything in the most ecological way possible.
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In the rugged and often unpredictable environment of a mine site, success hinges not just on machinery and minerals, but on the skilled hands and informed minds of the workers who navigate this challenging terrain daily. Every individual, from seasoned professionals to newcomers, must be equipped with a robust skill set that encompasses technical knowledge, safety protocols, and the ability to adapt to ever-changing conditions.
This article delves into the essential skills that form the bedrock of effective mine site training, spotlighting the myriad ways in which these competencies not only enhance personal performance but also contribute to overall operational efficiency. With safety as a top priority, workers must cultivate a deep understanding of both their craft and the environment around them—ensuring that each day spent underground is not just productive, but also secure.
Join us as we explore the vital skills that empower workers to thrive in one of the most demanding industries in the world.
Safety Awareness and Practices
Safety awareness and practices are paramount in the realm of mine site training, where the stakes are incredibly high and the environment can be unforgiving. Workers must be equipped with not only knowledge but also a keen sense of vigilance, as hazards lurk around every corner.
From understanding the proper use of personal protective equipment to recognizing the subtle signs of potential emergencies, every detail matters. Regular drills can make the difference between a minor incident and a catastrophic event; thus, being prepared and responsive is crucial.
Moreover, fostering a culture of safety through open communication and teamwork amplifies overall site awareness, encouraging everyone to speak up about unsafe conditions or practices. In an industry where lives depend on each other’s actions, being proactive about safety isn’t just a priority—it’s a responsibility that every worker must embrace.
Operational Skills and Technical Knowledge
Operational skills and technical knowledge are the backbone of a worker’s effectiveness at a mine site. Mastery of heavy machinery, for instance,doesn’tt merely involve knowing how to operate equipment; it requires a deep understanding of the mechanics behind it, the environmental factors at play, and the safety protocols that govern its use.
Workers must be adept at troubleshooting issues on the fly, from adjusting hydraulic systems to recognizing potential failures before they escalate into dangerous situations. Furthermore, proficiency in reading geological maps and data analysis enhances worker’srs capability to navigate the complexities of mining operations.
This blend of hands-on skills, technical insight, and critical thinking fosters an environment where every worker can contribute to achieving operational efficiency while ensuring safety and compliance. Ultimately, it is this comprehensive skill set that distinguishes successful mine workers from their peers, enabling them to adapt and thrive in a demanding and ever-evolving landscape.
Effective communication skills are paramount in the high-stakes environment of a mine site, where clarity can mean the difference between safety and disaster. Workers must not only convey their tasks and concerns succinctly but also actively listen to colleagues and supervisors, fostering an atmosphere of mutual respect and collaboration.
The nuances of verbal and non-verbal cues add layers of complexity; a nod, a gesture, or even a pause can carry significant meaning in this dynamic setting. Beyond mere exchanges, strong communication involves problem-solving conversations and conflict resolution, ensuring that every team member feels heard and valued.
Training programs should emphasize these skills, incorporating role-playing scenarios and real-life examples to prepare workers for the intricacies of on-site communication. By honing these abilities, employees contribute not only to the success but also to the collective efficiency and safety of the entire operation.
In conclusion, equipping mine site workers with essential skills is crucial for ensuring not only their safety but also the overall efficiency and productivity of mining operations. By focusing on comprehensive training programs that cover operational procedures, emergency response, and safety protocols, companies can foster a culture of safety and competence among their workforce.
One pivotal component of this training is the Mine Site Safety Supervisor course, which prepares individuals to take on leadership roles in maintaining safe work environments. Ultimately, investing in these essential skills not only enhances individual performance but also contributes significantly to the long-term success of mining operations.
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We’ve provided information below to give you insight into a number of dental related matters. We hope it is helpful.
Just click any subject below to reveal more details…
If you’d like to know more about anything at all, just get in touch!
Tooth whitening (bleaching) is a totally painless and simple process which will make your teeth lighter and brighter and will give you something extra to smile about.
The process is completed in the comfort of your own home and usually takes about two weeks although results can be seen in just a few days.
This treatment can also be used to change the colour of individual teeth and in many cases can be an alternative to veneers or crowns. Ask your dentist if this treatment would be suitable for you when you are next in the practice.
When you lose one or more teeth and you want to replace them but don’t want to wear a denture a bridge may be the answer.
A bridge is a false tooth or maybe a few teeth which are attached to adjacent teeth to act as a permanent replacement. Once cemented into position you clean and brush it like a natural tooth and it doesn’t need a plate to hold it in place.
Archaeological evidence shows that the first bridges were constructed thousands of years ago by the Egyptians who used fine gold wire to fasten human or animal teeth and white stones onto their other teeth to fill spaces. Modern bridges you will be pleased to know have come on a fair way since then and it is now often possible to replace a missing tooth in such a way as to make it impossible to tell.
There are many variations of bridges, most conventional bridges are held in place by a crown or crowns on adjacent teeth but there is a type called a Maryland bridge which is simply bonded into place with a resin cement. The advantage of this is that it is simple, inexpensive and doesn’t involve preparing other teeth but it is only really suitable for front teeth and it isn’t as strong as the conventional type of bridge.
If this idea appeals to you, ask us to investigate if you would be a suitable candidate.
Ancient Egyptians used fine gold wire to fasten animal teeth into their mouths to fill gaps! In recent years things have moved on!!
Good tooth brushinq techniques
The average ftime that people brush their teeth for is 45 seconds, and it is totally ineffective.
Electric tooth brushinq
We recommend electric tooth brushes as the best method.
They have a very efficient cleaning actiocarder models have a two minute timer, that ensures the teeth are brushed for long enough.
The technique is very different from that for manual tooth brushing. Just put the brush in contact with the tooth-gum margin and follow the contour of the tooth round to the next one.
Let the brush do the work for you. Brush each tooth individually, not as a “row of teeth”. Ask for a demonstration next time you are in the practice.
Manual tooth brushinq
The technique we recommend is called the Bass mini scrub technique.
This involves carefully placing the bristles on the gum margin, pointing 45 degrees up for upper teeth or down for lower teeth, and gently but firmly move the brush backwards and forwards, no more than a centimetre at a time, keeping the bristles in contact with the gum margin.
After a few seconds of this carefully roll the bristles away from the gum edge then start again with your toothbrush centred on the next tooth.
Gradually work your way around your mouth. Inside and out, top and bottom.
As a private practice we are able to spend the time necessary to provide you with the highest quality of treatment and advice.
At your initial consultation appointment we will almost always be able to provide you with a detailed written estimate of any dental treatment, which may be necessary. In more complex cases we may require a couple of appointments to fully investigate the treatment options and discuss the costs and implications with you.
Because we do not rush you in and out of the surgery, you can expect to be at the practice for about half an hour on your first visit.
We will also ask you to fill in a confidential medical history form, which we will normally post to you when you book your appointment.
Once we have completed any initial treatment required we generally recommend Denplan care to help you improve your long term dental health and as an excellent way to budget for any future costs. Along with this we recommend regular check-ups every three, six or twelve months to enable us to detect minor problems before they become major ones which means treatment is kept to a minimum. We believe very strongly in regular monitoring of your total oral health. We will advise you of the recall interval we feel is appropriate for you.
We will only start treatment with your consent and usually only because it is urgent.
We do not rush you in and out of the surgery. You can expect to be at the practice for about half an hour on your first visit.
One of the most common problems we encounter in modern dentistry is how to treat a cracked tooth.
With today’s lifestyles of eating healthy foods (muesli, granary bread, etc) with lots of hard bits in it, high stress working environments (many of us grind our teeth, often at night as a stress relieving habit) and the way we now retain our habit) and the way we now retain our teeth longer, often for life.
This means lots of often heavily filled and weakened teeth enduring heavy strains and workloads for many years. It is hardly surprising that cracked teeth become a problem, normally starting from the third decade of life.
Many teeth have superficial cracks in them which are visible but of no consequence.
These are thought to be caused by thermal cycling. (Hot drinks then cold air or ice cream, throughout your life.) However if the crack becomes deeper and enters the dentine layer, symptoms will occur. This happens mainly in back teeth. It may start as sensitivity to hot and cold things, or pain when biting crunchy things.
The treatment is to reinforce the tooth across the line of the crack. This may be done by use of a white (bonded) filling, or a crown.
If the crack is severe it may injure the pulp (nerve) within the tooth and cause an abscess. At this stage the tooth may require a root filling.
Ultimately the crack may propagate right through the tooth causing a fracture of one or more cusps and depending upon the depth of the fracture this may result in the tooth becoming unrestorable.
Although most cracked teeth can be treated simply and successfully, a small number (10%) will cause persistent problems and will ultimately require extraction.
Cracked teeth are unpredictable and it often takes a lot of time and effort to diagnose and treat them successfully.
What are composite fillings?
These are an alternative to conventional silver fillings. In the right place they are hard wearing and look like a natural tooth.
Advantages of composite fillings
- A moderate sized white filling can increase the strength of the remaining tooth making it less likely to fracture in the future.
- They look better than conventional silver fillings, in fact in some cases they can be virtually indistinguishable from natural tooth.
- In some cases the better thermal insulation provided by non-metal fillings can make a tooth less sensitive.
Disadvantages of Composite fillings
- White fillings may not be suitable if the cavity is too big.
- Proper placement requires the site to be kept isolated of saliva. This can be difficult in very large cavities near the back of the mouth.
- They are not suitable if the cavity is deep enough to go below gum level.
- White fillings take longer to place.
Our practice policy is to use white fillings in cases where we would expect them to last at least as well as a silver amalgam filling but not if we feel the result may be compromised by moisture control or other clinical factors. This sometimes means we have to make a final decision when the filling is being placed.
Your monthly Denplan Essentials payment will give you a 10% discount of our filling fees.
What is a dental crown?
A crown (often called a cap) is a tooth shaped covering that encases the tooth on which it is cemented. Crowns are used generally when the damage or decay is so extensive that filling materials cannot make the tooth strong enough. They can also be used to improve the appearance of teeth. They are a long lasting and durable way to restore a tooth.
How are crowns prepared and fitted?
A crown is provided over two visits. At the first appointment the tooth is filed down to make room for the crown. An impression of the tooth is then taken and a temporary crown is placed. The impression is then sent to the dental laboratory for construction of thev permanent crown, which generally takes about two weeks. At the second appointment the temporary crown is removed and the newly constructed permanent crown is cemented onto the previously prepared tooth.
There are many different types of crown available with differing aesthetic and physical properties. We will always explain the choice of material we wish to use for your teeth and allow you to make the final decision.
Very strong even when in thin section.
Aesthetic but fragile. Only for front teeth.
Quite good aesthetics and fairly strong. A good standard restoration.
High strength ceramic
Strong and beautiful but expensive.
What is a denture?
A denture is a removable replacement for missing teeth. It is made from acrylic resin (a type ofhard plastic) sometimes incombination with various metals.Complete dentures replace all the teeth whilst partial dentures replace some missing teeth and prevent the remaining teeth from moving.
Dentures can improve chewing ability, speech, and provide support for the facial muscles. They are also important in maintaining and improving appearance.
Newer materials now available can restore appearance so that others cannot tell you are wearing dentures.
How are they constructed?
Dentures usually require about 4 or 5 surgery visits.
Initial impressions are taken of your teeth and gums and plaster models are made in the dental laboratory.
The dental technician then makes a wax rim for the dentist to register how you bite. This is returned to the lab and it tells the Botox technician how your top and bottom jaws meet. It will also give him/her information on how much tooth you will show and how your lips are supported. It is often a good idea to bring and old photo of how your teeth looked before you lost them.
Teeth are then added to the wax and tried in the mouth to gauge appearance and fit. We will check first for technical accuracy then let you see how the new denture looks. If you have any concerns about the appearance please let us know at this stage and we can change things very simply. A further try-in stage may be required.
The denture is now finished in the laboratory and is ready to be fitted… You go away wearing it Subsequent visits may be necessary for adjustments as the dentures “bed in”.
It is particularly true in children but also with adults, if you are having problems with tooth decay it is probably your diet that is at fault.
To take this further it is not only what you eat and drink but the way you consume it. We are all aware that sugar, cakes and sweets are bad for our teeth but there are many other less obvious foods which can cause decay.
Tooth decay occurs when we eat and drink incorrect foods but the risk of decay increases if we eat them frequently. This means opening a packet of sweets and eating one every few minutes throughout the day will cause more decay than if we eat the whole packet all at once. Just half a tsp of sugar in hot drinks throughout the day still creates an increased risk of decay.
We recommend that food or drink which is likely to cause tooth decay is eaten straight after main meals. This cuts down the amount of times food is eaten which will result in less decay.
There are no safe snacks in between meals, milk or still water are the only safe drinks. Diet soft drinks are extremely acidic so even though they contain no sugar they are just as harmful as the regular type of drink. Even natural fruit juice and cordials are extremely harmful!
I often look at what people have in their shopping trolleys at supermarkets for the weekly shopping and I am stunned by the quantity of soft drinks, biscuits and sweets most families consume. The British Dental Health Foundation estimated that a tax of just 2% on this sort of product would fully fund private dental health care for the entire population of the UK. How much do you spend on this sort of product?
When our first permanent molar teeth come through at approximately age six you can see a pattern of grooves and fissures on the biting surface. In many cases these are the weakest part of the tooth. In conjunction with the limited cleaning abilifies of the average six year old and the sweet diet that children often have, these fissures are generally the first part of a tooth to decay and need filling.
To protect this weak part of the tooth, we can bond a thin layer of plastic over the fissure. This prevents the bacteria and sugary foods from getting into the fissure and causing decay. Once the tooth has been sealed it should be monitored regularly to check its integrity. Fissure sealants can reduce the occurrence of decay by up to 80%.
Placing a fissure sealant is a quick and painless way of protecting a tooth. It is normally done shortly after the tooth erupts and requires some cooperation from the patient so may not be possible for all children.
Gum disease effects 99.9% of the population at sometime in their lives. Left untreated it may develop into Periodontal disease which may result in the loosening and loss of healthy teeth. Plaque is a soft film of millions of bacteria which grow in the mouth. It is extremely sticky and white in colour which makes it difficult to see against white teeth. Plaque collects and sticks around the gum line where the gum meets the tooth.
If plaque is not brushed away at LEAST once in 24 hours, then it produces toxins which cause the gums to become inflamed, red, swollen and sometimes painful. Gums will bleed when brushed, this is known as gingivitis. The Plaque will then begin to harden and form calculus (tartar) this cannot be removed with a toothbrush and you will need a scale and polish which your dentist/hygienist will do for you.
At this stage gingivitis is reversible and with good teeth cleaning techniques and effective removal of plaque taught by your dentist/hygienist the gums will become healthy (pink with no bleeding on brushing) within a few days.
Our Hygienists our professionally trained in the role of prevention and treatment of tooth decay and gum disease for adults and children.
As dental therapists they will advise you on teeth cleaning techniques and dietary advice which is tailored to your specific needs. This will involve a combination of electric and manual tooth brushing and the use of dental floss or inter-dental brushes to clean even the most inaccessible spaces.
In the surgery the hygienist will scale and may polish your teeth to remove stains and tartar (calculus) build up which cannot be removed with your toothbrush.
Measurement of gum recession will often be recorded to monitor the progress of any gum disease in your mouth. The hygienist can apply Fissure sealants (thin plastic coatings) to weak surfaces of teeth, especially for children, to help prevent cavities.
No matter how hard we try to save your teeth and no matter how well you look after them, sometimes teeth need to be extracted. When this happens one option to replace the tooth is to insert an implant into the jaw and then fit to crown over this.
An implant is a titanium screw which is placed into the bone of the jaw in a simple surgical procedure. The bone then heals around the implant until it is held fast. Then the top of the implant can be exposed and a crown may be fitted. Some of the advantages of implants are that they replace the root of the tooth not just the crown therefore a better gum contour can sometimes be achieved than with conventional methods.
Modern implants have a very high success rate. Implants retain the bone around an extraction socket. Best results are often obtained by placing the implant within a few months of the extraction.
Possible disadvantages are complicated to complete and are correspondingly expensive. They are not necessarily suitable to replace multiple lost teeth. They need excellent oral hygiene to maintain them.
They are not suitable if you srnoke. In some parts of the mouth there are other anatomical structures which prevent the placement of an implant.
An inlay is a type of filling made in the laboratory. They have been made from gold for many years however more recently they have been fabricated from high strength porcelain materials.
Gold inlays are the strongest type of filling and this is sometimes important.
Porcelain inlays again are very strong [although not as strong as gold] and can sometimes be used in situations where a conventional white filling cannot be used. They are very aesthetic and can make a heavily filled tooth look like new again.
They do however take two visits to complete and since they are made in a laboratory they are considerably more expensive than the more usual type of filling.
(pronounced LY-ken PLANE-us)
What is it?
Lichen Planus in the mouth can affect the inside of the cheeks, the tongue or the gums. Usually it appears as white lines or patches, which are occasionally sore, but severe cases can lead to raw, red areas or ulcers, which may be painful. It is relatively common and occurs most often in middle aged adults (slightly more women then men).
It is not a progressive condition and although it may persist for several years, it usually becomes less active with time, eventually burning itself out.
In about 1 in 5 people with oral lichen planus the skin is also affected, with itchy purplish scaly patches, particularly inside the wrists and ankles. It may affect the genital area as well.
What causes it?
The exact cause is unknown, although sometimes certain medications can cause a reaction similar to lichen planus. Otherwise it is thought to be “immune related” I.e. the white blood cells attack normal parts of the skin or mucous membranes (instead of responding just to injury or infection).
Because it is not an infection, it is not contagious. It is not a cancer, it does not appear to be inherited and it is not directly related to nutrition.
What make it worse?
- Certain foods e.g. wines/spirits, citrus juices, coffee, cola and spicy/crispy foods.
- Mild trauma, such as rubbing on sharp teeth or fillings.
- Poor oral hygiene.
- Contact with amalgam fillings (not proved).
It is usual to confirm clinical diagnosis with a biopsy. This sometimes reveals a fungal infection, which requires anti fungal medication before a re biopsy will detect underlying lichen planus. It also provides a baseline for any changes seen in the future. (blood tests may be taken).
Biopsy is minor procedure carried out in the department using local anaesthetic to numb the area to be sampled, after which dissolvable sutures are placed. Occasionally the healing areas can be quite painful for several days, so we recommend that you don’t plan any important activities during this time and suggest using painkillers and mouthwashes as necessary.
Mouth Cancer during Lockdown
If you are worried that you have mouth cancer, get in touch with us immediately. Referrals for mouth cancer are still available and we will be able to give you all sorts of advice and help to come to an understanding of your problem.
Signs and symptoms to look out for are:
- A non-healing ulcer in your mouth. If an ulcer hasn’t healed after 3 weeks, it is considered suspicious. (not an ulcer caused by a sore denture or a sharp edge of a filling or broken tooth)
- A red, white or speckled patch on the mucosa. This includes the gums, tongue, roof of your mouth, cheek linings and lips.
- A thickening or lump in your mouth
- Difficulty or pain with chewing, swallowing or speaking
- A lump in your neck
- Sudden unexplained weight loss
- Bleeding or numbness in your mouth
If you experience any of these please contact us as soon as possible. We will arrange a remote consultation immediately.
You may want to look here for more information. This is a reputable source.
Mouth Cancer Facts
Mouth cancer can develop in any part of the mouth including the tongue, gums, tonsils, lining of the mouth, lips and upper part of the throat.
The early signs of mouth cancer can often be seen. When changes are found early there is a very good chance of a cure. This page tells you about the changes to look out for and who is most at risk.
Who is most at risk?
Our lifestyle choices have a big effect on our risk of mouth cancer.
The most important causes of mouth cancer are…
- smoking tobacco (cigarettes, cigars, pipes)
- regularly drinking large amount of alcohol
- chewing tobacco or betel nut
People who use tobacco and drink too much alcohol have the highest risk of mouth cancer. Up to three-quarters of mouth cancers are caused this way.
Mouth cancer is more common in men than women and is rare in people under the age of 40.
Early detection saves lives
It is important to notice changes inside your mouth. Tell your doctor or dentist if they last longer than three weeks. Early treatment is simpler and more effective and many people can be cured.
What should I look out for?
Look for the following changes. They may not be painful but you should still see your doctor or dentist if they last longer than three weeks.
The most common signs of mouth cancer are…
- an ulcer or sore in your mouth or on your tongue
- a red or white patch in your mouth
- an unexplained pain in your mouth or ear
Other signs to look out for are…
- an unexplained lump in your neck
- a sore or painful throat
- a croaky voice or difficulty swallowing
If you notice any of these changes and they last longer than three weeks, tell your doctor or dentist without delay. Usually they are not caused by cancer but it is better to play safe.
Checking your mouth
Sometimes the early signs of mouth cancer do not cause pain or discomfort but they can be seen. So it is important to check your mouth for any of the changes.
From time to time, spend a few moments in front of the mirror looking in your mouth. Check your tongue, gums, lining of your cheeks, lips, under your tongue and the roof of your mouth. But remember your dentist can easily check the parts you cannot see.
Your dentist can help
Dentists have special training to help them identify health problems and are often the first to spot early changes in their patients. As part of a regular examination, dentists check for the early warning signs of mouth cancer. They will refer patients with suspect changes to hospital.
There are many different mouthwashes and generally we do not recommend you to use a mouthwash since they are of debatable value and are an expensive way to freshen your breath. There are however some specific situations where therapeutic mouthwashes can benefit.
Colgate Fluorigard, Plax and Mcleans iviouthguard are some examples. We recommend you Talk to either the Dentist or Hygienist about these mouthwashes. Also try the Alcohol Free alternative. These are of benefit if you are at particular risk from decay (cavities).
This may be due to an unsuitable diet, congenitally weak teeth, or more often factors such as poor ability to clean your teeth (arthritis, broken arm, stroke etc.) or gum recession which exposes the roots of your teeth which gum recession which exposes the roots of your teeth which are more susceptible to decay.
Usually you should change the cause [if possible] as well as using the mouthwash.
Listerine, Listermint, Freshbreath, etc. We recommend don’t bother! The effect of these is very transient; they are of NO benefit in removing plaque and helping to clean your teeth. In effect they make you feel you are doing something and make your teeth feel clean although they are not That slippery clean feeling is achieved by the use of detergent. It does not clean your teeth.
If you want to freshen your breath and can’t manage to clean your teeth with a brush try SUGAR FREE GUM & MINTS OR SUGAR FREE STRIPS. However do not be under the impression that you are cleaning your teeth!
Therapeutic Chlorhexidine Gluconate:
This is the only mouthwash which has any significant action against the bacteria in your mouth. Daily use is highly effective to prevent and control all types of gum disease, however, it also causes severe staining of your teeth. Therefore we recommend that you only use it when we advise you to and for short periods only
Hydrogen Peroxide mouthwash which is effective against many bacteria which cause gum disease. It is only a “help” as correct cleaning techniques are far more important for the control of gum disease.
Try Sensodyne gentle, Gel Kam or Duraphat toothpaste. These are all high fluoride products which reduce sensitivity when used on a regular basis. However we do not recommend you to use Sensodyne or similar products on a regular basis unless you discuss it with us first. Click here to find out more about Sensitivity.
If gingivitis is left untreated it may develop into periodontitis. Periodontitis has all the symptoms/signs of gingivitis but deteriorates further as plague bacteria slides down the tooth root, underneath the gum and starts to rot away at the bone which holds the tooth in.
This causes the gum to split away from the tooth and form deep pockets which may result in gum abscesses, gum shrinkage (recession) and finally loose or drifting teeth.
Tooth roots will become exposed making them more susceptible to root decay and sensitivity.
You are at an increased risk to gum disease if you smoke, are stressed or take some prescribed medications which are known to irritate gums.
Treatment of Periodontitis
As periodontitis becomes worse it is important to establish the seriousness of the disease.
Your dentist/hygienist will measure the gum pockets so the progress of deterioration of the disease can be monitored. Treatment of periodontifis involves education, enabling you to effectively clean plague bacteria from the base of deep pockets ONCE A DAY.
Then your dentist/hygienist will clean and scale the teeth and all exposed root surfaces in order to remove calculus from above and below the gum line. This calculus is rough and traps live plague bacteria which will cause further disease.
It is possible to halt the progress of possible to halt the progress of periodontifis up to a point, but if too much bone is eaten away this is much bone is eaten away this is irreversible and will result in tooth loss.
What is a root filling and why might I need one?
A root filling is required when the nerve in a tooth dies. This may happen for a number of reasons. The nerve often dies in heavily filled teeth, or if a tooth is knocked in an accident. Teeth with big cavities or broken teeth may also cause the nerve to die, this often, but not always, presents as an abscess with pain and for swelling. At this point you will need either a root filling or extraction of the affected tooth.
A root filling is the process by which the dentist removes the dead or dying nerve from the centre of a tooth (root canal) then cleans, files and shapes the root canal to get rid of any infected or potentially infected material. Then fills it with an inert, radiopaque root filling (usually gutta percha, which is a rubbery material).
Once this has been completed the tooth is ready for a filling or a crown to rebuild it to full form and function. Root filled teeth tend to be rather brittle so a crown is often the preferred restoration since this can re-enforce the tooth to some extent.
This is one of the most common types of dental treatment. The intention is to remove all of the build up of plaque (live bacteria) and calculus (the calcified remains of dead bacteria) from your teeth. Unless this is done your teeth and gums will remain infected and may develop gingivitis or periodontitis.
In most cases we will use a sonic or ultrasonic scaler to do this. These instruments can quickly and effectively remove all the debris from your teeth and will leave a smooth and clean surface which can restore the health of your gums. These instruments use effects called cavitation and micro-streaming to clean. These are techniques which are used in many other processes in a wide range of scale from cleaning barnacles off the hulls of ships to cleaning the inside of delicate laboratory instruments. It is a very effective but also very delicate way of cleaning your teeth.
Traditional hand scaling may sometimes be used for particular individual situations but hand instruments do not flush away the debris as well and will not be able to remove calculus as efficiently as mechanical devices.
We will sometimes polish your teeth to remove superficial stain and soft plaque. We may decide not to polish your teeth if no stain is present and especially if you suffer from sensitivity or abrasion.
Sensitivity is the single most common problem in dentistry. At some point in our lives we will all suffer from sensitivity.
Sensitivity may range from mild (it is normal to feel the cold if you eat ice-cream or in severe weather) to the extreme. (You may suffer severe pain from drinking a lukewarm beverage or when brushing your teeth.)
The most common cause is receding gums. This can be caused by gum disease or by brushing your teeth too hard. When the gum recedes it exposes dentine which may be very sensitive to hot, cold or sweet stimuli. Treatment is to apply a variety of desensitising materials until the pain reduces and eventually goes away. You must also stop the cause of sensitive teeth or the problem will return. If it returns it means you have treated the symptom but not the cause.
This may mean changing to a more suitable toothbrush, changing your brushing or flossing technique or changing the toothpaste you use. Your dentist or hygienist will be happy to advise on your individual requirements.
Sensitivity can also be caused by a cavity developing in one of your teeth or by a very deep or broken filling, a failing crown or a cracked tooth can also cause sensitivity. If the nerve in a tooth starts to die and form an abscess the first symptom may be sensitivity.
If you suffer from persistent sensitivity ask your dentist to investigate it with you. You don’t need to put up with it!
In most cases sensitivity is easy to treat however sensitivity may be the first sign of an abscess developing.
Silver Amalgam fillings have been used in dozens of countries around the world for over a century.
Amalgam is a very well tolerated material and has been amazingly successful over this period of time.
There have been some concerns raised in recent years about the safety of amalgam, since it contains mercury. However there is no independent authorative evidence to suggest that there is a link between silver fillings and mercury toxicity. This is despite the fact that there are millions of amalgam fillings in the UK alone, and that these have been present in some cases for many decades.
Having said that, I still prefer to use non mercury fillings where they are suitable, however this is not always possible and I personally adopt a common sense approach to the issue. If a white filling can be used I will use it, if for clinical reasons it is not suitable I will use amalgam. This is the same rationale I apply to myself if ever I need one of my fillings replacing.
If you feel strongly about this matter please discuss it with us and we will try to come to a treatment plan which will accommodate your concerns. This however may involve using porcelain or gold inlays or crowns instead of a simple filling, where necessary.
You will be surprised how much sugar there is in seemingly “savoury” foods compared to obviously sweet foods… Here are a few examples.
1 Packet of Oxtail Soup = 6 tsp of sugar
1 Tin of Tomato Soup = 2 tsp of sugar
1 Tin of Baked Beans = 4 tsp of sugar
1 Tin of Sweetcorn = 3 tsp of sugar
4 tbl of Muesli = 3 tsp of sugar
1 Glass of Lucozade = 7 tsp of sugar
This is exactly the same as refined sugar and will still cause decay in your teeth. Natural sugar occurs in all fruit.
The other problem with many foods is that they are naturally acidic. This means they cause damage to your teeth even more quickly than sugary foods. You can measure the acidity of a product by the PH value, the lower the PH the higher the acidity. Here are a few examples. Anything less than 5.4 causes damage to your teeth. Having acidic drinks at mealtimes makes them less harmful and continuous sipping is more harmful than consuming the whole drink at once. Drinking through a straw can also reduce the contact between the acidic drink and your teeth. It is also good practice to rinse your mouth with water when you have finished drinking soda.
Lemonade, orangeade, cola, etc.
(sugar and sugar free) PH 2.7-3.2
Sugar free whole orange drink
E.g. apple, mixed fruit, rosehip and hibiscus PH 3.0-3.2
Still PH 7.6
Sparkling PH 5.4
Lager/Bitter PH 4.0
Red Wine PH 2.5
Cider PH 3.2
Every time you eat or drink anything containing sugar or anything acidic, it damages your teeth. How much damage depends on the frequency and how resilient your teeth are.
There is a bewildering array of toothbrushes available today, which one is right for you?
- A small head- most of us will naturally choose a toothbrush with a large head. This is the first mistake. About 2 cm long is the best length for most people with an average size mouth ranging up to 3cm if you have a large mouth.
- An oval head without any sharp edges to catch your gums.
- A handle that fits comfortably into your hand.
- Most importantly the correct bristles…
“Soft” or “Natural” bristles can’t remove the build up of plaque from your teeth. “Hard” bristles will damage the delicate gums and cause recession. This leaves us with “Medium” bristles. These must always be nylon and we find that most reputable manufacturers use the same stiffness of bristles for all their main range of brushes.
Again, ask your dentist or hygienist which toothbrush is right for you.
We are very keen on using electric rechargeable toothbrushes.
They produce a vigorous but controlled cleaning action which can’t be improved upon by manual brushing.
Whilst many people clean their teeth excellently with a conventional toothbrush we feel it is easier, faster and more sustainable to get the cleanest teeth with an electric brush.
Ask us for a recommendation next time you are in the practice.
We sell a wide range of manual and electric toothbrushes at prices that always compare very favourably with the high street.
Why do we need to take x-rays?
We may sometimes want to take one or more x-rays of your mouth. This is to give us important extra information, for example to spot decay underneath old crowns or fillings or to assist with completing a successful root filling.
How often do we take x-rays?
How often we will want to take x-rays will depend on a variety of factors. Usually we would need them at your first visit to the practice or if you have not been for a long time. After that we assess how much of a risk of decay your teeth are and take some x-rays to monitor progress about every 6 month to 3 years. We will always need x-rays to enable us to carry out root fillings or the removal of wisdom teeth and we also need a recent x-ray before preparing a tooth for a crown or bridge.
Many patients are concerned about their exposure to x-rays at the dentist and we too share this concern which is why we limit the number x-rays we take to a minimum and only to obtain essential information.
We use the latest x-ray equipment which is checked monthly and certified every 15 months to ensure that it complies with current legislation. This means that the lowest possible x-ray dose is used every time we take a film.
- We use very narrow beam (only 6 cm wide) so only the area we are interested in is exposed.
- The x-rays beam is filtered so that all the ‘soft’ harmful radiation is removed, since we only need the ‘hard’ relatively harmless radiation for x-rays of teeth.
- The X-ray “dose” from one small film is about the same as you get from 6 hours background radiation. (The natural radiation you experience all day, everyday, wherever you are.)
We use the latest x-ray equipment which is checked and certified every 15 months.
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Life during the Middle Ages was hard. People were always at war. Therefore, castles were built to protect people from their enemies.
The castle was the home of a lord and his family. It was also the home of the soldiers. The soldiers were there to protect the castle, the load and his family. They also protected the village from attack. The castle was also the prison and the treasure house. It was even the center of local government.
Most castles were built on a hill or high ground. This made the castle easy to defend. A moat ( a deep ditch filled with water) was built around the castle. A drawbridge, which could be raised and lowered with winches and chains, lay across the moat.
During the Middle Ages, most castles were built in the shape of a square. They had a large tower in each corner. These towers were usually made of stone. A thick stone wall ran from tower to tower and formed an area called the inner ward. A large central tower was called the keep. This was always the very strongest part of the castle. The load and his family lived on the upper floors of the keep. The soldiers lived on the lower levels. The keep had many secret rooms and getaway passages. It was here, in the keep, that all the village people would hide during times of great danger. There were many underground tunnels leading to the keep. The other towers were used for the prison. The great hall was the place for town meetings. The kitchen and bake shop were also part of the castle.
The space outside the towers and wall was called the outer ward. This outer ward was surrounded by another wall. This second wall also ran around the whole village. The top of this wall had a walk for the soldiers and battlements (high stone shields). From behind the battlements the soldiers could hide and shoot their arrows and cast stones at the enemy.
At the end of the Middle Ages, castles disappeared. They were replaced by forts. But many rich homes, homes of loads and earls, were still built in the shape of a castle. Castles have always held the interest of people. Even today in European countries the old romantic castles are a big tourist attraction. Many people flock to see these buildings of time.
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In the hot sun, the sandstone layers of the canyon were like melting Neapolitan ice cream, the strawberry of the Jurassic entrada liquifying under the weight of vanilla and chocolate. I followed a slim trail of pink puddles through archways of junipers and found myself in the landscape depicted in Georgia O’Keeffe’s 1940 painting Untitled (Red and Yellow Cliffs), a trippy oil that shows the precipice that towers over her beloved Ghost Ranch topped by a tiny slice of blue sky served à la mode.
A cloud of bushtits led me to a boulder that had calved off the pastel canyon rim. It was rough as sandpaper and festooned with an eight-inch lizard. She basked in the Southwest rays doing push-ups, displaying her fierce black-and-yellow stripes. When she raised her chin, the powder-blue underside contrasted with the pink hue of the boulder, a color combination that haunted me with visions of viral gender-reveal parties.
How did I know that she was a she? I had stumbled across the internet’s “gay icon” of herpetology: the New Mexico whiptail. Over the past decade, Cnemidophorus neomexicanus has become an idol for some queer people, because this species’ members are all female. They reproduce asexually through a process called parthenogenesis and yet still display sexual behaviors like mounting. They’ve thus been dubbed the “leaping lesbian lizard” and inspired art, comics, a Pokémon named Salazzle and shelves of online merchandise — even the name of an ultimate frisbee team at Wellesley College. One sticker sold on Etsy portrays two lizards in the seven colors of the Sunset Lesbian Pride Flag, their tails curled in the shape of a love heart.
Over the past decade, Cnemidophorus neomexicanus has become an idol for some queer people, because this species’ members are all female.
Simply put, parthenogenesis is reproduction without fertilization, Hannah Caracalas, a biologist and board member of the Northern Colorado Herpetological Society, explained. She told me that the process is relatively common in plants, as well as invertebrates such as scorpions, but rare in vertebrates. It does occur in some fish, reptiles and birds; in fact, it was recently observed in a pair of female California condors, though these New World vultures primarily reproduce sexually. Parthenogenesis, however, is well known in certain species of whiptails, including the nearby Colorado checkered whiptail (Cnemidophorus tesselatus), whose reproductive behaviors Caracalas has studied.
“There are a series of hormonal triggers that happen around reproduction time that signal to the female to start producing these eggs,” Caracalas said. “She basically copies her own genetic material and passes it off to her offspring.” This means that the mothers and daughters are all clones of each other — they have identical genetics.
While the lizards reproduce fully on their own, the New Mexico whiptail and Colorado checkered whiptail both engage in pseudocopulation, in which one lizard mounts another, bites, and hooks its leg around the bottom lizard’s body, while the two lizards entwine their tails. “It is thought that that kind of behavior will start stimulating those hormonal triggers that will lead to ovulation,” said Caracalas.
When I found a second whiptail on the south face of the Ghost Ranch boulder, I thought of my dry biology classes in high school and college, and how they were framed through a cisgender and heteronormative bias that excluded the full reality of the natural world: Not all species reproduce via male/female pairs. Many species, in fact, including New Mexico whiptails, lack males altogether, and others, like some marine snails, change genders to mate. This same prejudice has been propagated by everyone from historians and academics to Hollywood producers, who have straight-washed queer people and their relationships, from Susan B. Anthony to the artist Mai-Mai Sze and her partner, Irene Sharaff. Whiptail fans joke on online message boards that the cis-het male biologists of yesteryear must have described the New Mexico whiptail as “a species consisting entirely of good friends and roommates.”
“Our understanding of same-sex sexual behavior in animals has really shifted from when I was a queer youth in the ’80s,” said Karen Warkentin, a professor of biology and gender and sexuality studies at Boston University. In the past, Warkentin added, information about queer biology was “actively suppressed,” and scientists were discouraged from studying it. Today, however, many scientists conduct research without these biases, opening the door to a truer understanding of biology.
Take the common name of the mourning gecko, an all-female parthenogenetic species native to Southeast Asia. According to Reptiles Magazine, it comes from a clicking sound they make at night; biologists assumed that they were “mourning” over never having a male mate. As if. That clicking, along with head-bobbing, is actually a primary form of communication for mourning geckos. A recent study published in Life Sciences Education showed that biases like this in biology courses impacted queer students’ sense of belonging and career preparation. By erasing the truth of diverse genders and orientations in nature, this bias helps bigots spread the lie that queerness in humans is “unnatural,” an errant choice. It’s reminiscent of today’s book bans, which label queer texts as profane in a homophobic effort to skew how we view the world.
One of the first things that they teach you in a college biology course is that there’s always exceptions to the rule and that nothing ever fits into nice, neat boxes.
But today’s scientists are studying and communicating nature to the public as it is. Caracalas, who has been a lizard lover her entire life, said she discovered that she was a lesbian around the same time she began studying the Colorado checkered whiptail. Observing the lizards in the field brought her immense joy at a formative time. “Biology has been used as such a weapon against (queer people),” she said. “But ironically, one of the first things that they teach you in a college biology course is that there’s always exceptions to the rule and that nothing ever fits into nice, neat boxes.”
Warkentin believes that the New Mexico whiptail inspires the LGBTQ+ community partly because its complex biology has been studied and communicated so effectively by scientists. For me, learning about New Mexico whiptails has not only anchored me more firmly to the high desert landscape we shared that afternoon, but given me yet another example of how the natural world can shatter human prejudices. In short, these lizards have radicalized me.
Miles W. Griffis is a writer and journalist based in Southern California. He writes “Confetti Westerns,” a serial column at High Country News that explores the queer natural and cultural histories of the American Southwest.
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Refugees, in order to survive, have been forced to flee their countries throughout history. Such was the case with five year old Stephanie and her 9 year old sister who fled Nazi Germany in 1938. Born of a Jewish father, their mother put them on a kindertransport, a train for children refugees that would take them from Vienna to England. They weren’t alone – nearly 10,000 primarily Jewish children – were welcomed into the United Kingdom.
Stephanie, of course, had no understanding of what was going on, what this England place was or why she and her sister were sent there. What she came to realize is that the foster family who took them in, helped save them from the holocaust. Even at a young age, this fact would have a major impact on Stephanie’s life. Having been saved through the generosity of total strangers, she became determined to show that her life had been worth saving. That she would certainly do.
She had an interest in science and a particular passion for mathematics. Those subjects weren’t readily available to females in those days – but she was determined to pursue her desired studies. Performing well on assessments, she was allowed to take several courses in math and science at the local school for boys. Upon graduating, she went to work rather than pursue a university education given the limited science curriculums available.
Instead, she went to work at the Post Office Research Station. There, she helped to build computers from scratch and programmed them using machine programming. At the same time, she pursued a mathematics degree in night school. She moved to the private sector, going to work for CDL Ltd., a computer development company. It was there that she first experienced the ‘glass ceiling’. It was the 1950’s. She would not tolerate being hugged or pinched – behavior that was deemed ‘normal’ at that time. More so, she realized that she had advanced as far as she ever would – entirely because of her gender.
By 1962, she was married, and with the full support and encouragement of her husband, decided to start her own business. Her concept was truly unique and well ahead of its time. Her company would sell software, a concept considered foolish by most. In those days, software was given away as an inducement to purchase the hardware. Stephanie knew there was an evolving need for custom software. Hers would be a company of women – bright, talented and smart – who, like herself, stayed home to raise children. With that, she launched Freelance Programmers. She pioneered flexible scheduling and embraced a ‘trust the staff’ approach.
As a female, she faced challenges which no male had to deal with. After discussion with her husband, she began to use the name Steve in her business dealings. Letters were answered. Doors were opened. The surprise that he was a she, quickly evaporated when business needs were met. The company’s output required extensive coding. Programming was in its infancy at that time which resulted in the company and its employees becoming coding trailblazers. It was this team of women that created the first ‘black box’ for the Concorde.
Stephanie – Steve – decided to give 25% of the company to her staff, at no cost to them. In 1975, Britain passed an Equal Employment Opportunity law, which had the ironic consequence of forcing Steve to hire men – but only highly qualified men. The company continued to grow. By 1996, this female owned company started with ‘bizarre concepts’ was valued at $3 billion. Seventy of the staff had become millionaires as the result of the ownership stake they were given. Those results were realized because Dame Stephanie ‘Steve’ Shirley is a fearless brand.
Fearless Brands are both determined and persistent
What an incredible legacy Dame Shirley would have created if the story were to end there – it doesn’t. Steve, as she very comfortably goes by today, was nowhere near finished with her life’s purpose. She and her husband had a son, Giles. At the age of two and a half, he changed into an unmanageable toddler and lost what little speech he had. It was then that Giles was diagnosed as profoundly autistic.
Giles became the first resident in the first house in the first charity that Steve created. She became a pioneer in the development of services to support autism. She went on to start more homes, schools, research facilities – whatever she could do to fill any gap in services for the autistic. Most recently, she’s started a three year think tank on autism. Giles died in 1998. Steve’s love for her son and her commitment to address the impact of autism have not – and will not – waver.
The Oxford Internet Institute (OII) is another of Steve’s initiatives. Its mission is to study the social, economic, legal and ethical ramifications of the internet. OII is a department of the University of Oxford which is committed to the social science of the internet and is focused on research, teaching and policy.
Today, Dame Shirley is 82 years old. Her determination and persistence are as strong as ever. She is truly a fearless brand and someone from whom we can learn a great deal
Embrace what drives you – Dame Shirley enthusiastically embraced her new country, becoming a patriotic citizen of Great Britain. She has an appreciation for the generosity of strangers and a country which open its arms to people in need which as she says “Only someone who’s lost their human rights, can understand”. She was able to discover her purpose in life at a very early age – prove that hers was a life worth saving. Do you know what drives you? Do you know your purpose? If so, embrace it every day – if not, find the key which will unlock that power.
Make yourself invaluable – She half-jokingly says that she has no fear of ever being lost, because if she went missing “several charities would quickly come to find me.” Be so committed to what you do – to your purpose – that your absence couldn’t go unnoticed. Doing so isn’t difficult when you know your purpose – when you embrace your passion.
The magic is in making things happen – Ideas are great says Steve. What’s essential, however, is making it happen. That takes a relentless energy, strong self-belief and determination. It requires courage and a willingness to accept failure – on your path to success. If you know your purpose, but aren’t ‘making it happen’, you need to either reignite your energy or redirect your efforts.
What an amazing gift the world received when a young refugee was welcomed by a country and embraced by strangers. You can’t replicate exactly the ground-breaking and innovative path that Stephanie ‘Steve’ Shirley blazed. You may not become worth $1.5 billion or even live to 82 and beyond. But you can learn from her, adopt her traits, be inspired by her and build yourself into a fearless brand.
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"And the light shines on in the darkness, but the darkness has not mastered it." John 1:5
Depression and its affects can be a devastating blow to anyone. It is invasive and can take a person from standing tall in their life to hunched over, mentally and physically, rapidly. It is not our fault when we struggle with depression, but it becomes our responsibility to decide what we will do with it--or won't. Left untreated, depression can cripple us, but there is hope--even the creation can help us battle against depression. But what is depression?
Depression is a mood disorder that can affect people of all ages and backgrounds. It is estimated that over 300 million people worldwide suffer from depression, making it one of the most common mental health conditions.
That is a lot of people doing battle against their depression daily.
While there are many treatment options available, there are some things a person can do on their own that might help when they are struggling. It has been found that something as simple as spending time in sunlight can help alleviate symptoms of depression.
Sunlight is a natural source of vitamin D, a nutrient that plays an important role in regulating mood. When we are exposed to sunlight, our bodies produce vitamin D, which can help boost our mood and reduce symptoms of depression. In fact, research has shown that people with depression are more likely to have low levels of vitamin D.
In addition to its mood-boosting effects, sunlight also helps regulate our circadian rhythms, which can have a big impact on our mood and energy levels. Our circadian rhythms are our body's internal clock, which tells us when to sleep and wake up. When we are exposed to sunlight during the day, it can help regulate our circadian rhythms, which in turn can help improve our mood and energy levels.
***It's important to note that too much sun exposure can also have negative effects on our health, such as increasing our risk of skin cancer. It's important to strike a balance between getting enough sunlight to benefit our mood and overall health, while also protecting our skin from harmful UV rays.
But, that's what life is all about right? Trying to find the balance.
If you're struggling with depression spending more time in sunlight could help. Here are some practical tips to consider when being in the light:
Start small: If you're not used to spending time in sunlight, it's important to start small and gradually build up your exposure. Start with just a few minutes of sunlight each day, and slowly increase your exposure over time.
Protect your skin: Always wear sunscreen and protective clothing when you're spending time in sunlight, especially during peak sun hours.
Find ways to incorporate sunlight into your daily routine: Whether it's taking a walk outside during your lunch break or sitting outside to read a book, finding ways to incorporate sunlight into your daily routine can help improve your mood and overall well-being.
Consider light therapy: If you live in an area with limited sunlight or have difficulty getting outside, light therapy may be an option. Light therapy involves exposure to bright, artificial light, which can help regulate your circadian rhythms and improve your mood.
Find something you enjoy: With depression, it can be difficult to want to do anything. Making time outside coincide with something you have found joy in in the past can help make it easier to get yourself outdoors. You can also weigh the effort it takes to get outside and do your activity with the payoff after you spend your time outside to see the benefit for yourself. Just the doing of things when you are depressed can have a major impact on the level of depression you are experiencing (for more information on this look at Behavioral Activation Therapy).
While sunlight may not be a cure for depression, it can be a helpful tool in managing symptoms and improving our overall well-being. Coordinating other activities such as therapy and doing the things that we don't feel like doing with our time outside can cause a turnaround where there once seemed no hope.
If you're struggling with depression, it's important to talk to a mental health professional and explore all treatment options available to you. Please reach out to The King's Forge Counseling via our contact form at www.thekingsforge.net to set up a time to talk. And don't forget to walk in the light, it will help you see more clearly!
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What is a position statement in law?
The position statement should clearly explain the Respondent’s version of the facts and identify the specific documents and witnesses supporting its position. Address each alleged discriminatory act and your position regarding it and provide copies of documents supporting your position and/or version of the events.
What is a positioning strategy example?
A few examples are positioning by: Product attributes and benefits: Associating your brand/product with certain characteristics or with certain beneficial value. Product price: Associating your brand/product with competitive pricing. Product quality: Associating your brand/product with high quality.
What is a position statement in education?
Position statements are an important tool that NAEYC uses to build understanding and support for significant, often controversial issues related to early childhood education. Based on current evidence from research, theory, and practice, NAEYC position statements are developed through a consensus-building approach.
What is included in a position statement?
WHAT IS A POSITION STATEMENT? viewpoint. The statement should provide a description, with support of evidence of the position that CNSA is taking on the issue and should include a background of the issue. Position statements written for CNSA must reflect the governing objectives and goals of CNSA.
What is the developmentally appropriate practice statement?
Developmentally appropriate practice—that promotes each and every child’s optimal learning and development—is grounded both in the research on child development and learning and in the knowledge base regarding educational effectiveness in early care and education.
What is ARC in special education?
ARC stands for the Admissions and Release Committee. This committee consists of your child’s teacher, a special education teacher, possibly the school’s guidance counselor, the principal, the parent, and any one else who may have an educational interest in your child’s education.
What is the purpose of the arc?
The basics In theory, ARC is supposed to let you have one connection between your TV and whatever you use to create sound: a receiver or a sound bar . You send video to the TV with an HDMI cable, and that same HDMI cable sends audio from the TV back down the same cable.
Who funds the arc?
The national chapter has a budget of approximately $2,000,000, according to Guidestar.org. According to financial statements submitted to the IRS, the organization’s major sources of income are charitable donations; dues for membership in local and state chapters; and government grants, contracts, and fees.
What is the purpose of an ARC meeting?
The ARC decides present levels of educational performance based on review of the most recent evaluation data, as well as parent input and school progress data. Annual Goals and Objectives /Benchmarks – what your child is going to be working on during the school year.
What does ARC stand for in education?
Association for Retarded Citizens. Special Education. ARC. Academic Research Consortium. Medical, Stent, Academic.
What does HDMI ARC stand for?
Audio Return Channel
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ACT for the Human Habitat
To enable coatings that will transform the human habitat, the three ACTs take advantage of the versatility provided by polymers, nanoparticles and their mixtures to create coatings with tailored chemistry, surface texture and function. By imbuing coatings with structure and function via tailored chemistry, surface texture, or by embedding (nano)particles, we design active coating technologies (ACTs) to transform passive surfaces into functional devices. These ACTs address societal needs impacting humanity on a global scale, including access to clean water, prevention of the spread of disease, and the creation and storage of energy. To have maximum impact, we aim to design these active coating technologies to be inexpensive, achievable over large surface areas, and implementable under challenging settings, wherever humans reside. As a central theme, we focus on sites of natural disaster, where clean water, sanitary conditions and energy are in short supply. Our technologies will also have transformative impact in the rehabilitation of old/outdated buildings, making them more self-sustaining and energy-efficient without the need for complete re-construction.
To achieve these goals, we have assembled an international team of scientists and engineers with complementary expertise from the US (Penn, ASU, Villanova, BMC) and GIANT (Grenoble, France) and its six affiliate institutions.
To enable active coatings that will collect and filter water, ACT 1 seeks to understand how the length scales, geometry, and surface energy of hierarchically structured coatings influence equilibrium and non-equilibrium wetting, droplet growth and water transport.
To enable active coating technologies that suppress surface-mediated transmission of disease, ACT 2 aims to relate surface mechanics, texture (ACT 1) and biomolecule density/orientation to the adhesion, proliferation and killing of microorganisms.
Perhaps the most challenging aftermath of a natural disaster is the need for energy in the form of electrical power. ACT 3 is focused on ACTs for light harvesting, energy conversion and storage. ACT 3 develops flexible coatings to enhance solar light collection based on semiconductor and organic-inorganic perovskite nanoparticles doped with rare earth elements. ACT 3 also aims to develop the next generation of solid polymer electrolytes for lithium ion technology.
Five unifying principles integrate the three ACTs to create a unifying environment within which to train scientists and engineers and to enrich our research. The first principle is the commonality of materials and approaches; all three ACTs utilize hybrid, structured coatings comprising polymers, textures and (nano) particles. The second principle is the importance of theory and simulation to guide research by focusing on relevant parameter spaces, for example, appropriate particle type, size, shape, and surface chemistry. This approach will predict the assembled particles/polymers structures that directly impact behavior, including wetting, bacteria adhesion, and energy conversion. The third principle unifying the ACTs is a common need for mechanical characterization and robustness; to be effective, advanced coatings technologies must be robust under environmental stress (strain, humidity, temperature). This is particularly relevant near sites of natural disasters. Promising coatings will undergo in-situ nanomechanical measurements so that structural changes can be correlated with changes in their function. The fourth principle is the novel methods for film characterization afforded by the partnership with GIANT, particularly ILL and ESRF for neutron and x-rays methods, respectively. Of all potential collaborators in the world, GIANT is uniquely positioned as an international partner because of the co-existence of all the necessary expertise and one-of-a-kind facilities in one city and the collaborative atmosphere that already exists among the GIANT-affiliated institutions. The fifth principle is the shared aims to translate our findings into applications in collaboration with our industrial partner, Solvay.
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At the American Translators Association Conference in Washington, DC, I attended a session on Interpreting and Translating for Farmers and Migrant Workers presented by Michelle Pinzl.
This is the target audience of some of my translations, and knowing who we translate for helps us write in a way that our text is understood. When I can, I review the draft of my translation with the target readers.
This post will be a brief overview of Ms. Pinzl’s presentation with some of my conclusions. She has kindly allowed me to share her PowerPoint. Farmers and Migrant Workers Distributed
According to the 2013-14 National Agriculture Workers survey, there are 2.5-3 million agricultural workers.
Data submitted at the attached ATA presentation give the following statistics regarding migrant farm workers:
· 16% identify as migrating
· 84% are seasonal workers
· 73% are foreign born
· 68% were born in Mexico
· 31% said they speak English well
Who is a Limited English Proficient Individual according to the US Federal Government?
Individuals who do not speak English as their primary language and who have a limited ability to read, write, speak or understand English can be limited English proficient, or LEP, entitled to language assistance with respect to a type of service, benefit or encounter.
See item IV on page 41459 of this link.
48% have an education of up to 6th grade. Therefore, written materials addressed to this population need to be:
· Well written in English so they can be translated easily. Following the Five Steps to Plain Language to reach a 6th grade level on the Flesh-Kincaid scale (available on Word) will help.
· In plain language in Spanish, making use of graphics, bulleted lists and charts to clarify the message. Reaching a 6th grade audience in Spanish will be a simple task when the document has been prepared for this purpose in English.
This means that when specialized terminology is introduced, it should be explained. Studies have shown that reading comprehension is reduced when stressed, ill, or reading on the computer. Considering these factors when preparing good source materials for translation to Spanish will also improve services to English-speakers.
The risk of a bad translation in this sector is high. A bad translation can cause confusion in the best of circumstances. As an interpreter, I have heard administrators tell people to ask their elementary school children to sight translate documents into English for submission to administrative offices. I have also seen Spanish-speakers decline translated materials with spelling and punctation mistakes because they do not trust the accuracy of the translation. In those cases, poor translations communicate disrespect and burn bridges instead of building them.
The LEP community needs to work with certified interpreters and certified translators as often as possible. We can’t afford to garble the message when communicating with a vulnerable population. The first step, however, is for translators to receive carefully written materials, prepared with this audience in mind. This will benefit the community at large in all languages, even in English.
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In school, I was advised not to pursue a career in teaching as “I did not look like a teacher”. I still remember how deflated I felt and as a result was determined to become a teacher and never make a student of mine feel inadequate. To this day, I do not know what a teacher is supposed to look like, nor should it matter. What does matter is that a teacher has the ability and interest to instil a self-belief and self-confidence in their students, so they can develop into the best possible person they can be. They may not be successful the first time round, and may have to work harder and longer to achieve success, but with the right support, they can achieve their desired goals.
It is unnerving to consider the potential impact – both positive and negative – a teacher’s words can have on a student. A female student who wishes to pursue a career in computer games development may be told to consider nursing, “a more suitable career for a woman”; a male student, who wishes to pursue a career in early childcare education, may be asked “is he sure he wants to spend all day with small children?” Such words can sway the choices of individuals and cast doubts on their own personal career preferences.
Imagine the result if the female was encouraged to study and work in the gaming sector, which is almost totally male-dominated? She would be a role model for other potential female games developers. If the male was encouraged to follow his preferred career, he too would be a very positive role model for young children. Students should be encouraged and supported to follow their dreams and passions when it comes to career choices with the support of their teachers. The power of positivity and encouragement is miraculous. It can result in the transformation of doubtful students to empowered individuals.
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The recent 2018 Midterm Election has resulted in having 112 women as elected officials (25% of the of the total 435 representatives who have ‘seat, voice and vote’. To pass any legislation requires 218+ votes.
With their 237 Democratic majority, the Democratic Party will select the Speaker of the House and will be in charge of the agenda, setting priorities and schedules.
Now the House Republican Caucus is 98% WASP (white Anglo-Saxon Protestant) males. The House Democratic Caucus numbers 38% WASP males. Elected women have not yet reached parity levels (50% men: 50% women). This nation’s population has 48% males plus 52% females. No population survives biologically when men exceed women or when women’s fertility rate declines below the replacement level needed to sustain a population. Stanford University population biologist (Paul Ehrlich: The Population Bomb author) has established that a couple needs to beget more than two children to sustain a nation’s population with their consensual reproductive efforts. A committed couple initially may agree to consensual recreational sexual relations with the woman using birth control to schedule family planning. These couples may become fully engaged in establishment of their career paths.
An observation is that the three types of man-woman relationships (most often marriages) are: 1) matriarchy; 2) patriarchy and 3) partnership. Of the three, the partnership relationship seems to be most stable and productive.
Biologically, men tend to be physically larger & stronger plus assertively competitive, even aggressive behavior traits essential to empire building.
Women tend to be nurturing, protective, and desire having a stable relationship in a safe, secure home. Having a child means a woman deals with a reproductive process which includes 9-month gestation period plus 18 years of being the mom until the child is of legal age (18 years old).
Being a consensual partner requires an ability to listen, to take-in other experiences and points of view. Individuals, at first are competitive, but the most successful are those who communicate well, negotiate, and know when to stop being competitive. A transition to a reliably mutual supportive and cooperative relationship results which requires constant attentive maintenance.
I observe DEMOCRACY is a very good governance system when most, if not all, these traits are present in elected officials who make public policy decisions when dealing with humanity’s needs fairly and with equity. With all the current human reproductive biology knowledge, it is now possible for governance to contain both the male and female perspectives and sensitivities.
Those leaders who take into consideration the needs of those being governed, and who reasonably distributed available resources and services were the most successful and highly revered.
Jesus Christ began social inclusiveness with compassion for the gentiles who did not have Roman Citizen status enforced by Roman military forces of that era. It was the Christian philosophy of being a ‘Good Samaritan’ who looked out for and took care of the disabled and needy which began establishment of a higher level of Christian behavior. (All religions and cultures consistently deal and promote appropriate behavior and sharing resources amongst individuals and communities.)
The Christian Bible contains many anecdotes which involve women…beginning with Adam and Eve. Other biblical women are Esther, Salome, Sara, and Mary who agreed to conceive, carry & deliver, and nurture Jesus Christ (with the support of Joseph, her husband) through his formative years.
It is the mother who gives her child, while nurturing and nursing, its first relationship experiences language & vocabulary, a sense of safety and belonging, and appropriate & essential behavior and survival skills. It is these direct experiences which are lacking when men govern exclusively.
I recall reading about an American indigenous tribe whose governance was totally conducted by men whose wives sat behind them during powwow discussions regarding tribal issues. These women directly communicated their perspectives and concerns immediately to their partner sitting before them.
American society, economy and government, since its inception during 1770’s, has been dominated by WASP men who led this nation’s geographic and economic expansion. All through these periods, work done by women was facilitated by the development of appliances (vacuum cleaners, dishwashers, clothes washers, blenders, etc.). These provided additional opportunity for women to learn at all levels of science, technology, math, engineering, finance, etc. In addition, traditional women’s work as ‘home-making’, teaching, literature, nursing and child-rearing expanded. Today, it is possible for women to aspire to be astronauts, engineers, lawyers, physicians, and YES…even elected officials at all levels (local, state, national, international) of government.
Women achieved the right to vote (19th Amendment; 1920) with the result that traditional governance by men exclusively is reluctantly yielding to including more women as elected officials. Many men like Donald Trump had power, authority, and dominion; who were allegedly physically and verbally abusive to women; and whose actions and statements were recorded using smart digital devices and disseminated to the general public via mainstream media and social media…all resulted in the women’s marches and “Me, Too” movement. It is these movements, coupled with women’s suffrage that enables able women to become elected officials.
The House of Representatives, US Congress, will have the highest number of women ever elected to that level of legislative responsibility. Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi is already providing advice regarding how not to be pushed around by Congressional men & lobbyists. These females need to function as PEERS to men who traditionally have not experienced any female colleagues.
IT IS VERY IMPORTANT THAT THESE WOMEN EXPRESS DOMESTIC NEEDS FROM A MOM’S EXPERIENCE AND PERSPECTIVE.
These newly elected woman members of the U.S. Congress will have to provide direct ‘seat, voice and vote’ decision-making authority based upon their humane nurturing instincts flavored with compassion and consideration. I project that the present influence of the military-industrial complex will be mitigated. It is the sons and daughters of women who are placed in harm’s way by the current knee-jerk military reaction strategy. Also, The Department of Defense will have to implement national security programs with more fiscal accountability and responsibility.
If America is to achieve even greater international prominence (which has declined under the Trump Administration), it will be due to the propensity of women to communicate, negotiate, and compromise with logic and values using factual, truthful, and useful information.
A transition may happen with regard to undertaking programs addressing Global Climate Change; creation of a shared global resources economy by using diplomacy. War-like police actions are wasteful of resources needed to provide education, medical care, housing, transportation, etc. A goal would be to utilize natural resources to sustain the common good and world peace which ‘We, The People’ crave.
Many philosophers and economists have projected that this planet Earth can provide for all the needs of all humanity to live a comfortable life. What needs development to get there is a new distribution of wealth system which provides an assured annual personal income (aapi). All stakeholders would pay appropriate tax levels which enables government jurisdictions to monitor, assess, and distribute needed resources while holding down costs of necessary deterrent military forces. America can lead the way to enduring world peace and prosperity. A goal is to create heaven on this earth using resources already provided by Divine Providence.
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The student will understand the options presented to the design team and the reasons why they made their final selections of equipment.
The student will learn about NASA's plans and objectives for the lunar missions.
The student will learn about the famed Apollo 11 mission which successfully landed on the moon and returned its occupants safely to earth.
The student will learn about the miraculous recovery of Apollo 13 which suffered an explosion during flight.
The student will learn about the remaining successful Apollo missions that landed on the moon and the objectives of those missions.
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Air travel has come a long way since the Wright brothers made their first successful flight in 1903. Over the past century, technology has played a crucial role in shaping the evolution of flights and transforming air travel into what it is today.
One of the most significant advancements in air travel technology is the development of jet engines. Jet engines revolutionized air travel by allowing planes to fly faster, higher, and more efficiently than ever before. This innovation paved the way for commercial airlines to offer faster and more affordable flights to passengers around the world.
Another key technological advancement that has transformed air travel is the introduction of computer systems and automation in aircraft. Modern airplanes are equipped with sophisticated computers that help pilots navigate safely through complex airspace, monitor engine performance, and optimize fuel consumption. These systems have greatly improved Book a flight safety and efficiency, making air travel one of the safest modes of transportation.
The integration of digital communication systems has also had a profound impact on air travel. Pilots can now communicate with air traffic controllers in real-time using digital radios and satellite-based communication networks. This allows for better coordination between pilots and ground control, resulting in smoother take-offs, landings, and overall flight operations.
In recent years, advancements in materials science have led to lighter and stronger materials being used in aircraft construction. This has allowed airlines to build more fuel-efficient planes that can carry more passengers over longer distances while reducing their environmental impact.
Furthermore, developments in aerodynamics have led to the design of more efficient wings and fuselages that reduce drag and improve fuel efficiency. These innovations have helped airlines reduce operating costs while offering passengers a smoother flying experience.
The rise of digital technologies has also transformed how passengers book flights, check-in for their journey, access entertainment during flights, and stay connected while onboard. Mobile apps allow travelers to book tickets instantly from anywhere around the globe while online check-in services streamline boarding processes at airports.
Looking ahead, emerging technologies such as electric propulsion systems are poised to revolutionize air travel once again by reducing carbon emissions from airplanes significantly. Electric-powered planes could usher in a new era of sustainable aviation where environmentally-friendly flights become a reality.
In conclusion, technology continues to drive innovation in air travel by making flights safer, faster, more efficient, comfortable for passengers worldwide. As we look towards future advancements like electric propulsion systems will continue shaping how we experience flying for generations to come as technology evolves further into unknown territories within this industry’s landscape – creating endless possibilities!
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It is getting more expensive to run a car especially with the current price of fuel. You can improve your fuel consumption by adopting a “greener ” approach to your driving. Driving with empathy for the car, fuel consumption and the environment.
A regularly serviced engine (as per manufacturer’s recommendation) will optimise fuel/engine performance and in the long run will save money on fuel and increase the life of the engine.
Your tyres should be kept to the manufacturer’s recommended pressure. Too low and extra road surface contact will create drag and the friction will reduce fuel consumption. The life of the tyre will be reduced. Too high and the tyre will wear excessively in the middle and give a less comfortable drive.
Avoid carrying unnecessary items in the car. More weight equals more fuel. The faster you travel the more air resistance. This in turn leads to increased use of fuel.
Eco-driving is now being recorded on driving tests. Your ability to drive smoothly avoiding excess acceleration and braking. Using engine braking where appropriate. Using the gears in a controlled manner at the correct speed to optimise their use. Planning ahead and anticipating problems to avoid any late or over reaction. The outcome of a driving test will not be effected. However this is a pilot scheme and could well be introduced as part of the test in the future.
DID YOU KNOW…
As a new driver, you will find it easier to get the feel of the foot controls if you wear thin-soled shoes or trainers.
The correct way to use the clutch is to bend the knee and keep the ball of the foot on the pedal. Your heel should lift off the floor as you raise your foot to find the biting point. Using your ankle to pivot upwards is awkward and difficult to control. Moving off smoothly and manoeuvring the car at slow speed becomes difficult. You will find yourself having to wriggle your foot back into place at regular intervals.
Sometimes when trying to select reverse gear – it will not go in! It is not you! The gears do not always line up. Select a forward gear and try again. This time you should succeed.
The car is on springs for a smooth ride – the suspension. When you stop the car on a hill it sinks on its springs. To find the biting point for an uphill start without fear of rolling back, feel the car lift (on its springs) and you have the weight of the car. You will not roll back.
The Driver and Vehicle Standards Agency has recognised steering safely and in control does not necessarily mean a fixed routine of holding the steering wheel at ten-to-two or feeding the steering wheel through your hands at all times without crossing your arms. There are times when a more relaxed grip and crossing your arms can be more appropriate during slow paced manoeuvres for example. Steering with one arm only and letting the wheel slip through your fingers after a turn does not however constitute control. The examiner is looking for controlled steering following the correct line during a driving test with some flexibility as to how you do it.
Oversteering on a bend is caused by steering the front of the car and not the wheels. The two do not point in the same direction on a bend. Steer the wheels and allow the front of the car to follow, this will help to stay with the curve.
Dry steering (turning the steering wheel while stationary) is okay providing your vehicle has power-steering. Sometimes you need to, to recover from a manoeuvre. You will not be penalised on a driving test.
When slowing down you do not have to change down through the gears 4-3-2-1. Apply the brake and select the gear to match the slower speed when you know what it is. If you are stopping, just apply the brake followed by the clutch. You can select neutral once you have stopped.
You are not expected to select neutral gear every time you stop temporarily. You have enough to do especially as lead car waiting at traffic lights. You can remain in 1st gear (preferably without biting point for too long), handbrake applied if needed.
Traffic lights are sometimes fitted with visors to avoid confusion where there is more than one set of lights close together. It could be dangerous for an approaching driver to see both red and green lights showing. One set of lights is visored, fitted with narrow slats and angled to obscure the projected light at a distance. Close up they can be seen from the lower line of sight.
Before pulling away from a bus stop the bus driver applies the footbrake and then releases the handbrake before signalling. In other words the brake lights come on before the right indicator flashes. (This is a built in safety feature for automatic vehicles and modern buses are automatic). It does not happen like that every time but it is a very useful clue if you are considering passing the stationary bus.
Flashing headlights should only be used to advise or warn other roadusers of your presence. However, it is a means of communication and should not be ignored if a driver flashes at you. Make sure you interpret it correctly and do make sure you look properly. You cannot rely on their observation if you are invited to emerge for example. Ask yourself:-
Is it meant for me?
Does it mean what I think it does?
Is it safe to accept?
Emerging on to a busy roundabout can be a confusing experience. Who’s going where and when? There is a basic rule. You give way to your right and so does everybody else!! Vehicles already on the roundabout will block the flow of oncoming traffic and you may have the opportunity to move forward. Watch their speed and steering, with practise you will get to recognise their intention earlier.
Too many drivers forget the basic courtesy of signalling and sadly you cannot guarantee the accuracy of the signal even if they do signal. Their speed and direction are the only sure way of knowing what they are doing. If in doubt don’t!
Examiners are examined. You could have a supervising examiner sitting in on your driving test as well as your instructor/observer on test. It would be a good idea to experience somebody in the back of the car in addition to your instructor as part of your training. You will get the feel of the heavier car and how it affects steering, acceleration and braking.
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- The Basics of Multithreading
- What is Multithreading?
- Why Multithreading Matters
- Java Threads
- Introduction to Java Threads
- Creating Threads in Java
- Thread Lifecycle
- Synchronization and Deadlocks
- Synchronization in Multithreading
- Deadlocks and How to Avoid Them
- Thread Safety and Best Practices
- Writing Thread-Safe Code
- Best Practices for Multithreading in Java
- Real-World Applications of Multithreading
- Multithreading in Java Applications
- Multithreading and Parallel Computing
- Multithreading Challenges and Future Trends
- Challenges in Multithreading
- Future Trends in Multithreading
In the rapidly evolving landscape of computer science and programming, the imperative skill of crafting efficient and concurrent code has reached paramount importance. Central to this skill set is the concept of multithreading—a formidable technique empowering programs to execute multiple threads simultaneously. This blog embarks on an exploration of the foundational principles of multithreading within the context of Java, elucidating why it stands as an indispensable skill for navigating the intricacies of university programming assignments. By delving into the intricacies of multithreading, this discussion aims to equip readers with a comprehensive understanding of how this powerful tool can be harnessed to optimize program performance, enhance responsiveness, and efficiently tackle the multifaceted challenges presented by university-level programming tasks, offering help with your Java assignment and ensuring proficiency in this essential aspect of programming. As we traverse the fundamentals, nuances, and real-world applications of multithreading, the goal is to empower programmers to not only comprehend its significance but also to adeptly implement it in their coding endeavors, laying the groundwork for proficiency in concurrent programming and setting the stage for success in the dynamic realm of computer science education and beyond.
The Basics of Multithreading
Delving into the foundational aspects of multithreading unveils a realm where concurrent execution and efficiency converge. This section serves as a gateway to understanding the fundamental principles that underpin the multithreading paradigm. By exploring the core concepts and essential components that facilitate simultaneous thread execution within a program, we embark on a journey that lays the groundwork for more advanced explorations. From grasping the intrinsic nature of threads to discerning their role in enhancing program performance, this segment provides a comprehensive overview that resonates with clarity and depth. As we navigate through the intricacies of multithreading basics, the objective is to cultivate a robust understanding that empowers readers to appreciate its significance and potential applications. By demystifying the foundational elements, this section sets the stage for subsequent discussions, enabling readers to forge a solid foundation upon which to build their multithreading expertise.
What is Multithreading?
Multithreading involves the simultaneous execution of multiple threads within the same program. A thread is the smallest unit of execution within a process, and multithreading enables different threads to run independently, sharing the same resources. This concurrent execution allows for efficient utilization of CPU resources and facilitates the execution of complex tasks by breaking them down into smaller, manageable threads. Moreover, multithreading plays a pivotal role in enhancing system responsiveness, enabling applications to remain interactive and performant even when executing computationally intensive operations.
Why Multithreading Matters
Understanding the importance of multithreading is crucial for programmers. It enhances program performance by allowing parallel execution, making it especially valuable for tasks that can be broken down into smaller, independent units of work. Additionally, multithreading fosters scalability, enabling applications to handle increased workloads efficiently without compromising performance. Furthermore, in today's multi-core processor era, mastering multithreading is essential for leveraging hardware capabilities effectively and maximizing computational throughput. Embracing multithreading empowers programmers to design responsive, efficient, and scalable applications that meet the demands of modern computing environments.
Embarking on the exploration of Java threads opens a gateway to the realm of concurrent programming within the Java ecosystem. This section delves into the intricacies of Java's built-in support for multithreading, shedding light on the mechanisms that facilitate the creation, management, and synchronization of threads. By navigating through the nuances of Java threads, readers gain insights into harnessing the power of concurrent execution, thereby optimizing program efficiency and responsiveness. As we traverse the landscape of Java threads, the focus remains on cultivating a comprehensive understanding of their inherent capabilities, limitations, and best practices. By demystifying the intricacies of Java threads, this segment aims to equip readers with the knowledge and skills necessary to leverage multithreading effectively in their Java programming endeavors. Through a balanced blend of theory and practical insights, this section paves the way for mastering the art of multithreading within the Java framework, fostering proficiency and innovation in concurrent programming paradigms.
Introduction to Java Threads
Java, a popular object-oriented programming language, provides built-in support for multithreading through its Thread class. We'll explore the basics of creating and managing threads in Java. This native support simplifies the development of concurrent applications, enabling developers to leverage multithreading capabilities seamlessly. Additionally, Java's robust ecosystem offers a myriad of libraries and frameworks that further enhance the capabilities and versatility of multithreaded applications, fostering innovation and efficiency.
Creating Threads in Java
Learn how to create threads in Java using the Thread class or by implementing the Runnable interface. Understand the differences between these approaches and when to use each. Delving deeper, explore advanced techniques such as extending the Thread class or utilizing thread pools to manage resources efficiently. Additionally, familiarize yourself with best practices for naming threads, setting thread priorities, and handling exceptions, ensuring robust and reliable multithreaded application development.
Examine the various states a thread can be in during its lifecycle – from creation to termination. Understanding the lifecycle is crucial for effective thread management. Furthermore, delve into strategies for thread synchronization, resource allocation, and deadlock prevention to optimize performance and reliability. By comprehensively understanding the thread lifecycle, you empower yourself with the knowledge and tools necessary to design, implement, and maintain efficient and resilient multithreaded applications.
Synchronization and Deadlocks
Venturing into the realm of synchronization and deadlocks delves deep into the critical aspects of managing concurrent access to shared resources within multithreaded environments. This section illuminates the intricacies of synchronization mechanisms and the challenges posed by deadlocks, emphasizing their profound impact on program reliability and performance. By dissecting the complexities of synchronization, readers are empowered to implement strategies that ensure data integrity and prevent race conditions. Concurrently, the exploration of deadlocks sheds light on the scenarios where threads become ensnared in cyclic dependencies, halting progress and compromising system stability. As we navigate through the multifaceted landscape of synchronization and deadlocks, the objective remains steadfast: to equip readers with the knowledge and tools necessary to navigate these challenges adeptly. By unraveling the complexities inherent in synchronization and deadlocks, this segment fosters a deeper understanding of concurrent programming pitfalls and best practices, enabling readers to architect robust, resilient, and efficient multithreaded solutions.+
Synchronization in Multithreading
Explore the concept of synchronization in Java and how it ensures that only one thread can access a shared resource at a time. Learn about the synchronized keyword and its role in preventing data corruption. Additionally, dive into the intricacies of concurrent access control mechanisms such as locks, semaphores, and monitors, understanding their application and relevance in safeguarding shared resources. Furthermore, explore advanced synchronization techniques, including reentrant locks and condition variables, to optimize resource utilization and enhance application performance. By mastering synchronization concepts, you equip yourself with the skills necessary to design robust, scalable, and efficient multithreaded applications that adhere to best practices and industry standards.
Deadlocks and How to Avoid Them
Delve into the complexities of deadlocks – situations where two or more threads are unable to proceed due to circular waiting. Discover strategies to identify, prevent, and resolve deadlocks in your Java programs. Additionally, explore real-world scenarios and case studies illustrating the implications of deadlocks on application performance and system stability. Furthermore, familiarize yourself with deadlock detection and recovery techniques, such as timeout mechanisms and resource allocation strategies, to mitigate the risks associated with deadlocks effectively. By understanding the nuances of deadlocks and implementing proactive measures, you ensure the resilience, reliability, and responsiveness of your multithreaded applications, fostering user satisfaction and operational excellence.
Thread Safety and Best Practices
Navigating the domain of thread safety and best practices immerses us in the critical facets of crafting resilient and efficient multithreaded applications. This section delves into the principles and strategies that underpin thread safety, emphasizing the paramount importance of mitigating race conditions, data corruption, and synchronization issues. By exploring best practices, readers gain invaluable insights into implementing concurrency controls, managing shared resources, and optimizing performance within multithreaded environments. As we traverse the intricacies of thread safety and best practices, the focus is on cultivating a comprehensive understanding of proven methodologies and techniques that foster reliability, scalability, and maintainability. By demystifying the complexities associated with thread safety, this segment equips readers with the knowledge and tools necessary to architect robust and efficient multithreaded solutions. Through a balanced synthesis of theoretical concepts and practical insights, this section empowers readers to navigate the challenges of concurrent programming adeptly, fostering proficiency and innovation in multithreaded application development.
Writing Thread-Safe Code
Learn the principles of writing thread-safe code to avoid race conditions and data inconsistencies. Explore techniques such as using atomic variables and locks to ensure the integrity of shared resources. Additionally, delve into the nuances of immutable objects and thread-local storage, understanding their role in mitigating concurrency issues and enhancing application performance. Furthermore, explore advanced synchronization patterns such as read-write locks and optimistic concurrency control mechanisms, empowering you to design robust and scalable multithreaded applications. By adhering to thread-safe coding principles, you foster reliability, consistency, and performance optimization in your Java applications, ensuring seamless user experiences and operational excellence.
Best Practices for Multithreading in Java
Discover essential best practices for writing efficient and maintainable multithreaded Java code. Topics include error handling, resource management, and choosing the right synchronization strategy. Additionally, delve into strategies for thread pooling, task scheduling, and workload distribution, optimizing resource utilization and enhancing application scalability. Furthermore, explore performance profiling and tuning techniques to identify bottlenecks, optimize throughput, and enhance responsiveness in multithreaded applications. By embracing best practices for multithreading in Java, you cultivate a culture of excellence, innovation, and efficiency, fostering a resilient and robust software ecosystem that meets the evolving demands of modern computing environments.
Real-World Applications of Multithreading
Embarking on an exploration of real-world applications of multithreading unveils the transformative impact of concurrent programming paradigms across diverse domains and industries. This section delves into the practical manifestations of multithreading, illuminating its pivotal role in enhancing performance, scalability, and responsiveness in a myriad of applications. By examining real-world scenarios and use cases, readers gain insights into harnessing the power of multithreading to address complex computational challenges, optimize resource utilization, and elevate user experiences. As we navigate through the multifaceted landscape of real-world applications, the focus remains on showcasing the versatility and efficacy of multithreading in driving innovation and efficiency. By demystifying the practical implications and benefits of multithreading, this segment equips readers with a holistic understanding of its role in shaping contemporary software solutions. Through a curated exploration of case studies and examples, this section fosters an appreciation for the profound impact of multithreading on modern computing ecosystems, inspiring creativity and innovation in application development.
Multithreading in Java Applications
Explore how multithreading is applied in real-world scenarios. From improving the responsiveness of graphical user interfaces to optimizing server applications, multithreading plays a vital role in enhancing the performance of Java applications. Additionally, delve into the integration of multithreading in data processing pipelines, scientific simulations, and real-time analytics systems, understanding its transformative impact on computational efficiency and scalability. Furthermore, explore the role of multithreading in modern microservices architectures, distributed computing environments, and cloud-native applications, showcasing its versatility and relevance in diverse computing paradigms. By understanding the multifaceted applications of multithreading in Java, you empower yourself with the knowledge and insights necessary to harness its full potential in addressing complex challenges and driving innovation.
Multithreading and Parallel Computing
Understand the relationship between multithreading and parallel computing. Discover how multithreading can be leveraged to achieve parallelism, resulting in faster execution times for computationally intensive tasks. Delve deeper into parallel algorithms, task decomposition strategies, and load balancing techniques, exploring their role in maximizing hardware utilization and minimizing execution latency. Furthermore, explore emerging parallel computing paradigms such as GPU acceleration, distributed computing frameworks, and cluster computing architectures, understanding their implications for multithreading and concurrent programming. By comprehensively understanding the relationship between multithreading and parallel computing, you cultivate a holistic perspective that enables you to design, implement, and optimize high-performance computing solutions that leverage the full potential of modern hardware and software ecosystems.
Multithreading Challenges and Future Trends
Embarking on an exploration of multithreading challenges and future trends delves into the evolving landscape of concurrent programming, highlighting the complexities and opportunities that lie ahead. This section navigates through the inherent challenges associated with multithreading, including debugging complexities, synchronization issues, and performance optimization. By examining these challenges, readers gain insights into mitigating risks and overcoming obstacles in multithreaded application development. Concurrently, the exploration of future trends illuminates emerging technologies, methodologies, and paradigms that promise to reshape the multithreading landscape. As we traverse the intersection of challenges and trends, the focus remains on fostering a forward-looking perspective that empowers readers to anticipate, adapt, and innovate in an ever-evolving technological landscape. By demystifying the complexities and forecasting future advancements, this segment equips readers with the knowledge and foresight necessary to navigate the complexities of multithreading, fostering resilience, adaptability, and innovation in concurrent programming endeavors.
Challenges in Multithreading
Acknowledge the challenges associated with multithreading, such as debugging complex concurrency issues and managing shared resources effectively. Gain insights into strategies for overcoming these challenges by exploring advanced debugging tools, profiling techniques, and monitoring utilities designed to identify performance bottlenecks and synchronization pitfalls. Additionally, delve into strategies for optimizing resource allocation, minimizing contention, and enhancing thread safety, fostering a resilient and efficient multithreaded application ecosystem. Furthermore, explore real-world case studies and scenarios illustrating common multithreading challenges and their implications on application performance, reliability, and scalability. By understanding and addressing these challenges proactively, you cultivate a culture of excellence, innovation, and efficiency in multithreaded application development, ensuring robust and reliable solutions that meet the demands of modern computing environments.
Future Trends in Multithreading
Explore emerging trends in multithreading, including advancements in programming languages and frameworks that facilitate concurrent and parallel programming. Stay informed about the evolving landscape of multithreading technologies, such as the integration of machine learning algorithms, artificial intelligence frameworks, and quantum computing paradigms into multithreaded applications. Additionally, delve into the implications of emerging hardware architectures, such as neuromorphic computing, edge computing, and heterogeneous computing environments, on multithreading and concurrent programming practices. Furthermore, explore innovative research initiatives, open-source collaborations, and industry partnerships driving advancements in multithreading technologies, fostering a dynamic and vibrant ecosystem that embraces innovation, collaboration, and excellence. By staying abreast of future trends in multithreading, you position yourself at the forefront of technological innovation, enabling you to leverage emerging opportunities and shape the future of concurrent and parallel programming paradigms.
In wrapping up, it becomes abundantly clear that proficiency in multithreading within the Java environment transcends being merely advantageous—it emerges as an indispensable asset for programmers engaging with university-level programming assignments. Grasping the core principles, adopting best practices, and discerning the real-world implications of multithreading not only enhances your coding acumen but also positions you strategically to navigate the complexities of contemporary computing demands. As you venture deeper into the multifaceted realm of multithreading, armed with knowledge and practical insights, you cultivate the capacity to architect solutions that are not only efficient but also scalable and responsive. Consequently, embracing the intricacies of multithreading propels you towards a trajectory of heightened programming expertise, enabling you to craft solutions that resonate with excellence and innovation. So, with enthusiasm and determination, immerse yourself in the intricate nuances of multithreading, harness its potential, and embark on a journey to redefine your programming capabilities. Embrace the challenges, seize the opportunities, and continue to cultivate your passion for coding. Happy coding!
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Irrespective of whether you are a homemaker, a college graduate, or a working professional, it is important that you learn certain basic financial skills. Managing your finances is not difficult, but if not dealt with a certain level of expertise and knowledge, you would experience a shortage of cash flow, causing a dip in your savings. Additionally, developing certain skills will help you in the future.
- Differentiate between your wants and your needs Prioritizing wants and needs is one of the most important financial skills. You only need an item, if it is essential for your daily operations. Therefore, you probably do not have a choice but to purchase it. On the other hand, your want arises out of the need for adulation. It is not to say that you should not cater to your desires or luxuries but rather refrain yourself from spending excessively on these.
- Learn to read a bank statement Do you read bank statements occasionally and only when you see a steep difference between your income and expenses? If yes, you need to change this habit and start reviewing your bank statements on a regular basis. This way you will be able to track of where your money is being spent. Now, since bank statements are easily accessible on your smartphones, you can filter your transactions date wise with precise comments. Additionally, if there is something in your statement that you do not understand, you can always call the customer service.
- Discipline yourself to develop a positive credit score A good credit score is not about stopping yourself or your children from using a credit or a debit card; Instead, it is about using your credit card wisely in a way that you can repay your installments on time. Once aware, you can develop a great credit score, which would make you eligible for loans in the future.
Moreover, one can learn to negotiate. If you are someone who hesitates to ask for a discount or an offer, you might want to change that. Asking for a discount or an offer, can help you save so much more money than you can imagine. A few tips can help you master this skill.
- Always be ready to leave if you are not getting a deal you want.
- Know your market and put forth a reasonable a price offer.
Financial skills to master is a joyous art and something that you should cherish passing it to your friends and family members. Additionally, you will feel responsible and in control of your finances by learning a few skills. Saving can help you groom your future and start your life without any hassle.
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You will have 20 minutes to plan, write and revise an essay about the topic below. Your response will be judged on how well you develop a position, organize your ideas, present supporting details, and control the elements of standard written English. You should write 200-300 words.
Population growth, the increase in the number of individuals in a particular population over time, is a complex global challenge with profound implications for social, economic, and environmental dynamics. While population growth can be an indicator of societal progress, unchecked and rapid growth poses significant concerns.
The world’s population has witnessed exponential growth, with both positive and negative consequences. On the positive side, a growing population can contribute to economic development, innovation, and cultural diversity. However, unchecked population growth strains essential resources such as food, water, and energy, leading to environmental degradation and challenges in meeting basic human needs.
Overpopulation exacerbates issues such as poverty, unemployment, and inadequate healthcare. As populations swell, governments and societies face the daunting task of providing education, healthcare, and employment opportunities for an ever-expanding populace. This, in turn, places immense pressure on infrastructure and social services.
Mitigating the challenges associated with population growth requires a multifaceted approach. Education, particularly for women, plays a pivotal role in empowering individuals to make informed choices about family planning. Access to healthcare, family planning services, and promoting sustainable practices are crucial components in addressing population growth.
In conclusion, managing population growth is vital for achieving a balance between the needs of individuals and the sustainability of the planet. Implementing comprehensive strategies that prioritize education, healthcare, and sustainable development can help navigate the challenges posed by population growth and create a more equitable and sustainable future.
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Conserve with us
Upgrade your life to save money, resources, and energy.
Solar panels, wind farms, agricultural A.I., new growing systems... we keep you up to speed on the present advances.
Food waste should be put back into the soil. It makes the best quality plant nutrition. We'll teach you how to do this with no odor.
We will teach you how to effectively convert your food waste into compost that can be reused in community farms.
We seek to integrate the newest methods of water purification & preservation into our community
Did you know that most rainwater is perfectly safe to drink, and is even cleaner than most public water supply? Technology has recently emerged that allows us to harness even the water vapor in our air! Learn more.
Organic vs. Conventional Practices
Conventional farming is not sustainable. Inorganic farming is largely at fault for biodiversity loss, increased water pollution, and soil erosion. Chemical-heavy farming techniques destroy the soil, and the constant introduction of new pesticides generate impervious insects. There are some chemicals the USDA has approved for use on organic farms, but before they can be applied farmers must prove they have tried every other method possible for controlling their pests and weeds.
Recycled water from wastewater treatments plants (known as sewer sludge) is used to irrigate conventionally farmed crops. Multi-drug resistant bacteria are found to survive the treatment process and be present in the finished water product. Food crops grow on sludge-applied lands can absorb heavy metals, such as cadmium and lead, which are linked to intestinal and kidney damage. The USDA prohibits sewer sludge fertilizer use on organic farms.
Organic farming reduces carbon emissions by 50%, uses less energy due to lack of machinery, and reduces pollution levels by 50%. These good practices actually remove CO2 from the atmosphere. Conventional farming is at fault for causing biodiversity loss, soil erosion, and increased water pollution.
What will your footprint look like?
Help us make a difference that could impact generations to come.
Help us build forests, which give us the air we breathe.
Help us give endangered creatures a safe home.
Save & Sanitize Water
Help us use all the H2O around us and reduce its pollution.
Take Care of the Planet
Help the world to grow, heal, and survive in the future.
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History of Bloomington, Ellettsville & Monroe County, Indiana
Monroe County, Bloomington, and Ellettsville are a compelling and unique part of the Midwest, offering solid business and professional opportunities, excellent education, and a fantastic quality of life. Our community enjoys a proud history of industry and education.
Known as the "Gateway to Scenic Southern Indiana,” Monroe County was established in 1818 and named after the fifth U.S. President, James Monroe. Before European settlement, the area was home to Native American tribes, primarily the Delaware, Miami, and Potawatomi, who navigated the White River's East and West Forks that inhabited lush forests and fertile lands.
Bloomington, the county seat, was founded in 1818 by settlers from Kentucky, Tennessee, the Carolinas, and Virginia. Those settlers were so impressed with "a haven of blooms" that they named the town accordingly. The town of Ellettsville, just northwest, was established in 1837.
Because the Indiana State Constitution of 1816 outlawed slavery, and many of Bloomington’s citizens were active participants in the Underground Railroad, the city remains deeply rooted in African American history.
Since 1820, Bloomington has been home to Indiana University, now one of the leading public research universities in the United States. IU has dramatically influenced our community's growth and cultural identity, attracting leaders, teachers, entrepreneurs, literary and musical luminaries, professional athletes, and Nobel prize-winning scientists and economists who have shaped the city into a thriving academic and artistic hub.
Hoosiers are known for being industrious, and our community is no exception. Our community is one of makers and innovators. We have consistently adapted to changing times to foster new opportunities. In the early years, most people in the area made a living by farming, limestone extraction, and timbering for the furniture industry. The construction of the Monon Railroad in the late 1840s connected the county to major markets, sparking local industrial growth. By 1920, Bloomington made 60% of the furniture in the U.S. Today, that former factory building is an energetic startup incubator called The Mill.
In 1940, RCA purchased a Showers Brothers building on South Rogers Street to create RCA Plant One. RCA produced radios, tank transmitters, and receivers for the Army Signal Corps and other defense products in World War II, and then later it transitioned to producing televisions.
The rise of industry also brought General Electric, Westinghouse, and Otis Elevator.
Since the 1980s, our economy has been moving toward high-tech. The rise of Life Sciences began with Cook Medical, leading to Nova Holdings, (which recently acquired Catalent), Simtra (Formerly Baxter), Singota Solutions, as well as Boston Scientific. That sector continues to grow. Meanwhile, the U.S. Chips and Science Acts create significant job opportunities in the Microchip and Semiconductor industry.
At BEDC, the heart of our work is creating economic vitality and quality jobs to ensure Monroe County is Our community of choice for employers, innovators, individuals, and families. Our history has taught us that communities prosper when they foster a vision for the future, lean into their strengths, and coordinate their investments and efforts around that vision.
Bring your business and become a part of our history. Contact us today.
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Water is an essential element for sustaining life. Until recently, it was considered in some circles a natural resource of unlimited supply. However, lately the situation has changed: water has become a scarce resource around the world, including some regions of the United States, with competing interests for the limited supply. One person with a keen appreciation for this is Dr. Harbans Lal, an environmental engineer with the Water Quality and Quantity Team of the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), US Department of Agriculture (USDA) in Portland, OR. For Lal, food production is paramount to feed the world’s growing population.
Lal says, “While we have done an excellent job in increasing land productivity to meet the food and fiber demand, we have not paid enough attention to water quality and have been impacting and affecting it some cases.” He points out that agriculture is the maximum user—at 70%—of available fresh water. “At the same time, agriculture has a tremendous effect on water quality.”
To address that, Lal—as part of a USDA-NRCS scientific group—has developed a Web-based tool helping agricultural producers understand the quality of water: the Water Quality Index for Agricultural Runoff (WQIag). It provides a single number from 0 (poor) to 10 (excellent), representing overall water quality flowing off users’ fields, thus making complicated water quality data understandable and useable by non-professionals. Users input information about their field, such as slope, soil characteristics, nutrient and pest management, tillage practices, and conservation practices. It then calculates the WQIag rating. While variables such as slope and soil type won’t change, producers can adjust other factors to quickly estimate how their conservation efforts can impact water quality.
What He Does Day to Day
Lal says his daily activities center on “working on tools and technologies that can help producers do agriculture with minimal impact to the environment, principally water.” While pollution from point sources such as sewage treatment plants is regulated by the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System, there are no such regulatory requirements on agricultural runoff from non-point sources.
Thus, NRCS bases its work on a voluntary basis, says Lal, adding, “We don’t tell farmers they have to do it. We provide options through conservation planning to help both the environment and productivity.” Lal also spends time interacting with other scientists, reviewing scientific literature, participating in webinars, writing and contemplating how he can best make use of all of the information in designing tools, techniques, and transforming scientific knowledge into a framework which can be easily implemented by the agricultural community.
What Led Him to This Line of Work
As a youth in India, Lal had not planned to go into agricultural engineering, but his academic path eventually led him to the University of Florida, where he earned a Ph.D. in agricultural engineering. For more than 40 years, Lal has worked in natural resources management, specifically in agricultural systems worldwide, including India, Brazil, and the US. He’s also done private consulting work for many federal agencies. “I keep telling my supervisor I have limited time left on this planet, but I want to make a significant impact in the profession.”
What He Likes Best About His Job
Lal derives satisfaction through interacting with professionals worldwide. He enjoys working on water-related problems that could alleviate human suffering. He appreciates the freedom of planning his day to perform tasks. His positive supervisory evaluations support that as long as he is making contributions to the overall USDA/NRCS mission. “It’s satisfying if I have contributed something significantly in the professional arena,” he says.
His Greatest Challenge
Transforming complicated scientific knowledge into something the layperson comprehends in such a way where its real value is not lost is Lal’s biggest challenge. Because of the ‘green revolution’ that enabled agriculture “to do whatever farmers wanted as long as there was high crop production and high yield, we’ve gotten used to using water and nutrients to keep the highest crop yield, not the optimum crop yield,” says Lal. “There is pressure to feed the growing world population, but at the same time, we have to maintain our environment, including water, for future generations.”
Carol Brzozowski specializes in topics related to resource management and technology.
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Source: Russia in Global Affairs
Russian society holds two contradictory attitudes to Islam. On the one hand, according to Nikolai Silayev, “the myth about the ’mysterious East,’ characteristic of Western Europe, never really materialized in Russia: the East has always been considered endemic to Russia.”
On the other hand, notions of the “mysterious East” do exist in the Russian mindset, and it is only necessary to consider the many Arab fairy tales, the harems, and the India of Afanasy Nikitin, not to mention Japan and China. And if the Tatars did not pose a mystery, the peoples of the Caucasus and Central Asia posed it. The Muslim East has always been exotic, even if in close proximity to Russia.
Islam has at all times been perceived as something alien to Russia on the subconscious level: Muslims live primarily abroad—in the arid Middle East, Afghanistan and Central Asia.
This alienated view of Islam was largely promoted by official Soviet propaganda that divided Islam into “foreign,” that is, aggressive, politicized, and occasionally used as a slogan (jihad) in the liberation movement, and “Soviet Islam,” which was related to “backward old men” and “weak women,” and seen as a feudal relic. Needless to say, even then, some intelligent functionaries in the party apparatus and especially in the State Security Committee (KGB) realized that Islam in the Soviet Union had proved to be extremely resilient, retaining its functions as a regulator of social relations. But to reiterate, “Soviet Islam” was not identical to “their Islam,” while the religious identity of Soviet Muslims was regarded as marginal, doomed to extinction.
In the late 20th century, following the disintegration of the Soviet Union and under the impact of growing contradictions amongst the Muslim world, Europe and the United States, as well as internal conflicts in Russia, “Russian” Islam began to be increasingly identified with the Muslim world, with all of its strengths and weaknesses. This holds true especially for the North Caucasus—a border area that is a part of Russia and a part of the Muslim world at the same time.
The Muslims are perceived as alien or friendly depending on the specific political situation. The war in Chechnya caused the North Caucasus, in the public mindset, to move further away from Russia and closer to the Islamic world. Tatarstan, with its thousand mosques, Islamic University and resolve to adopt the Latin script, is also shifting closer to the world of Islam. Boris Yeltsin’s famous slogan, “Take as much sovereignty as you can swallow,” became a strong incentive for the Muslims to turn away from Russia.
The division of Islam into “alien” and “native” remains to the present time, which is especially characteristic of the new official ideology, although today there is a somewhat different emphasis: the qualifier “alien” is applied to Islamic fundamentalism (Wahhabism), as opposed to “native,” or traditional Islam, which maintains a separation of religion from politics and is absorbed into purely religious affairs.
The great majority of Russians judge Islam by:
- Actions of religious extremists;
- conflicts with the involvement of Muslims;
- radical statements by Muslim politicians and spiritual leaders;
- an influx of immigrants.
Very few people have opened the Koran, but yet practically everybody reads newspapers and watches television where Muslims are involved in bomb attacks, wars, and special operations in the North Caucasus, while in news reports, Muslim spiritual leaders are saying uttering banalities.
There are several common stereotypes associated with a Muslim: a head-shaven, bearded man with an automatic rifle; a terrorist wearing a facemask; a crooked businessman. It is noteworthy, however, that none of these negative stereotypes are associated with the Tatars, who, in their majority, especially in urban areas, are either close to or indistinguishable from the Slavs by their lifestyle and mentality. The Russian man on the street apparently ignores the Tatars’ Muslim identity: they are just neighbors that everyone has long become used to. “Scratch a Russian, find a Tatar,” as the saying goes. But no matter how hard you may scratch an Orthodox Russian, you will never find a Muslim.
The perception of the Islamic world has been aggravated by the 9/11 tragedy, terrorist attacks in Russia and in Europe, and the bellicose phraseology of Muslim politicians. There have been other “incidents” as well, such as the destruction of ancient Buddha statues by the Afghan Taliban (2001), the murder of Dutch film director Theo Van Gogh (2005), the prosecution of an Afghan citizen for conversion from Islam to Christianity, and so on.
Pro et Contra
In Russia, as everywhere, public opinion is influenced, above all, by crimes committed by Muslims, which are played up in the media. But while criticizing the media, politicians and other public figures for their negative image, it should be noted that Muslims themselves provide cause for their negative perception in the public mind.
Even without the benefit of a magnifying glass, it is obvious that Russians have ample grounds for complaints against immigrants from Muslim countries and regions. Meanwhile, attempts by Muslim spiritual leaders to cast Islam as a “world religion” are treated skeptically. First, imams and muftis are usually not eloquent enough to convince the public that they are right. Second, as freedom of expression is suppressed, judgments made in the media receive little credence, as was the case with Soviet propaganda. Third, the deeds of Islamic radicals belie Islam’s purported peace-loving nature in the public eye.
Furthermore, Russia has been fighting against Muslims for almost two decades now with little break. Thus, the enemy in the Russian mindset is associated with the Afghan mujaheddin and the Caucasus militant. The present generation of war veterans can rightfully call themselves the “veterans of Muslim wars.”
Russia’s attitude to Islam and Muslims also fits into the general context of xenophobia that in the first half of the 1990s was considered to be a hangover of post-totalitarian thinking; 10 years later, however, it has turned into a core element of the public consciousness. Whereas in 1989, some 20 percent of the population showed signs of xenophobia, by 2001 the share rose to 50 percent. According to Lev Gudkov, a well-known philosopher and social scientist, judging by its level of xenophobia, Russia had surpassed even Austria, the most xenophobic country in Europe.
A poll conducted by the All-Russia Center for the Study of Public Opinion on Social and Economic Questions (VTsIOM) in March 2002 showed that Russian levels of xenophobia were the highest against people from the North Caucasus (43.3 percent), followed by Central Asia (38.7 percent), and then the Arab countries (30.3 percent). The percentage dropped to 12.6 percent for Belarusians, Moldovans, and Ukrainians. Some 73 percent of Interior Ministry officers were biased against non-Russian immigrants.
It would seem that on the issue of immigrants Russia is in the same league with most European countries. For example, according to The Wall Street Journal (December 10-12, 2004), Europeans expressed discontent with the presence of Muslims in their countries (75 percent of Swedes, 72 percent of Dutch, 67 percent of Danes and Swiss, 65 percent of Austrians and Belgians, 61 percent of Germans, 56 percent of Finns, 48 percent of Spaniards, 44 percent of Italians, 39 percent of Britons, and 35 percent of Greeks). Yet it should be borne in mind that in the not so distant past, Muslim immigrants in Russia were Soviet citizens or are still Russian citizens; they speak Russian and can easily adapt to Russia’s cultural environment. Muslims in Russia are “strangers among their own,” while the older generation of immigrants share the same mentality with the Russians. This may bring them closer to the “host nation,” but it can also be an additional source of irritation: “We used to be in the same boat,” some Russians seem to be saying, “but now you are crowding us out, living off us, and getting rich in the process.”
Whereas in the past xenophobia was mostly dominated by anti-Semitism, now its principal target are people from the south—70 percent of them being Muslims. Alexei Levinson has noted that “Caucasus-phobia” sometimes affects as much as two-thirds of the population.
According to a recent poll conducted by the Yuri Levada Center, Chechens evoked a negative reaction from 52.3 percent of respondents, Azeris from 29.2 percent, whereas Jews from only 11 percent.
Jews fought anti-Semitism mainly by leaving the Soviet Union and Russia or, contrary to xenophobic expectations, while preserving their ethnic/religious identity, they integrated into Russian culture, asserting themselves as part of Russia’s new elite. Muslims are not leaving or integrating. Rather, they painstakingly guard their religious identity, and they have extensive experience in resistance, including armed resistance.
So, cautious and even negative attitudes toward Islam have a strong base. When asked the question, “Which religion is more alien (hostile) toward Russian Christian Orthodoxy, Islam or Catholicism,” 50.1 percent of respondents mentioned Islam, whereas only 12.3 percent cited Catholicism (Levada Center, 2002). It may be recalled that in a 1994 poll, only 16.5 percent of respondents said they held a negative opinion toward Islam.
A negative view of Islam is also cultivated through the dissemination of biased comments by Islamic politicians and spiritual figures. These individuals talk about the inevitable Islamization of Russia, in addition to prospects for creating an Islamic state, which oppose marriages between Muslims and “infidels,” and so on.
Xenophobia toward internal enemies is inseparable from xenophobia toward external enemies, but “Americanophobia” is fundamentally different from Islamophobia. The Americans are not feared—they are envied and their lifestyle is imitated. I would describe this as a national inferiority complex because it affects one nation, which in the not-so-distant past was a superpower, in relation to another nation, which is still a superpower. There is no inferiority complex in relation to the Muslim world, although there is a certain measure of irritation over the fact that the former little brothers in need of assistance—Arabs, Afghans, Indonesians, and Central Asians—suddenly grew up and started acting independently. This is incomprehensible, and it inspires fear. Military experts and advisers who worked in the Near East find it hard to understand how the Algerians, Egyptians, Iraqis, Saudis, Yemenis, and others, who had great difficulty studying the military art, were able to produce such a large number of professional fighters (mujaheddin) that caused so much trouble for their former Western and Soviet mentors.
To the majority of Russians, however, relations with the Islamic world rank as a very low priority. When asked the question, “What countries should have priority for Russia in the long term,” only 1.8 percent of respondents mentioned Muslim countries, with 40.2 percent giving priority to the CIS countries, 26.2 percent to Western Europe, and 7 percent to China.
On the other hand, Russians do not view Muslim countries as a threat to Russia. In a poll conducted in the late 1990s, when pollsters asked people to name states hostile to Russia, respondents in the 17-26 age group mentioned the United States (16.9 percent), Chechnya (13.1 percent), Japan (8.1 percent), Afghanistan (5.7 percent), Iraq (2.9 percent), Turkey (2.6 percent), and Iran (2.1 percent); respondents in the 40-60 age group gave the following answers: the United States (24 percent), Chechnya (8.5 percent), Japan (10.1 percent), Afghanistan (8 percent), Iraq (1 percent), Turkey (1.6 percent), and Iran (2.1 percent).
Islam in Print and Electronic Media
At the end of last century and the start of this century, media outlets substantially contributed to a religious revival. They helped increase the ranks of believers, shaping their religious identity and encouraging them to observe religious rites. Although this mostly applied to Russian Christian Orthodoxy, Islam was also given some support, but in a rather cautious manner. Whereas the revival of Orthodoxy was encouraged by the state, Islamic revival was permitted.
The relatively rapid formation of Islam’s negative media image in the 1990s was due to a rise in nationalism among the Muslims and the ethnic/political conflicts that erupted in the late 1980s, with the conflicting sides often invoking Islam to justify their cause. From the 1990s, Islamic slogans started to be exploited by terrorists. These factors could be described as objective.
The main subjective factor was that the difficulties that had arisen in relations with the Muslims quickly evolved into an “Islam scare.” The Islamic factor was blown out of proportion (in the mid-1990s, the war in Chechnya was often referred to as a “conflict of civilizations”); the fundamental concepts of Islam (especially jihad) were distorted; and extremist ideology was extrapolated (purposely or through ignorance) to the entire Muslim tradition. Many Islam-related publications were linked to wars, terror attacks, and armed conflicts.
Here are just a few typical newspaper headlines: Islamic Wolves Kill Russian Soldiers; Muslims Besiege the Kremlin; Chechen Whores Blow Up Moscow; The Sword of Islamic Revolution Forged in London.
Here is an example of a “model” text: “In the theater center on Dubrovka, not only terrorists and commandos but also Allah and Christ came to blows. Both suffered a devastating defeat” (Moskovskiye Novosti, No. 45, 2002).
Russian television also contributed to Islamophobia, and more specifically to Caucasus-phobia. Individuals with a clearly non-Russian appearance are principal actors in such television shows as Criminal Russia, Man and Law, and Emergency Report. A comparison of Russian-made films with European and U.S. films shows that among those who stand up to evil in the Western productions, there are many non-European faces—Africans, Arabs, Chinese, and Southeast Asians, for example. However, in Russian films, exclusively “blond fellows with a Nordic character” fight against the enemy.
The Islamophobia component in crime reports and thrillers is not the result of malicious intent, but rather an attempt to assess the global situation, adapt to the public mindset, and boost ratings. On the other hand, cultivation of the enemy stereotype has long been part of the government’s political agenda, even if implicitly. In the past decade, this enemy image has become associated with the international terrorist (i.e., the “evil Muslim”). This was followed, at the start of the 21st century, by restoration of the archetype of U.S. imperialist, allegedly linked with the Islamic extremist.
What is even more worrying is that there are virtually no shows on Russian television that provide an honest and truthful account of Islam outside of politics, the “conflict of civilizations,” and so forth. There is a pressing need for objective information.
It is also remarkable that in the wake of high-profile terrorist attacks in Russia, no attempt has been made to check the rise of negative perceptions toward Islam. After the bomb attacks in Spain and France, local authorities repeatedly warned the public that anti-Islamism was unacceptable. U.S. President George W. Bush, who in the wake of 9/11 had inadvertently used the word “crusade,” deployed an extensive damage-control effort, talking in favorable terms about Islam and emphasizing the need to distinguish between terrorists and Muslims.
Almost nothing of the kind happened in Russia. While I do not think that Russian politicians and media outlets should slavishly copy European and U.S. experience, the fact that Islam remains terra incognita for Russian television must cause some concern: this vacuum tends to be filled with crudely apologetic or, on the contrary, provocative Islamophobic material.
Islam in Fiction
The Russian people do not only receive their impressions by watching television and reading newspapers; they also learn something about Islam from books. The problem is that the noble characters in the works of Pushkin, Lermontov and Tolstoy have been replaced in Russian pop culture by thugs and sadists.
The Russian classics did not idealize “persons of Caucasian extraction,” but they did not turn them into beasts justifying their deeds by references to Islam. Those old books aroused genuine interest in Islam and in its followers; there was no Islamophobia there. According to Yakov Gordin, “the classics and their contemporaries did not see an inseparable wall between two apparently irreconcilable worlds.” The general attitude at that time was: Russia as a great empire was “doomed” to victory, while its adversary was doomed to submit and adapt to it. The empire can afford to be magnanimous toward its new future subjects. This prospect looked fairly optimistic from the 19th century.
Today, by contrast, the situation looks murky, to put it mildly. Alexei Yermolov, Pavel Tsitsianov and Mikhail Vorontsov were the past conquerors of the Caucasus. However, considering the tactics being employed by army and police generals today, the word “thug” would seem somehow more appropriate. Meanwhile, an insurmountable wall represents the differences between the Russian and the Caucasus Muslim tradition.
Public opinion is becoming increasingly aware of this wall. And pop literature, above all thrillers, provides ample evidence of this awareness. There are series of works where anti-heroes are represented by “persons of Caucasian origin” and where their religious identity is described with references to “jihad,” “Koran,” “infidels,” “Allah,” etc. “Wahit will avenge us,’ he said in a hoarse voice. ’The whole of Russia will be shaken by the hand of Allah!’” (Daniil Koretsky. Kod vozvrashcheniya (The Code of Return), Moscow, 2006, p. 26). This is a good example of the “clash of civilizations” made simple.
Actually, thrillers only touch on Islam superficially, as though to remind the reader yet again that murderers and sadists profess this particular religion. Islam is a de rigueur characteristic of anti-heroes. It is noteworthy that more and more often standing behind the backs of Islamic terrorists and extremists are Western secret services, but as of lately, also Georgians and Ukrainians.
A case in point is Dzhakhannam, a thriller novel by Yulia Latynina, a political journalist. Judging from the book’s cover, which details a split crescent and a Muslim rosary, with one of its beads shaped in the form of a bullet, it bears all the hallmarks of Islamophobia. The novel attempts to make a separation between the Chechen and Russian criminal underworlds, which live according to their own distinct laws, even though they occasionally cooperate.
In these various fictional tales, the Islamic, Caucasian/Islamic, and Western/Islamic threats are primitive but at the same time multifaceted. There are recurring storylines in the Russian version, but also in U.S. and European variety. There is an attempt to initiate a terrorist attack with the use of nuclear weapons (e.g., Daniil Koretsky’s Kod Vozvrashcheniya). In yet another doomsday scenario, Chechen Wahid, a character from Alexander Prokhanov’s book Mr. Hexogen (Moscow, 2002, p. 196), also threatens to blow up nuclear power stations, missile silos and chemical plants. Yulia Latynina is only slightly less bloodthirsty than her contemporaries: the terrorists in her thriller only want to blow up a storage facility with 3,500 metric tons of hydrogen sulfide.
The threat of a nuclear apocalypse is present not only in fiction, but is constantly discussed by serious experts, many of whom are convinced that terrorist access to nuclear weapons is only a matter of time. This is a Catch-22 situation: the danger of “Islamic apocalypse” is taken for granted; it is reflected in pulp literature, which inspires the fear of Islam. This shreds the fabric of interreligious accord, which in turn affects the global political situation. In the end, all of these factors can serve to justify preparations for a no-holds-barred, “ultimate” war.
Unlike the 19th century, modern literature generally caters to people with “a passive mind,” who are tired and stressed out. They take everything they read for granted. Few readers will take the time to analyze a thriller. This is fertile soil for cultivating a Caucasian/Muslim enemy stereotype.
The Islamic theme, however, is not limited to thrillers. In the past few years it has also entered sci-fi literature with an element of political philosophy. All story lines here evolve against the backdrop of total Islamic expansion that some authors see as an apocalypse, while others as geopolitical intrigue, possibly with a favorable outcome for Russia.
A “classic” Islamophobic novel in this category is Mechet Parizhskoi Bogomateri (Notre-Dam de Paris Mosque) by Yelena Chudinova.
Chudinova describes the triumph of Islam in Paris in the middle of the 21st century. In “Sharia France,” women have to wear the hijab. One street is called Osama. Those who have refused to convert to Islam live in five ghettoes, while practicing Christians are forced to recite their prayers in catacombs, and if discovered face death by stoning. When they learn that the French Muslim authorities are going to destroy the ghettoes, the “non-Muslim” survivors revolt and in the end blow themselves up in the Notre-Dam de Paris Cathedral, which in the last few hours before the destruction regains its Christian identity.
The Muslim community ostracized Chudinova’s novel, but the critics missed one important passage that proves the author cannot be dismissed as a “zoological Islamophobe.” She believes that one of the causes of what happened in France, as well as in entire Western Europe, was that the enlightened Muslims who settled down in the Old World were caught unawares by their wild and fanatical religious brethren. It is this fear of “wild Islam” that breeds Islamophobia, sustaining the concept concerning the clash of civilizations.
In Chudinova’s novel, Russia survived because it had just barely managed to close its borders to “Euro-Islam.” Following this logic, Russian (Tatar) Islam also saved Russia by its strong immunity to “wild Islam.” But for the average reader, The Notre-Dam de Paris Mosque will only strengthen hostility and hatred of Islam, while a more enlightened reader will replace Paris with Moscow and tremble in horror.
Mikhail Veller, Chudinova’s ideological soul mate, sends a disturbing message that the Muslims’ ultimate objective is to destroy the Christian world. “They [Muslims] are stronger in spirit. They are ready to sacrifice more. They sacrifice themselves every day, destroying all those that they consider to be their enemies. They are ready to destroy all of us… They are ready to destroy our culture” (Mikhail Veller, Cassandra, St. Petersburg, 2002, p. 169).
Veller’s plan to fight terror is impressive: “All terrorists are Arab Muslims. So if all Arab Muslims are destroyed, there will be no terrorism. Its technological capacity today enables the white civilization to start and win an all-out war with no holds barred.” This passage needs no commentary, except that the author might be reminded that in addition to Arabs, Avars, Dargins, Kabardins, Russians, Tajiks, Uzbeks, Uighurs, Chechens, Americans, and many other nationalities carry out terrorist attacks.
Vladimir Mikhailov’s Variant-I (Moscow, 1999) rolls out a whole landscape of a futuristic world. Its storyline is phantasmagoric: Tsarevitch Alexei survives the 1917 execution of the tsarist family and ends up in Iran where he and his offspring succumb to the charms of Islam. In 2045, some international forces (primarily Muslim, but also Israeli) attempt to restore the monarchy and bring it to power in the hope of making Russia an Islamic state.
The concept of the future is represented through the eyes of Mikhailov’s characters. Here are some of their judgments:
- “Russia needed money and allies to compensate for what it had lost at the first stage after the disintegration, and it found even more than it looked for – in the Islamic world;”
- “there is a pressing need for a consensus with the Persian Gulf countries by establishing an international monopoly on oil;”
- “nuclear weapons may be transferred to some of our Muslim allies;”
- “Islam unites everything; it is more comprehensible to the average believer than the Holy Scripture is;” and
- “soldiers professing Islam will never waver.”
What impact will this book have on the average reader? Mikhailov uses a potent word in reference to the Islamic world—“Islamida,” apparently to emphasize the omnipotence of this world. But this “Islamophilia” spooks the Russian reader, eventually turning it into Islamophobia.
Yuri Nikitin builds a similar concept into his books, Anger and The Evil Empire. According to art critic Leonid Fishman, they present an “Islamic project” that can be summed up as “ideological revenge.” A union with Islam is proffered as the only way of saving Russia. Thus, Russians become the “new shakhids” (martyrs, those who suffer for the sake of principle) and ultimately defeat the West.
It is noteworthy that both Mikhailov and Nikitin wrote their novels before 9/11. Presumably, after the tragedy, the idea of Russia forming a united front with Islam can no longer evoke an unequivocally positive response from the reader. Nevertheless, such views remain, and, amid growing anti-American sentiments, are still relevant.
Most of the books with an Islamic theme that I have read have one thing in common: today, the Russian state is unable to protect its citizens against violence. It is corrupt and weak, while its officials collaborate with the adversary and are part of the mafia. Needless to say, the aforementioned books are ephemeral with plots and heroes that are easily forgotten. But their judgments, which shape the reader’s image of Islam and Muslims, remain in memory.
The main cause of Islamophobia lies in reality, in the events that are unfolding both in Russia and in the world at large: conflicts in the North Caucasus, the rise of nationalism in Russia’s “Muslim republics,” migration, and international and domestic terrorism. The main sources of fear are largely personified in the “evil Chechen” and the “evil Arab.”
But the “Islamic threat” is not so much reality as the perception of reality. Cultivated in the media, reflected in artistic forms, and blown up by politicians and clerics, it has become part of the Russian mass consciousness. This refers to the Islamic, not Islamist threat, which really exists. The difference between these two concepts did not begin to be appreciated until recently—due to the efforts of certain politicians, experts, and journalists. As for Muslim immigrants, the general irritation at their presence has little to do with religion. Against this backdrop, books like The Notre-Dam de Paris Mosque look especially provocative.
This article has placed an emphasis on the negative perception of Islam. Yet I would like to draw the reader’s attention to the fact that some of the aforementioned figures could have a different interpretation: only 26 percent of respondents said that Islam was an alien religion, while about one-half did not see it as an aggressive religion.
We must face the fact, however, that it is unlikely that the negative perception of Islam in Russia will be reversed in the foreseeable future, especially since many factors outside Russia influence this attitude. Everyone is interested in stopping the rise of Islamophobia, not least the Muslim themselves, who should also be more cautious and circumspect, and not speak, for example, about the inevitable “Islamization” of Russia.
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At the grand old age of 63, just four years before his death, Karl Blossfeldt produced his first photography book, the internationally best-selling Urformen der Kunst (later translated into English as Art Forms in Plants). The book's 120 plates display Blossfeldt's remarkable photographs of plants – varieties from Equisetum hyemale (Winter Horsetail) to Tellima grandiflora (Fringe cups) — all captured in extraordinary detail, as if under the microscope, frozen into new forms almost beyond recognition.
Born in 1865 in Germany’s Harz Mountains, Karl Blossfeldt lived a childhood in the open air. As a teenager he became an apprentice in a foundry making wrought iron grilles and gates, objects decorated with plant-motifs, before then moving to Berlin to study at the School of the Museum of Decorative Arts. In 1890, he moved to Rome to study under the decorative artist Moritz Meurer, where he created and photographed casts of botanical subjects, travelling as far as North Africa to collect specimens. From 1898, and for the next three decades, Blossfeldt taught design at Berlin's School of the Museum of Decorative Arts. It was here, using a homemade camera with custom magnifying lenses, that he first began to take his remarkable photographs, for the purpose of teaching his students about the patterns and designs found in natural forms. Through the technology of photography Blossfeldt was able to reveal to his students details difficult to see by the naked eye. As he wrote in a 1906 letter to the school's director:
Plants are a treasure trove of forms — one which is carelessly overlooked only because the scale of shapes fails to catch the eye and sometimes this makes the forms hard to identify. But that is precisely what these photographs are intended to do — to portray diminutive forms on a convenient scale and encourage students to pay them more attention.
In light of this mission to reveal overlooked beauty, it is perhaps fitting that Blossfeldt chose not to obtain his specimens from florists or botanical gardens, but rather from track sides and railway embankments, what he called “proletarian areas”. In this sense, the photographs also stand as strange memorials to long-forgotten patches of land. These plants, many weeds, originally "out of place", now find refuge within the corpus of photographic history, immortalised upon the page.
When the gallerist and collector Karl Nierendorf came across Blossfeldt’s vast collection of photographs, he sought to publish them — Urformen der Kunst is the result. Though we know only a few hundred images today, largely selected by Nierendorf, it was thought that Blossfeldt had taken as many as 6000, many hung from the walls of his Berlin studio. In his introduction to the first edition, Nierendorf writes that Blossfeldt finds a “happy permeation” of three elements: nature, art, and technology. It is a common trope, oft-repeated in relation to Blossfeldt’s work. According to Hans Christian Adam, Blossfeldt strips nature down.
Blossfeldt might have used a fairly basic camera, but the results are startling. The plants become graphic, geometric. One cannot help but draw parallels between Blossfeldt’s Urformen der Kunst and Ernst Haeckel’s Kunstformen der Natur, published a couple of decades prior. In both works, the distinction between nature and art blur. Both depict nature in such detail, with such magnitude, that it appears as almost artificial, as an artwork. Indeed, upon closer inspection it is revealed that Blossfeldt did in fact sometimes retouch his photographs to emphasise and enhance the beauty of the forms he sought to celebrate.
Blossfeldt’s work was quiet and unassuming, but it quickly aligned with the avant-gardes of Weimar Germany: from "New Vision" to "New Objectivity". It provided a counterpart in the natural world to what others had attempted to achieve in the excess of the modern city: from the work of August Sander to László Moholy-Nagy. The critic Walter Benjamin was one of the first to review Blossfeldt’s book, claiming his fellow German had discovered the "optical unconscious": that which was invisible to the naked eye, revealed retrospectively or technically through the apparatus of the camera. In this sense, Blossfeldt completes Goethe’s idea of the Urpflanze — a primordial plant that contains within itself an infinity of potential forms: when dogwood becomes a bishop’s staff, when horse-chestnut shoots become totem poles, and the curly stems of the fern become iron railings. It is an art of revelation — "new objectivities" of nature revealed through the camera.
Urformen der Kunst was the first of three photo books by Blossfeldt: four years later there came Wundergarten der Natur (1932), and posthumously Wunder in der Natur (1942). All of Blossfeldt's published photographs have been collected in the highly recommended 2014 book from Taschen, Karl Blossfeldt: The Complete Published Work.
May 15, 2019
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Feeling sick lately? Struggling with poor digestion, nausea, or recurring infections? These problems are often caused by exposure to certain chemicals in food, deodorants, cosmetics, cookware, and other common products. Toxic ingredients are lurking everywhere, from water bottles and moisturizing creams to non-stick pans and shampoos. Many popular foods, such as potato chips, energy bars, flatbreads, and deli meats are packed with harmful ingredients.
When ingested, these toxins weaken your immune system and cause a host of diseases. Some chemicals, such as those found in cosmetics, are absorbed into your skin. These potentially dangerous household items and foods can affect your health, leading to cancer, DNA damage, reproductive disorders, and digestive problems. To stay safe, avoid these five sources of toxins lurking in your home:
High-Fructose Corn Syrup
High fructose corn syrup (HFCS) is one of the most dangerous ingredients in food. This sweetener has been linked to heart failure, obesity, high blood pressure, insulin resistance, diabetes, and cancer. Its side effects are well-documented.
Regular consumption of high-fructose corn syrup can kill you. This sugar goes directly to your liver where it’s stored as fat. In the long run, it puts you at risk for metabolic syndrome, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, dementia, and chronic inflammation. It also feeds harmful gut bacteria, which affects digestion. Additionally, many HFCS brands contain mercury and other contaminants that are not regulated by the FDA. This ingredient can be found in most processed foods, from ready-made meals and diet snacks to soda.
Cola and citrus-flavored beverages are made with brominated vegetable oil (BVO), a food additive that works as an emulsifier. BVO is high in bromine, the same compound used in plastic goods, flame retardants, and furniture. Studies have linked this ingredient to a high risk of behavioral disorders, weight gain, fatigue, migraines, and memory loss.
Even though the FDA limits the amount of brominated vegetable oil in sodas to 15 parts per million, this doesn’t counteract its side effects. According to researchers, BVO increases the risk for cancer of the breast, prostate, ovaries, and thyroid gland. It also causes psychiatric problems, fatigue, and cardiac arrhythmia.
Bisphenol-A (BPA), a chemical found in plastic bottles and food cans, has estrogen-like effects, which may disrupt the endocrine system. This compound interferes with metabolic hormones and increases the risk of heart disease, infertility, diabetes, and obesity. Studies have found that BPA is dangerous to human health even at low-level exposure. Millions of people have this toxin in their blood.
Fragrances, cosmetics, synthetic leather, and other products contain phthalates. These toxins affect breast development, decrease sperm production, and increase breast cancer risk. Research also shows that people who are constantly exposed to phthalates have higher rates of autism spectrum disorders, neurodevelopmental issues, type II diabetes, and ADHD.
The parabens used in shampoos and other personal care products cause toxicity even at low doses. In a recent study, researchers took samples of the breast tissues of 40 patients. Over 99 percent of samples contained parabens. These chemicals have a similar structure as estrogen, causing hormonal disorders, skin rash, irritation, and several types of cancer.
The best thing you can do for your health is to use natural products. Eat clean, make your own soaps and face creams, or choose organic brands. Avoid these toxic five in order to detox your body.
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Domestic dogs and cats, whether feral or owned, cause the death of millions of wildlife animals every year either by hunting and killing or through disease transmission. The reproductive rates of both species are very high and the current approach of surgical sterilization is too slow and ineffective to have a significant impact on feral cat and dog numbers. The ideal product would be a single dose injectable that causes permanent sterility for cats and dogs of both sexes and that could be administered to large numbers of animals in a short time.
Immunocontraception GnRh is a key instigator of both male and female reproduction. The development of delivery systems for continued life long stimulation of antibodies through injectable virus particles is being developed. The virus imbeds itself in muscle cells and produces lifetime antigens. Further reproductive hormones such as Kisspektin (2), FSH, LH or AMH may also be targeted.
High dose/long-term GNRH agonist Constant supply of GnRH leads to downregulation of the receptors and a complete cessation of the reproductive system in both the male and female. The already licenced drug Deslorelin works on this principle for 612 months. Attempts are being made to develop new devices to hold and release medication over much longer periods of time.
Cytotoxins delivered to specific sites killing cells that are essential for reproduction could be used. The toxin is conjugated to a specific antibody that binds to the target cells. The problem in reproduction is that the target cells are either in the hypothalamus or the pituitary gland and have to cross the blood-brain barrier.
Gene silencing/gene therapy A specific protein that suppresses reproduction has to be identified. Delivery of the gene via a virus into the cell for the production of the protein must then be achieved. Gene silencing works with small RNA fragments that are inco-operated into the cells DNA to turn off certain genes (3). This has not yet been attempted with reproductive genes, but in other human diseases.
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Wheat is included in the category of annual herbaceous plants in the cereal family. It is considered the leading cereal crop used extensively in the food industry. Wheat grains are used to make flour, which is used to create pasta, bakery and confectionery products.
The height of the wheat stem reaches 50-150 cm. On the stems there are flat broad-linear leaves. The plant is characterized by a fibrous root system. An oblong or ovoid spike with a maximum length of up to 15 cm is considered as an inflorescence.
Wheat starch, ground in various ways, is included in baby powders and soothing ointments. An enveloping agent is added to enemas to prevent inflammation. The fine type of starch is in demand in surgery, where it is used to cover bandages to form fixed dressings. Wheat germ contains a record amount of biologically active components that produce a healing effect, increase the body's resistance to the action of negative factors.
Doctors and cosmetologists actively use wheat germ extract as an effective drug with wound healing and anti-burn effects. The presence in the chemical composition of cereals of a large amount of vitamins and minerals determines the ability of active components to increase the number of fibroblasts and provoke the formation of natural collagen fibers. In cosmetology, preparations with plant extracts are used as anti-aging agents. They not only have anti-inflammatory properties, but also help slow down the aging process, increase the concentration of selenium and carotenoids, and reduce the activity of free radicals.
Wheat germ extract is required to be taken to strengthen the walls of blood vessels. This remedy is especially useful for older men, whose capillaries and arteries suffer from increased fragility and low conductivity. Regular use of wheat-based products can increase the elasticity of the vascular walls in the groin area and prevent the onset of circulatory failure, which causes erection problems.
Wheat effectively replenishes riboflavin deficiency. It is known that with an acute shortage of this important trace element in patients, seborrheic dermatitis occurs, all kinds of lesions of the mucous membrane of the lips occur. Compresses from napkins dipped in wheat broth are applied to places affected by acne and abscesses. Active substances moisturize and soften the skin, remove hazardous radionuclides from the body.
Riboflavin is important for maintaining the functioning of the reproductive organs. The biologically active component allows you to achieve the formation of a sufficient number of red blood cells and antibodies. The substance stabilizes the hormonal activity of the endocrine glands. As a result of the systematic use of wheat-based products, the function of the thyroid gland, adrenal cortex, testicles and pituitary gland is restored. The testes release enough testosterone, which is necessary for men to maintain high sexual activity.
In folk and official medicine, wheat grains are used to restore digestive activity. The germ extract contains a large amount of phosphorus compounds, potassium, vitamins B and E, which help to cope with painful manifestations:
The plant plays the role of a natural antibiotic and is often used to relieve the symptoms of inflammatory diseases in the stomach and intestines, create an optimal microflora, as well as prevent gastritis and ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract.
The rich mineral composition of wheat determines its effectiveness in strengthening the musculoskeletal system. Cereal culture helps to maintain the strength of the skeleton and muscular apparatus. The product is recommended for women during pregnancy as it contributes to the normal development of the fetus. Doctors prescribe a thick extract from cereal embryos for severe muscular dystrophy. The plant contains a high molecular weight protein that is quickly absorbed and allows you to maintain optimal physical shape.
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Welcome to a world of creativity and sustainability with Cooliglo!
In this blog post, we'll delve into the exciting realm of eco-friendly crafts inspired by the adventures of Cooliglo and the Cooligiers Club.
Get ready to unleash your imagination, reduce waste, and create beautiful masterpieces using simple materials found in nature.
Let's embark on a crafting journey that's good for the planet and fun for the whole family!
** 1: Introduction to Eco-Friendly Crafting**
Discover the joys of eco-friendly crafting and learn about its benefits for the environment. From using recycled materials to incorporating natural elements like leaves, twigs, and flowers, eco-friendly crafts are a creative way to repurpose items and reduce waste.
Join us as we explore different crafting techniques and materials that will inspire you to unleash your inner artist while making a positive impact on the planet.
**2: Recycled Paper Making**
Learn how to make your recycled paper from household materials like old newspapers, magazines, and cardboard.
Follow our step-by-step guide to create a beautiful handmade paper that you can use for greeting cards, artwork, and more. Discover the art of papermaking and see how simple materials can be transformed into something new and beautiful, all while reducing waste and conserving resources.
**3: Nature-inspired Art Projects**
Get creative with nature-inspired art projects that celebrate the beauty of the outdoors. From leaf rubbings and pressed flower art to rock painting and twig sculptures, there are endless possibilities for crafting with natural materials.
Join us as we explore different techniques and ideas for incorporating elements from the natural world into your artwork, creating unique pieces that reflect the wonders of nature.
** 4: Upcycled Crafts for Kids**
Turn trash into treasure with fun and imaginative upcycled crafts for kids. Learn how to repurpose everyday items like plastic bottles, yogurt containers, and cardboard tubes into works of art and useful household items. From DIY bird feeders and planters to recycled robot sculptures and cardboard castles, upcycled crafts are a creative way to give new life to old materials and reduce waste in your home.
As we conclude our exploration of eco-friendly crafts with Cooliglo, we hope you feel inspired to get creative and make a positive impact on the planet. Whether you're making recycled paper, crafting with natural materials, or upcycling household items, every small action counts towards building a more sustainable future.
Join us in embracing the joy of crafting while caring for the environment, one masterpiece at a time!
Ready to unleash your creativity and make a difference?
Join Cooliglo and the Cooligiers Club in exploring eco-friendly crafts and discovering new ways to express yourself while protecting the planet. Share your eco-friendly creations with us on social media using #CooligloCrafts and inspire others to join the crafting revolution!
**Stay tuned for more eco-friendly adventures with Cooliglo in our next blog post. Until then, keep crafting, creating, and caring for the environment!**
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At present, we live in a very confusing and changing social reality. Many conflicts of all kinds are taking place; whether ethnic, social, economic, racial or warlike, all of them generate a common evil: migration.
This issue presents great challenges to the states to be able to attend and protect the millions of displaced people that day by day are fleeing from these social events, thus presenting a challenge to the nations to be able to control such migratory flow, receive them, protect them and guarantee their rights; men, women, children and elderly people move without an apparent control and without personal identification, nor a resume that can be used to know who is entering this or that territory.
But this challenge does not have to be eternal or leave the most unprotected, the migrants, helpless, because there is already a technological tool that can give them secure, reliable, private and verifiable access to their background. This can be improved with the use of blockchain technology. Think about it... According to the UN, there are more than 260 million migrants in the world (and growing). This is a huge number itself.
Now, technology would help governments to control this mass of people, without violating individual rights, by having the opportunity to verify online, without hindrance or bureaucracy, the life history of each individual. For this, it is necessary for nations to promote the use of blockchain technology among their citizens so that by having a decentralized registry, this information can be obtained in real-time, with the prior authorization of each person.
When you are a migrant, and even more so when you are forced, it is necessary to be able to move with private, protected and portable information. This is offered by the blockchain, which is why it becomes a tool that will provide many benefits to those who carry it. Now, think about those organizations and foundations that usually help and provide aid in these times; many of them, if not all, need collaborations between citizens to be able to grant such aid. Sometimes, many people avoid giving help, either because of anonymity, not being able to transact in the currency of another country, high interbank commissions or loss of money in bureaucratic procedures or acts of corruption (it is estimated that more than 30% is lost in these events). Perhaps you have felt this way, you have wanted to help, but these limitations or others have prevented you from doing so. Well, we tell you that the blockchain is the solution to this, since it would be a direct transfer between you and whoever receives it, quickly, immediately, securely and privately.
Details to take into account
However, as with any technological boom there are also risks in them, scams and blackmail are at the order of the day. Policies or mechanisms should be established to ensure that those who declare themselves to be migrants for one of the initial reasons, really are migrants. That NGOs or aid foundations are internationally supported as such and are verifiable; that is why it is necessary to establish mechanisms that help to lay the foundations for people to have access to blockchain technology, to massify it and make it an integral part of events such as these.
With all of the above, it is concluded that there are more benefits and facilities for all those involved in situations of a migratory nature through the use of technology such as blockchain. It is secure, fast, private and reliable for the migrant. It is also safe, fast, and reliable for the aid agencies and, finally, for the host nations, by being able to establish and verify the identity and life of each migrant received.
For all these reasons, there is nothing left but to encourage and support those who wish to promote the use of blockchain as a tool to help migrants and support families in such difficult times. There is a great challenge, but the solution is already there.
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Vikings were skilled farmers who lived in Scandinavia during the Viking Age, roughly from the late 8th century to the early 11th century. They primarily relied on agriculture for sustenance.
The harsh climate in Scandinavia made farming hard work but it was essential for their survival.
Crops: Vikings cultivated a variety of crops, including barley, oats, rye, and wheat. These grains were used to make bread and porridge, forming a significant part of their diet.
Grains: Vikings grew several types of grains, including barley, oats, rye, and wheat. These grains were staple crops and formed the basis for making bread and porridge, which were dietary staples for the Vikings.
Barley: Barley was particularly important in Viking farming. It could thrive in colder and harsher conditions, making it well-suited to the Scandinavian climate. Barley was used to make bread and beer, providing both food and drink for the Viking households.
Storage: Vikings developed storage methods to preserve their crops. They used underground pits or structures to store grains, protecting them from the elements and pests. This ensured a more stable food supply throughout the year.
Tools: Viking farmers used basic tools like wooden plows, scythes, and sickles for planting and harvesting crops. The plows were typically pulled by animals, such as oxen or horses.
Wooden Plow: The Viking plow was typically made of wood and had an iron-tipped blade. It was pulled by animals such as oxen or horses. The plow helped break up the soil for planting crops.
Sickle: Used for harvesting crops, the sickle was a curved, sharp-edged tool. Vikings would use the sickle to cut grain during the harvest season.
Scythe: Similar to the sickle, the scythe had a long, curved blade. It was used for cutting grass and harvesting crops on a larger scale. The curved design allowed for efficient cutting in a sweeping motion.
Hoe: Vikings used hoes to break up soil, remove weeds, and create furrows for planting seeds. The hoe was a versatile tool in the early stages of farming.
Rake: Rakes were employed for gathering and leveling soil. They helped in preparing the ground for planting and in managing the distribution of seeds.
Seed Drill: While the exact design of the seed drill is unclear, Vikings likely used a simple version to sow seeds efficiently. This tool allowed for more organized and uniform planting.
Spade: Spades were used for digging and turning soil. They were essential for various tasks, such as creating planting beds and preparing the ground for different crops.
Wooden Trowel: Viking farmers used wooden trowels for tasks like transplanting seedlings and managing the soil around individual plants.
Axes: While primarily associated with woodworking and clearing land, axes were versatile tools for Vikings. They could be used for tasks such as chopping roots, clearing debris, and shaping wooden implements.
Baskets and Bags: These were crucial for collecting and transporting harvested crops. Baskets were often woven from plant materials, providing a lightweight and sturdy option for carrying produce.
The tools used by Viking farmers were generally made from locally available materials such as wood and iron. Their design reflected the need for durability and practicality in the challenging agricultural conditions of Scandinavia.
Livestock: In addition to crops, livestock played a crucial role in Viking farming. They raised cattle, sheep, goats, and pigs. These animals provided meat, dairy products, and hides.
Cattle: Cattle were one of the most important livestock animals for the Vikings. They provided meat, milk, and hides. The hides were used for clothing, shelter, and other practical purposes. Cattle were also a symbol of wealth and status.
Sheep: Sheep were raised for their wool, which Vikings used to make clothing and textiles. The meat from sheep was another valuable resource, and their milk could be consumed or used to make cheese.
Goats: Goats were hardy animals that could thrive in the challenging Scandinavian environment. They were kept for their milk, meat, and hides. Goats were also useful for clearing vegetation in areas where it was difficult to cultivate crops.
Pigs: Pigs were raised by Vikings for meat. They were allowed to forage in forests and open areas, contributing to the pigs’ diet. Pigs were a common source of protein for the Viking diet.
Horses: Horses were highly valued by the Vikings for transportation, agriculture, and even in warfare. They were essential for plowing fields and pulling carts. Wealthier Vikings, including warriors and chieftains, often owned horses.
Chickens: Chickens were kept for their eggs and meat. While not as prominent as larger livestock, chickens provided a steady supply of eggs and were a valuable source of protein.
The Viking economy was closely tied to their agricultural practices and livestock. Animals were not only a source of sustenance but also represented wealth, status, and societal roles. The Vikings practiced a mixed farming system, combining the cultivation of crops with the husbandry of various livestock to ensure a diverse and sustainable food supply.
Crop Rotation: To maintain soil fertility, Vikings practiced crop rotation. They divided their fields into sections and rotated crops between them, allowing the land to recover nutrients naturally. This sustainable farming method helped prevent soil exhaustion.
Irrigation: Vikings were known to create ditches and drains to manage water levels in their fields. This was crucial for preventing waterlogging and ensuring proper drainage.
Seasonal Cycle: Like many agrarian societies, Viking farming activities followed the seasonal cycle. Spring and summer were dedicated to planting and tending crops, while fall was the time for harvesting. Winter was a period of relative inactivity on the farm.
Fertility Rituals: The agricultural cycle played a significant role in Viking religious and cultural practices. Fertility rituals and celebrations were often tied to planting and harvest seasons, reflecting the importance of agriculture in their lives.
Adaptation to Climate: Vikings adapted their crop choices to the challenging northern climate. The short growing season and colder temperatures influenced the selection of crops that could thrive in these conditions.
Sustainability: Vikings had a deep connection with nature and relied on sustainable farming practices. They understood the importance of preserving the land for future generations.
Viking farmers were resourceful and adapted to their challenging environment, showcasing a balance between agricultural practices and their close relationship with the natural world.
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What are the key factors to consider when evaluating the credibility of Internet sources? How does “contribute anonymously,” “volunteers,” and “anyone with Internet access” impact the quality of the source material presented by the Wikipedia community? Is this a source that should be used for academic and scholarly research? Why or why not? 150 words
What ocean dynamics keep ocean pollution from being a local coastal problem? Do you think this is good or bad? What features of the ocean floor can be explained by plate tectonics? How do plate tectonics explain them? 50 words
respond to student posts
At convergent plate boundaries, the plates shift towards each other and collide. This high degree collision forms underwater volcanoes. When two plates collide, one of the two plates subducts beneath the other and oceanic trenches are formed. This causes the underlying magma in the mantle to erupt, but the water and pressure released by the subducting plate cools off the hot magma and causes it to solidify. On reaching the surface, volcanoes are formed.
The deepest sea floor in the Atlantic Ocean can be found in the Puerto Rico Trench. Why is it so deep? The North American tectonic plate is to blame. However other trenches of the same size can be found in the Pacific Ocean. What sets this particular trench apart from the others is the fact that the most negative gravity anomaly on earth can be found here. This means that there is force pulling down in that area. I did some further research on Puerto Rico and the surrounding islands. I was not aware that these islands are threatened by earthquakes and tsunamis. I knew that these islands were often hit by hurricanes, but the other two natural disasters I did not. It’s a little scary how some of the most beautiful places on Earth, are also some of the most dangerous.
How do other learners feel about play? Can you see diverse opinions in our beliefs about this activity? Respond to at least one other learner, discussing your commonalities.
Play is intrinsically motivated, freely chosen by the participants, pleasurable and engaging, nonliteral, activity engaged in by the player, process orientated, and self-directed (Driscoll & Nagel, 2008, 98). I believe that Hartley (1971) defined play the best: “play is the essential ingredient, the vehicle by which children communicate, socialize, learn about the world around them, understand themselves and others, deal with their problems, and practice some of the skills they will use in the future” (98). According to Driscoll & Nagel (2008), play is important in the lives of children because it allows children to develop a sense of competence, practice skills, develop socially, solve problems and make decisions in a safe situation, gather and process information, and express emotions, release tension, and explore anxiety-provoking situations (101-102).
I believe that play should be held to the highest importance in early childhood education. Theorists, well-known early childhood educators, and other teachers like myself all understand the importance of play. Play is how our students learn and grow. When observing the three 4-year-old girls play doctor and patients with dolls, I recognized different developmental areas that they were being learned/developed during this interaction: social-emotional (solving problems and makings decisions in a safe situation), cognitive (gathering and processing information), language (expressing emotions), and physical (practice skills). Furthermore, I think it’s unfortunate how many parents see play as not learning; therefore; I believe that it is up to educators to inform and educate parents on why play is so important.
Lastly, I believe that play can promote diversity by being what it is–unbiased. All children are able to play—no matter their skin-color, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, religion, or abilities. Also, play needs materials (for the most part), therefore; a wide-variety of developmentally appropriate materials can be used to facilitate play. Lastly, play can promote diversity by allowing children of different backgrounds to play with each other. This allows children of different backgrounds to learn from each other.
What is play? Why is it important in the lives of children, and what role should it hold in education? How can play help promote diversity? Use this unit’s video and readings to help you in this discussion.
When your child plays, they learn about them self and their surroundings. As educators you have to be creative and open-minded. Although, it is important to be intentional and have prepared activities sometimes plans change. Being flexible gives the opportunity for learning opportunities in any situation. Play is an opportunity for child guided learning. “Developmentally appropriate practice is grounded in the research on child development and learning and in the knowledge base regarding educational effectiveness” (Driscoll & Nagel,2008).
“Play allows children to use their creativity while developing their imagination, dexterity, and physical, cognitive, and emotional toward healthy brain development” (Ginsburg, 2007).
As an educator there are still lessons to be learned. Educators work a variety of children with varying abilities and disabilities. “Play encourages adults to communicate with the children in their lives” (Singer, Golinkoff, & Hirsh-Pasek, 2006). Adults support play by giving children opportunities to play, and by knowing when to intervene, and when not to intervene. Educators should be intentional and encouraging children to learn. Play is a way for children to learn about the world around them and to learn cultural values Although, it is ideal that people will do their job educators have to be held to a standard as well; ensure their practices are working. “Play is essential to development because it contributes to the cognitive, physical, social, and emotional well-being of children and youth” (Ginsburg, 2007).
Review the approaches described by your peers. Choose one learner’s post that covers a different program than your own, and respond in depth to that person, comparing and contrasting their presentation to your own. I chose Montessori
I chose to further explore the High Scope approach as it is an approached I have used in a center prior. High scope is a curriculum based on active learning and is a child-focused approach to learning. Child construct knowledge through materials, interactions with people, events, and ideas. This curriculum promotes problem solving, decision making, independence, and creative thinking. High Scope focuses its approaches around 8 content areas identified by the National Education Goals Panel. These content areas are Approaches to learning, Social and emotional development, Physical development and health, Language, literacy, and communication, Mathematics, Creative Arts, Science and technology, and Social studies. The High Scope curriculum includes intentional teaching methods allowing educators to create effective and engaging early childhood programs. This program also focuses heavily on adult-child interactions, the classroom, and the daily routine. High scope curriculum has resonated well with me as I am rather familiar with it. We used this approach in an early learning center I worked in 6 year ago. I really enjoyed the easy to follow curriculum and how the curriculum integration across the different content areas was so prevalent. I was unaware that the name had been change from High Scope. The content of the curriculum is very child based as identifies of the child interests. This curriculum guided teachers to plan activities and participate side by side with the active learning student as they construct their own knowledge. I found wen using this curriculum it was very child focused and allowed the child to direct their own learning and build off the environment to make discoveries.
I’ve chosen to explore the Bank Street approach, also known as the Developmental Interaction Approach, because it is one that I was not already familiar with (as I am familiar with Waldorf, Montessori, Reggio Emilia, and other “popular” early education philosophies) but it is one that I discovered to be similar to my own way of thinking. To get a better sense of the Bank Street approach, I went to the source – the original Bank Street School’s website (https://school.bankstreet.edu). According to their webpage detailing their approach, “at the heart of everything we do is an ongoing process of inquiry into what works best for children at each stage of their development” (https://school.bankstreet.edu,Our Approach). They go on to discuss how students are encouraged to be active and inquisitive in their learning, and to work collaboratively with their teachers and peers throughout the learning process (Our Approach). Bank Street is a whole child approach: “the philosophy engages the whole child for optimal cognitive, social, and emotional development,” which intuitively resonates with me as an effective means of learning (Our Approach).
A second website that focuses on Developmental Interaction Approach is that of The Children’s School in Boise Idaho (http://www.tcsboise.org). The Children’s School philosophy states that “A child learns best through active and independent investment of self in a stimulating environment – solving problems with other children, wondering, conferring with a teacher, expressing ideas, pretending roles, and being expressive with materials” (http://www.tcsboise.org, Philosophy). All of these ideals correspond gretly with my own. The Children’s School exemplifies the Developmental Interaction Approach by focusing on development as a process. This process is influenced and affected by the child’s interactions with their “social and physical world,” as well as their “emotional and cognitive experiences” (Philosophy).
The Bank School—or Developmental Interaction Approach—resonates with me because it allows children to develop at their own rate and through exploring their own interests. As Driscoll and Nagel (2008) point out, this approach does not depend on “normative child development stages” but instead makes space for each child to learn and grow at their own personal rate (p. 155). Additionally, the Bank School approach is “child-centered,” “experience-based,” and “process-oriented” (p. 154). It is the process oriented nature of this approach that is particularly appealing to me as I truly believe the most effective learning occurs during the process of reaching a goal, not simply due to the fact that a goal has been reached.
Review the plans of other learners and provide them with encouragement and guidance. Give substantive feedback to at least one other learner.
My center has 8 classrooms; infants (6 weeks- 10 months), infant-toddler (10 months -20 months), toddler (15 months-2), two’s, early preschool (2 1/2 -3 1/2 years old – not potty trained), preschool (3-4 years old), pre-K (4-5 years old) and Kindergarten (5-6 years old). In addition, we have school aged children enrolled during the summer/school breaks. As a childcare supervisor, I have been very fortunate to work all of the varying age groups. Due to ratios or scheduling issues, I often work with children ages 6 weeks through 10 years old every day. I have the luxury of being able to visit/observe children whenever I need to.
This summer I worked at one of my child care center in my town. I worked at my school district as a preschool teacher for 5 years this coming school year. Throughout my experienced I have enjoyed and learned many things from my students, caregivers and families, I do have a good relationship with them so far. I leaned different cultures, and religions. I felt great to know that they were comfortable allowing myself to talk, discuss, read and play with my students. I am grateful for the opportunity that I was presented to observe a different kind of learning and education. I am willing to share to my students what I have been learning throughout my education in Capella University. Regarding with my parents I am willing and open to discuss with them about their children’s learning in my class. It is my honor to know such a beautiful children in my surroundings.
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“By the Rivers of Yore and Lore”
Bodies of water loom large in general and biblical history. Somehow, turning points seem to happen on the banks of a river or overlooking the sea. In the biblical tradition, the first liberation account, a model for others to come, took root at the crossing of the Red Sea.
In American history, the Delaware River, which waters and softens a part of our Garden State, looms large for that historic moment recently commemorated once again, where Washington led his troops across the river from Pennsylvania to the New Jersey side, to march onward to Trenton where the Revolutionary War’s real tide would turn.
And so it was two years ago that I and my family journeyed to Washington Crossing to watch the annual re-enactment of that military turning point, an event that has been played out in full dramatic form, with costumes and other regalia for some 56 years. It has become more than just a Dec. 25 tradition for that area. It is an affirmation of a key American legend that anchors us in the history of this country’s Revolutionary War – except that for these past two years, more than 50 years after this practice of revisiting history was begun, the famed military move has just not taken hold. Two years ago, the heavy rains from previous days generated a current that Gen. Washington and his would-be troops could not go against. And this past year on that historic day, there were sunny skies but once again strong winds buffeted their efforts to cross the Delaware by boat. With thousands of history buffs and loyalists standing on the banks of the New Jersey side, anxious to see the legend yet again affirmed, the erstwhile Gen. Washington and his volunteer troops were once again forced to retreat to their former dry land. The efforts of these past two years were foiled by the weather, climatic conditions not unlike the inclement circumstances of that actual moment in history, so graphically depicted in many celebrated works of art.
I personally saw it ironic that the year that I chose to be a part of this event, an unlikely enthusiast given my Canadian roots, that another piece of history would be made. Wouldn’t you know that the year we chose to observe history remade, after 54 apparent successful crossings, would be the one that would see the boats flounder and nearly float downstream.
But there is a great teachable moment that emerges from these episodes of error in re-enactment. Our societies are rooted, born, and based in myth and narrative. We are carried forward by the tides of what has been told to us for generations. It is important that we practice history in the hope that we might even make it happen again. But even when we fail to carry out the same drama, in all of its detail and excitement and to the same level of success, we offer added strength to the story.
In Jewish tradition we are constantly reliving history through the events of our calendar. We literally taste and digest freedom through the foods of the Passover seder and we visit vulnerability and are fortified by our faith by dwelling in our sukkot. Can we absolutely reclaim and feel the full import of these moments? That is hard to say.
But by daring to replay these events in our trek through history we keep the story alive. What is important in all of this is not whether or not Washington’s replacements this year or last succeeded in the same feat that he allegedly achieved at that very same spot; but that we care to try to relive the moment and, in so doing, claim and appropriate the experience for our lives today.
Tradition and faith are very much rooted in the stuff of stories. We as a people have been driven and propelled across many seas in search of freedom in newfound lands on account of earlier successes by others, who dared to dream and do in the pursuit of new better lives.
Immigrants to this country, modeling their lives after the ancient Israelites, endured fearful and fateful crossings because they saw something better on the other side. What need not be lost on any who stood and watched with anticipation at Washington Crossing this past Dec. 25 and the years before, to see a glimpse of history repeated, is the power of the story and the claim of the narrative. These accounts still matter and guide us even when we cannot see them fully re-enacted, because the story has not only survived but endured. It is more than just nostalgia. Nostalgia is a sentiment – a sense of what was. One cannot easily explain it. One needs to have been there, involved with the original, or have experienced something like it, to be able to appreciate a nostalgic moment. Like a plane ticket written for a specific traveler, it is non-transferable.
A narrative on the other hand, if properly cared for and shared with others, even if there are glitches in re-enactment, has the power to persist, prevail, and inspire. Remember the huge outcry that made national news, when a Los Angeles rabbi, David Wolpe, dared to suggest in a Passover sermon that perhaps the crossing of the Red Sea never happened. This attempt at myth-puncturing and narrative nihilism raised the hackles of his co-religionists across all Jewish denominations, joined in this shared need to hold fast to an account that has withstood the trials of history and the vicissitudes of time. The story if told right and often enough, repeated and re-enacted to whatever degree of success is more than myth; it is our license to continue to live and benefit from the lessons of history.
Reb Ben Zion Schenker, a celebrated chasidic composer and ba’al tefillah, once crossed the Red Sea in a glass bottom boat; and at that moment was swept up in the currents of a much earlier time so poignantly described and re-experienced in this week’s Torah portion. Looking at the waters beneath him he was inspired to compose a beautiful melody to the passage from the Hallel prayer “B’zeit Yisrael mi-Mitzrayim,” coming to Israel from Egypt, that so eloquently recaptures that great moment of salvation, a tune which our family sings as part of our seder experience.
And so, as I stood on the banks of the Delaware, the unrealized recent efforts of George Washington and his crew didn’t fail me. They instead strengthened that story; and with its historic antecedent from our sedra, and through their efforts in earnest to re-engage with the past, gave both events a voice for today.
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Black Lives Matter: 12 self-care tips to protect your mental health during this time
23 June 2020, 17:31 | Updated: 23 June 2020, 17:36
During times like these, you deserve time to delve into some self-care. We've got 12 tips to make that journey easier for you.
We have seen activists, celebrities, businesses and the general public, from all over the world, helping to tackle racism and create change.
Diddy Says 'Enough Is Enough' And Talks Black Empowerment
People worldwide have fought against the deeply embedded socio-political issues racism produces for years, and now the fight has just become more impactful.
The covert and overt racism, the systemic and institutional ways minorities are mistreated is unfair and unjust.
While the fight is essential and contributes to making people pay attention to the struggles minorities face, it can be an exhausting experience.
At a time where you are physically, mentally and emotionally drained and your well-being has taken a dip, it's important to take care of yourself and nourish your body.
Sometimes you cannot bear but to put your phone down, due to the countless posts on social media.
Sometimes you don’t feel you have it in you to talk to your family, friends and work colleagues. Sometimes you genuinely need a break, and that is TOTALLY okay!
It doesn’t mean that your fight is less meaningful or your stance has quivered. What it does mean, is that you are tired. It’s understandable and you are well within your rights to feel that way.
So, in order to help ease your mind, Capital XTRA have come up with several self-care tips to guide people who are struggling during this time.
-Social support is key during times like these. Keep in contact with people who bring you happiness
-Fitness is a great way to help channel your emotions and focus your mind and body in the present.
-Create a tidy and clear environment. Declutter if you feel your surrounding space is too busy.
-Care for your personal hygiene
-Make ‘you time’ to do the things you enjoy
-Journaling (writing down thoughts and feelings) can be a great sense of relief and a way to release emotions.
-Practicing meditation, breathing, stretching
-Limit social media intake
-Talk to an affirming counsellor or therapist.
-Be gentle with yourself
-Know your capacity and listen to your body when a break is needed
Amongst our main self-care tips, we acknowledge there are spiritual cleaning practices that may help you. For further information, other black-owned businesses who focus on self-care have been linked below.
We hope this helped kick start or continue your self-care journey during this difficult time.
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This is a guest post by Julie Miller, a historian in the Library’s Manuscript Division.
A print of busts of King George III (left) and George Washington (right), circa 1780–1820.
For both George Washington and King George III of England, the summer of 1788 began a year shaped by illness and worry. Even though the sources of their troubles differed, each George had reason to look anxiously across the Atlantic.
That summer, George III began what would be his first prolonged bout of madness. It is uncertain what he had, but the letters, reports and diaries of the doctors and courtiers who surrounded him describe his symptoms. These included stomach pains, rashes, lameness, blurry vision, sleeplessness and discolored urine. His psychological symptoms were even more frightening: He chattered rapidly, incessantly, delusionally, even obscenely.
Through the fall, the king’s condition fluctuated. By November, he was unfit to rule, and Parliament began to debate a bill that would have allowed the Prince of Wales, who was allied with his father’s political opponents, to rule as regent. Parliament, like the king’s household, was in turmoil.
That same summer, the United States ratified its Constitution. By the fall, as the king was falling deeper into illness, George Washington learned that his contemporaries expected him to agree to become the first president of the United States. Washington expressed his dismay in letters to his friends.
To Benjamin Lincoln, who had been one of his generals, he wrote that if he was “constrained to accept, I call Heaven to witness, that this very act would be the greatest sacrafice of my personal feelings & wishes that ever I have been called upon to make.” To Henry Knox, who would be his secretary of war, Washington wrote that he felt like “a culprit who is going to the place of his execution: so unwilling am I, in the evening of a life nearly consumed in public cares, to quite a peaceful abode for an Ocean of difficulties.”
A view of a triumphal arch erected on Gray’s Ferry Bridge outside Philadelphia to receive the soon-to-be-inaugurated George Washington.
As Washington prepared to become president, he learned about the king’s madness from his European correspondents. One of these, Gouverneur Morris, had been a delegate to the Constitutional Convention and was now in Paris. He reported that the king had Washington on his mind.
“By the Bye,” Morris wrote, “in the melancholy Situation to which the poor King of England has been reduced there were, I am told, in Relation to you some whimsical Circumstances.” In one of these, “the Defender of the faith, in one of his Capricios, conceived himself to be no less a Personage than George Washington at the Head of the american Army. This shews that you have done Something or other which sticks most terribly in his Stomach.”
Was this true? Or was it gossip that Morris picked up in a country on the verge of revolution, where people were happy to spread stories about the frailties of kings? These stories do not appear in the writings of people around George III. Yet, Charlotte Papendiek, wife and daughter of courtiers, confirmed in her diary that the loss of the American colonies was still on the king’s mind five years after the end of the war.
She recounted that on being told that Lord North, who had been prime minister during the American Revolution, had been to see him, the king said, “[H]e, poor fellow, has lost his sight, and I my mind. Yet we meant well to the Americans; just to punish them with a few bloody noses, and then make bows for the mutual happiness of the two countries. … We lost America. Tell him not to call again; I shall never see him.”
In February 1789, the king began to recover. On April 23, a service of thanksgiving was held at St. Paul’s Cathedral in London. One week later, on April 30, 1789, Washington was inaugurated in New York. In his inaugural address Washington said in public what he had been saying all year in private: “Among the vicissitudes incident to life,” he told his hearers, “no event could have filled me with greater anxieties” than learning he had been elected president.
The Federal Gazette, a Philadelphia newspaper, reported on a single page on May 2, 1789, news of both King George’s recovery (above) and George Washington’s inauguration (below).
As president of the Constitutional Convention, Washington had already had a hand in shaping the office of president of the United States. Now, as he filled the seat, he and the new government were responsible for starting the federal machinery. Together, they shaped the presidency in reaction to the monarchy while at the same time, as former British subjects, it persisted in their minds as a model.
While Congress debated whether Washington should be called “His Elective Majesty” or “His Highness the President of the United States of America,” Washington wondered how to divide his power and authority as president from his status as a private person. He wrote vice-president John Adams, treasury secretary Alexander Hamilton and others for advice.
Adams reminded Washington that the presidency “by its legal Authority, defined by the Constitution, has no equal in the World, excepting those only which are held by crowned Heads,” and that it would be hard for the new nation to uphold its dignity and authority in the world without at least some “Splendor and Majisty.”
“Huzzah, the king is well” reads the motto on this tea set created to celebrate King George’s recovery. Royal Collection Trust.
Hamilton suggested a weekly levee, or reception. The Washingtons settled on two per week. Abigail Adams, who attended the levees of both king and president, wrote that the president’s “grace dignity & ease” left the “Royal George far behind him.” Despite the ease he projected, however, Washington worried that his behavior might be taken for “an ostentatious imitation, or mimickry of Royalty.”
The summer after his inauguration, it was Washington’s turn to be ill. A tumor on his thigh, accompanied by a fever, lasted for weeks. Washington’s illness, though serious, did not compare to George III’s, which returned in 1810 and made him incapable for the last decade of his life. Nor did Washington’s two terms as president of a new nation make him an equal in power to George III, who ruled an empire for 60 years.
But for a year between 1788 and 1789, when Washington rose to lead the colonies that George III had lost, they were equal as human beings — each anxious, vulnerable and aware of his own weaknesses and his rival’s strengths.
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Paper money can be traced back to the promissory notes of ancient China, Carthage, and the Roman Empire, over 2000 years ago—but the banknote as we know it today emerged in the 7th century and is still evolving. The main driver of its development has been the battle against counterfeits. With each advance in technology, forgers have been given new tools, and banks have been forced to devise ever-more ingenious innovations to foil them...
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**Understanding ASTM standards: An Overview**
Understanding ASTM Standards: An Overview
In the field of materials science and engineering, standards play a crucial role in ensuring consistency, reliability, and safety. One such prominent organization that develops and publishes standards is the American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM). With a rich history spanning over a century, ASTM has become a trusted authority in providing technical standards for a wide range of industries. In this article, we will delve into the world of ASTM standards, exploring their significance, development process, and impact on various sectors.
ASTM standards are developed through a rigorous consensus-based approach involving experts from industry, government, academia, and other relevant stakeholders. These standards serve as a benchmark for quality, performance, and safety, helping manufacturers, consumers, regulators, and researchers alike. By adhering to ASTM standards, organizations can ensure that their products meet the required specifications, thereby building trust and facilitating trade.
The scope of ASTM standards is vast, covering diverse materials and applications. From metals and plastics to construction materials and textiles, ASTM standards provide guidelines for testing, classification, and performance evaluation. These standards address a wide range of properties, such as mechanical strength, chemical composition, electrical conductivity, and environmental impact.
One of the key features of ASTM standards is their flexibility. They are designed to accommodate the evolving needs of industries and technologies. As new materials and processes emerge, ASTM revises existing standards or develops new ones to keep up with advancements. This adaptability ensures that the standards remain relevant and up-to-date, fostering innovation and continuous improvement.
To develop an ASTM standard, a technical committee is formed, comprising experts with subject matter expertise. These committees review existing standards, identify gaps, and initiate the development of new standards. The process involves extensive research, data analysis, and experimentation to establish robust testing methods and performance criteria. This meticulous approach ensures that ASTM standards are based on sound scientific principles and empirical evidence.
Once a draft standard is developed, it goes through a comprehensive review process involving public input, comments, and balloting. This ensures that all perspectives are considered and that the standard reflects a consensus among stakeholders. After the review process, the standard is published and made available to the public.
ASTM standards have a global impact, as they are recognized and adopted by industries and regulatory bodies worldwide. They facilitate international trade by providing a common language and a level playing field for manufacturers and consumers. Additionally, ASTM collaborates with other standardization organizations to harmonize standards and eliminate duplications, further enhancing their global relevance.
threaded steel tubeIn conclusion, ASTM standards play a vital role in ensuring quality, performance, and safety across industries. Their development process, based on consensus and scientific rigor, ensures that they remain relevant and adaptable to changing technologies and
**The Role of ASTM Standards in Ensuring product Quality and Safety**
The Role of ASTM Standards in Ensuring Product Quality and Safety
In today’s fast-paced and interconnected world, consumers have become increasingly conscious about the quality and safety of the products they purchase. From everyday household items to complex machinery, there is a growing need for reliable standards that can guarantee the performance and reliability of these products. This is where the American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM) comes into play. With its comprehensive set of standards, ASTM plays a crucial role in ensuring product quality and safety.
ASTM standards are developed through a rigorous process that involves the collaboration of experts from various industries. These standards serve as a benchmark for manufacturers, regulators, and consumers to assess the quality, performance, and safety of products. By adhering to ASTM standards, manufacturers can demonstrate their commitment to producing high-quality products that meet or exceed the expectations of consumers.
One of the key benefits of ASTM standards is the consistency they provide across different industries. Whether it’s construction materials, medical devices, or consumer products, ASTM standards ensure that the performance and safety requirements are met uniformly. This not only helps manufacturers in their product development process but also provides a level playing field for consumers to make informed decisions.
ASTM standards cover a wide range of product categories, each with its own set of specific requirements. For example, in the construction industry, ASTM standards govern the properties of materials such as concrete, steel, and wood. By adhering to these standards, construction companies can ensure that their structures are safe, durable, and meet the necessary regulatory requirements.
In the medical field, ASTM standards play a critical role in ensuring the safety and effectiveness of medical devices. From surgical instruments to implantable devices, these standards provide guidelines for manufacturers to design, test, and produce products that meet the highest standards of quality and safety. This not only protects the patients but also instills confidence in healthcare professionals and regulatory bodies.
Furthermore, ASTM standards also address environmental considerations. With an increasing focus on sustainability, these standards provide guidelines for manufacturers to minimize the environmental impact of their products. From energy efficiency to waste reduction, ASTM standards encourage the development of environmentally friendly products that meet the demands of a more conscious consumer base.
Transitional phrases such as “Furthermore,” “In addition,” and “Moreover” help guide the reader through the article by smoothly transitioning from one idea to the next. These phrases also add coherence and structure to the content, making it easier for the reader to follow along.
In conclusion, ASTM standards play a crucial role in ensuring product quality and safety across a wide range of industries. By providing a comprehensive set of guidelines, these standards enable manufacturers to produce reliable and safe products that meet or
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Mist is a captivating weather phenomenon often seen in cool, humid environments. It forms when water droplets condense in the air, creating a veil that can reduce visibility and evoke a sense of mystery.
This process occurs when warm, moisture-laden air meets cooler temperatures, causing the water vapor to transition into tiny droplets. The result is a soft mist that can blanket everything in sight, transforming familiar landscapes into dreamlike scenes.
Humidity plays a crucial role in the formation of mist. When the air is saturated with moisture and temperatures drop, condensation happens swiftly. The tiny water droplets remain suspended, giving rise to mist instead of heavy fog.
Locations such as lakes and rivers often experience mist in the early morning, as the warmth from the water meets cooler air temperatures. This interaction emphasizes the delicate balance between temperature and humidity in the atmosphere.
While mist can bring beauty, it also impacts daily life, especially for drivers and outdoor enthusiasts. Understanding the science behind mist helps individuals appreciate its elegance while staying safe during low visibility conditions.
For those interested in atmospheric phenomena, exploring mist can reveal fascinating insights into weather patterns and the natural world. To learn more about these atmospheric effects, visit discussions on various atmospheric phenomena.
Fundamentals of Mist Formation
Mist forms through specific atmospheric conditions involving temperature and humidity. Key factors include the transformation of water vapor into tiny water droplets and the physical properties that give mist its characteristic appearance. Understanding these elements helps clarify how mist affects visibility and the environment.
The Role of Temperature and Humidity
Temperature and humidity are crucial in mist formation. High humidity levels create an environment where air is almost saturated with moisture.
As the temperature drops, usually during the night or early morning, air can reach its dew point, causing water vapor to condense into tiny water droplets.
These temperature fluctuations are important as they directly impact when and where mist can form. If the air remains calm, condensation occurs just above the ground, leading to the visibility reduction typical of mist.
Water Vapor to Water Droplets
The conversion of water vapor into water droplets is central to mist formation. This process, known as condensation, happens when air cools, causing water vapor to lose energy and change into liquid states.
Tiny droplets form through a process called nucleation, where water vapor bonds together. These droplets cluster, growing larger yet remaining small enough to float in the air.
The size of these droplets impacts visibility; smaller droplets tend to disperse light more effectively, leading to reduced clarity.
Physical Properties of Mist
Mist has distinctive physical properties that affect its behavior and appearance. It consists of tiny water droplets, typically less than 0.5 millimeters in diameter.
These droplets scatter light, creating a soft, diffused illumination. Due to its small size, mist can reduce visibility significantly, which impacts driving conditions and outdoor activities.
Air movement also plays a role; light winds can disperse mist, while calm conditions can allow it to linger. Understanding these properties is vital for predicting its occurrence and impacts on daily life.
Environmental and Climatic Influences on Mist
Mist formation is strongly influenced by various environmental and climatic factors. Key aspects such as proximity to bodies of water, seasonal changes, and geographic features all play important roles in how and when mist develops.
Impact of Bodies of Water
Bodies of water like lakes and rivers contribute significantly to mist formation. When warm air moves over cooler water, it can cool rapidly and lead to condensation. This process raises local humidity levels, creating ideal conditions for advection fog.
High humidity near water can also lead to radiation fog during chilly mornings. As the land cools faster than the water after sunset, moisture in the air condenses, forming mist. Such conditions are common in valley areas where water bodies influence local weather patterns.
Seasonal and Diurnal Variations
Seasonal changes, especially in autumn and winter, greatly affect mist occurrence. During these seasons, temperature differences between warm air and colder ground or water create favorable conditions for mist.
In winter, chilly mornings often lead to the formation of dew point fog when the air cools down significantly overnight. This results in mist settling low along the ground, especially in valleys. In contrast, during autumn, warmer days can lead to evaporative fog as air cools at night.
Geography and Topography
Geographic height and local topography also influence mist.
Valleys and low-lying areas usually experience more frequent mist due to cool air sinking and pooling, which raises humidity levels.
Similarly, hilly regions can create rain shadows, causing air to cool and form mist as it traverses the landscape.
Different types of fog, such as radiation and advection fog, depend on how terrain affects temperature changes.
The interaction between land features and humidity plays a crucial role in shaping local weather patterns.
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For more than 200 years, the Army's efforts to protect Soldiers from emerging health threats have resulted in a wide array of significant advancements in medicine. George Washington's Continental Army Soldiers were inoculated against smallpox in 1777, setting a precedent for future mass immunizations. Maj. Walter Reed would later prove mosquito transmission of yellow fever, with Col. William Gorgas then using improved sanitation measures to prevent such transmission and ultimately stop future epidemics of yellow fever and malaria. Army doctors wrote the first American surgical textbook, kept the nation's first health statistics, and established the first American school of preventive medicine and public health. Many additional medical "firsts" followed in the field of combat medicine in World Wars I and II.
The U.S. Army Surgeon General's Medical Research and Development Board was established in 1943 to coordinate all medical department research with agencies both inside and outside the Army. In 1958, the Army Medical Research Board was converted to the U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command, which became the central agency for all Army military medical research and development efforts to improve preventive medicine measures and rapid treatment techniques. USAMRDC research program addressed problems unique to the military, and further applied directly to preserving the general health and safety of soldiers. USAMRDC's motto, "Research for the Soldier", fully captures the goal and breadth of its mission. In 1978, USAMRDC headquarters moved from Washington D.C. to Fort Detrick, Maryland.
In November 1994, a special ceremony marked the establishment of the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command; its motto revised to "Protect, Project, Sustain." This reorganization improved the Army Medical Department's ability to prevent illness and injury in deploying forces and ensured the development of medical logistics systems that enhance medical readiness. This allowed the command to more readily manage the medical materiel acquisition needs of the 21st century Army.
In 2018, USAMRMC was redesignated as the U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command. Today, the command provides solutions for America's sons and daughters who serve the nation around the globe.
The Institute of Surgical Research, which is based in San Antonio, Texas, specializes in combat casualty care research, and is noted as the world's premier research organization for enabling evidence-based solutions for the optimal care of the combat wounded. Research performed at the ISR recently led to an FDA extension of the shelf life of cold-stored platelets – a vital blood product required by Soldiers on the battlefield. The ISR also helped develop the SAM Junctional Tourniquet, which is designed to stop bleeding in areas of the torso – like the pelvic area – where limb tourniquets cannot be used. Further, the Institute showed that tourniquets in general – which had previously fallen out of favor – have a place on today's battlefield, as they're credited with saving numerous lives during Operations Iraqi and Enduring Freedom.
The Walter Reed Army Institute of Research and its unit in Europe stands as the DOD's premier research enterprise for infectious diseases, brain health, and Soldier performance optimization. In 2022, WRAIR partnered with experienced manufacturing entities to facilitate the transfer of key mRNA manufacturing processes to the WRAIR Pilot Bioproduction Facility, thereby aiding the development of an in-house capability for mRNA vaccine production. WRAIR's global research network has participated in the discovery, development, or testing of nearly all FDA-approved antimalarial drugs, and is further currently leading the world's largest HIV vaccine efficacy trial. In short, WRAIR is built to detect, mitigate, and eliminate medical threats to Soldiers, allowing them to face any enemy, anywhere in the world.
The National Interagency Biodefense Campus addresses bio-terror threats, with the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases – more commonly referred to as USAMRIID – as its hub. Notably, the newest anthrax vaccines in clinical trials today are based on a decade of work at USAMRIID. Additionally, by using a novel antibody discovery platform developed by in-house researchers, USAMRIID is spearheading the development of monoclonal antibody-based therapies for several hemorrhagic fever viruses and encephalitic viruses, including Marburg virus, Machupo virus, and the Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever virus, among others. Most recently, USAMRIID used this platform to discover two new therapeutics for Sudan virus, a so-called "cousin" of the deadly Ebola virus.
In medical chemical defense research, MRDC's U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense – along with partners at WRAIR – have developed a bio-scavenger as a pretreatment for nerve agent exposure. When administered in an appropriate dose, the pretreatment protocol protects people from nerve agent exposure for up to two weeks. Further, USAMRICD recently completed pivotal research on the Rapid Opioid Countermeasure System, which is a 10 mg naloxone auto-injector used to treat military-relevant opioid intoxication.
The Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center is a unique and integral part of the USAMRDC. TATRC engages in essential medical research focused on advanced medical technologies and is dedicated to bringing innovative telehealth solutions to the Warfighter and the Military Health System. In 2022, TATRC debuted the Taurus-M tele-surgical robot, a prototype tool designed to establish a semi-autonomous robotic framework that will enable safe and effective telesurgery in forward care environments by accommodating for signal latency and disruption. Also recently, TATRC unveiled the next-generation NEXUS laboratory; a sleek, high-tech research environment designed to explore and analyze the intersection of humans, data, and technology across the Military Health System.
The U.S. Army Medical Materiel Development Activity, with its expertise in transitioning medical products from the lab to the field, is currently working to ensure that vaccines for the respiratory infection called adenovirus will again be available to protect recruits going through basic training. USAMMDA's Warfighter Protection and Acute Care Project Management Office contributed to the development of the TicoVac vaccine, the first FDA-approved tick-borne encephalitis vaccine in the U.S.
Similarly, the United States Army Medical Research Acquisition Activity crafts contracts, grants, and cooperative agreements to support command's research staff, scientific effort, advance development support, medical products, logistics support, and supplies. This mission encompasses more than $1.5 billion and more than 38,000 transactions annually.
The command's Congressionally Directed Medical Research Program continues to provide hope for advancements in military medicine as well as in public health through their research programs that hope to find cures for breast cancer, prostate cancer, neurofibromatosis, and more.
Researchers at the U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Lab are helping the Army's aviation soldiers fight better, longer, stronger, smarter, and safer through their research in acoustics, aeromedical devices, jolt, vision, and safety equipment. An example is USAARL's Environmental Sensors in Training program, which seeks to identify both wearable and environmental sensors that can be used in military environments, chiefly those with applications to blast exposure and head acceleration impact. The goal of the project is to inform leaders when Service Members performing in military operations experience potentially concussive events, thereby prompting medical care.
The U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine conducts basic and applied research to determine how exposure to extreme heat, severe cold, high terrestrial altitude, occupational tasks, physical training, deployment operations, and nutritional factors affect the health and performance of military personnel. USARMIEM's work on the new Individual Heat Optimization Training Tool mobile application is the result of decades of research focused on developing algorithms designed to assess the exertional heat illness risk of any given population of Soldiers. On the other end of the spectrum, USARIEM researchers are also developing Cold Weather Ensemble Decision Aid, a user-friendly computer application designed to show the Warfighter which specific clothing items to wear based on planned activity levels in freezing conditions.
USAMRDC works every day to better the health and well-being of America's Soldiers, Sailors, Airmen, and Marines, with a constant goal of saving lives and improving readiness and resiliency.
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Quote of the Day
I like opera, I just don't want to be around the people who like opera.
— Justice Clarence Thomas, during a discussion of Justice Scalia and Scalia's love of opera. I also have experienced being around engineers who love opera – Justice Thomas is correct.
During my editing of a previous post on heart power, which assumed that the heart converts chemical to mechanical energy with an efficiency of 20%, I found some other information on the web that would allow me to estimate the heart's conversion efficiency. I always like to do calculations that cross-check one-another to ensure that my information is consistent. This post documents my heart efficiency estimation exercise.
I was impressed with the wide variation that exists in the heart's physical parameters between individuals. This analysis is going to be rough because of the wide variability in these heart parameters.
The analysis approach is basic.
- Using information on the chemistry of food, determine the amount of energy produced by carbohydrates, proteins, and fats for every mL of O2.
This information is well documented from numerous source (example). The amount of energy available per liter of O2 varies with the type of carbohydrate (e.g. glucose, fructose), fat (e.g. stearate, palmitate), or protein (e.g. alanine, aspartate).
- Determine how much of the food energy is actually available for pumping versus heat generation and keeping cells alive.
This is measured value and it will vary widely based on the individual and the heart's activity level.
- Obtain the oxygen input to the heart.
This value has to measured under laboratory conditions.
- Compute the chemical power consumed by the heart and compare it to the mechanical work generated by the heart.
Given a specific heart size, food mix, and O2 consumption rate, we can determine the rate of chemical energy production. Since I computed the mechanical pumping power here, we can compute the efficiency.
Heart's Work Per mL of Oxygen
Figure 2 shows how to obtain an estimate for the average work performed by the heart per mL of O2. Notice how the number varies with the composition of the nutrients (carbohydrates, fats, proteins) that are feeding the heart.
Heat and Cell Overhead Losses
Figure 3 shows the numbers I found for the energy losses the heart experiences because of heat generation and cell overhead (i.e. keeping heart cells alive).
Chemical-to-Mechanical Efficiency Calculation
In this post, I estimated the heart's mechanical output power at 1.3 W. We can use this number along with the average heart size and oxygen consumption to estimate the chemical-to-mechanical conversion efficiency (Figure 4).
I compute an efficiency of 22%, a number that is highly dependent on a number of assumptions.
My plan for this post was to use some basic physics and a few pieces of information from the web to estimate the heart's chemical-to-mechanical conversion efficiency. My estimate of 22% is in within 20% to 25% range given by numerous sources. This demonstrates that the information I have been reading is internally consistent.
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Thursday, January 26, 2012
My students have been working hard completing their interactive Science notebooks for our chapter on Classifying Matter. The first lesson in our Unit was on learning elements and atoms. We read the lesson in the book and then I go over a PowerPoint I created on how to break down atoms and to know exactly how many protons, neutrons and electrons a particular element has. We talk about how each of these components have a different charge of positive, negative or neutral and some ways to remember which goes with each one. Students are always amazed that how just one proton makes the difference between whether you have Hydrogen or Helium and so forth.
One of my favorite "quick" activities for this chapter is when I have my students build an element out of string and sequins. Before they can do this, they must figure out how many protons, neutrons and electrons the element has. Since they need to find matching sequins to represent each of these numbers, I typically only assign them elements 5-15 on the Periodic Table. They can quickly determine the number of protons in the element by simply looking at the Atomic Number. And from there, they know that the number of protons is equal to electrons. However, in order to figure out the number of neutrons they need to use the formula we created of p+n=aw (p = protons, n = neutrons, and aw= atomic weight). This is fabulous because they have been learning all about different formulas in math class and how to isolate a variable to solve the equation. They need to show their work on the back of their project.
Once they have figured out all the required data, they then cut a 8" string to form the barrier of the atom (in the future, I think I'll make it 10"). They then choose three different colored sequins to represet each of of the three different areas of the atom. They cluster together the protons and neutrons together in the center of the string which they know is called the nucleus. They then put the electrons on the outside of the string. They need to create a key on their paper to tell the reader which sequin represents what and put the name of the element and its abbreviation on top.
Math, Science and Art all combine together for a cool and quick project where the students are able to learn a lot and apply what they've learned. :-)
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Puppies like to chew on things -- you've probably discovered that fact, to your horror, if you've got a pup around the house. Maybe you've sacrificed shoes, purses, furniture and other sundry items to your pup's insatiable desire to get his mouth around something and gnaw. Take heart -- this stage shall pass. Provide plenty of suitable chew toys in the meantime.
Puppies aren't born with teeth. Can you imagine the effect that would have on the poor nursing mom? The 28 puppy teeth begin arriving between when your pup is between 6 weeks and 8 weeks old, coinciding with the time when many puppies start the weaning process. Just like human babies, puppies eventually lose these teeth to larger, permanent ones. The larger your dog's breed, the faster the teething process is completed.
By the time your pup is 12 weeks old, he should have a complete set of "milk teeth," or primary teeth. When you bring your puppy bundle of joy to the vet for his shots and checkup, the vet should examine the milk teeth to make sure all have developed. If a milk tooth doesn't develop, it's likely that the permanent tooth for that spot won't come in. Your vet will also examine the mouth for misaligned teeth, overbite, underbite and other dental problems. Parents know that teething makes human babies uncomfortable, and it's the same with pups. Your pup chews to relieve teething pain.
The first of the milk teeth to fall out are the central incisors, usually when the pup is between 12 weeks and 16 weeks old. Next to go are the fangs, properly known as the canines, at the 4-month mark. At 6 months old, pups start losing premolars. As your pup's teeth fall out, check to make sure the baby teeth aren't trapped along the gum line between the emerging permanent teeth. When teeth fall out, you might notice blood on your pup's chew toys, and his normal "puppy breath" may smell bad.
Your pup, which is now almost an adult, should have all 42 of his permanent teeth by the age of 8 months. Once his adult molars come in, he's done with teething. If serious dental problems concerning alignment, called malocclusion, are evident, your vet can perform corrective dentistry. Otherwise, a dog with misaligned teeth can experience pain and difficulty with chewing and eating.
Always check with your veterinarian before changing your pet’s diet, medication, or physical activity routines. This information is not a substitute for a vet’s opinion.
Jane Meggitt has been a writer for more than 20 years. In addition to reporting for a major newspaper chain, she has been published in "Horse News," "Suburban Classic," "Hoof Beats," "Equine Journal" and other publications. She has a Bachelor of Arts in English from New York University and an Associate of Arts from the American Academy of Dramatics Arts, New York City.
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Popular Science’s Play issue is now available to everyone. Read it now, no app or credit card required.
People have been challenging their wits since at least the third millennium BCE, when ancient Sumerians carved riddles into stone tablets. (Try this one, for example: “There is a house. One enters it blind and comes out seeing. What is it?”) Over time, we’ve developed puzzles that test a variety of skills—and revamped the most popular forms to make them ever trickier. Yet as the difficulty of brainteasers has grown, so too has our urge to tap them for sweet respite from the everyday. Enjoy a little escape and see how many of these you can crack. (Pssst. It’s a school.)
Answers can be found at the bottom of the article.
Players pencil in letters to feel the teensy “aha” rush when the answer fits. Research also shows that satisfaction might not be the only upside to crosswords: Regular playing may help delay memory loss and other signs of cerebral aging. Whatever the reason for our obsession, in the 107 years since a New York City newspaper first published one, the audience has grown steadily and now includes the hundreds of thousands of fans who try to defeat The New York Times’ trickiest grids daily.
Click here to view and download the crossword puzzles.
Three-dimensional mazes can make us feel as if there’s no escape. Even in 2D, a confusing path poses a unique challenge to our internal GPS. If the route is circuitous enough, even on paper, our hippocampus, which regulates learning and memory, kicks into overdrive to make sense of the environment. It uses visible cues—say a familiar switchback—to help us wend our way from one end to another.
Click here to view and download the maze puzzles with some bonus riddles.
You can solve almost any sudoku as long as there are at least 17 numbers filled in at the start. Unlike crosswords, these numerical grids require zero vocabulary and so translate to folks whose languages use pictograms instead of letters. While doing one daily might not turn you into an arithmetic marvel, some studies have suggested that these kinds of tasks can help keep noggins spry longer.
Click here to view and download the sudoku puzzles.
For more than 1,200 years, logic puzzles have revealed how well we reason. Although solving them can require some tricky calculations, they rarely involve any traditional arithmetic. They also test less concrete skills like imagination and memory. Most are crackable with some head-scratching and regular ol’ pencil and paper, but contemporary mathematicians also apply advanced techniques, including a type of problem-solving called dynamic programming, to parse the baffling clues.
Click here to view and download the logic puzzles.
Click here to view and download the answers.
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Explore why the narrative of gender equality often seems one-sided and understand the need for stronger laws for men’s rights in India, highlighting the pressing reasons for legal reform and balanced advocacy.
Most Fascinating Pictures of an Inventor and a Scientist who was a Pioneer in Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, as well as a great Futurist.
Know how Benjamin Franklin was a multi-talented American inventor, civic activist, statesman, soldier, and diplomat. He was also one of the most important Founding Fathers of the United States.
Shri C.V. Raman: The Indian physicist behind the field of light scattering. C.V. Raman was the first person from Asia to be awarded the Nobel Prize. Know more about his life in this article.
In this article, we have discussed how Indian nuclear scientists strangely disappeared one by one, all of them were linked by a common thread "nuclear energy" in some way nuclear weapons.
Strangely, Bhabha died just 13 days after Lal Bahadur Shastri died, Why? Was it an unfortunate death or a conspiracy? do they both were killed because they both wanted to make India a Nuclear Power Nation?
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By Tim Pillsworth
“A Jack of all trades, master of none…” It’s a familiar saying that has been slung around for generations, and the quote apparently started back in 1592 in a booklet, “Greene’s Groats-Worth of Wit,” referring to Shakespeare. Sometime around 1721 the saying was changed to: “A Jack of all trades is a master of none, but oftentimes better than a master of one” (from the book Essays and Characters of a Prison). Just look around yourself and family. There is one family member, friend, or neighbor who could fix just about everything: the car sensor or brakes, home renovations, and the toys requiring assembly on Christmas morning. For my family and neighborhood, that was my dad. He did it all. Family members would stop by to have their cars fixed. He would work on their homes, installing a sink, outlet, and various other things. I learned much from him, but didn’t appreciate the extent of that learning until I grew older. The shortened quote referred to above, however, is somewhat insulting to the generalist, the person who can do just about anything.
- Training to Increase Base Knowledge
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What does this have to do with the fire service? Everything. The American firefighter is the generalist, the jack-of-all-trades. This is particularly the case with volunteer or small career departments. In very large departments, someone can spend their entire career on the engine or the truck, becoming more of a specialist, however these members still must maintain the general knowledge of the other tasks.
An Era of Specialization
Indeed, entire companies have been created with the idea that generalists working together is more advantageous than a group of specialists. Bill Gates, the creator of one of the most influential and advanced companies in the world, has said: “Generalists provide interdisciplinary thinking in solving problems based on diverse experience. Given the merits of both types, what does research suggest about employment opportunities and career outcomes of being a specialist versus a generalist?” As a volunteer firefighter who also has a paid career position, over the past decade or so there has been a push for a specialist for each work trade. For years, I was a project engineer managing large complex construction projects. Each project had all facets of construction: site, masonry, concrete, steel, electrical, mechanical and many others. To have a productive and smooth construction project, the project engineers required knowledge of the trades that are working on the project. The jack-of-all-trades engineer is needed to ensure the construction project was moving forward correctly, on schedule, and with high-quality results. Being able to understand the work, correct deficiencies, and answer questions correctly was a must. With the shift to having a group of single-task or trade specialists giving insight and assistance to those in the field, time and efficiency was lost over time. The so-called “expert” typically does not have the overall knowledge in the other trades to offer a complete answer or direction that will not impact other trades. This was the start of the “stove pipe” design and construction management, where you learn and only complete one specific task or trade. An expanse of knowledge was neither desired nor rewarded.
The Firefighter as Generalist
Thinking back to the start of your fire service training, you learned each task on the fireground and how each is affected or supported by the others: search, recovery, stretching, flowing, ventilation, extrication, hazmat, EMS, and so on. This included tasks as simple of venting in front of the hose team and the timing of such operations. At the start of our firefighting careers, we are all generalists.
As we move forward in our careers, many of us gravitate toward one aspect of the fire because of enjoyment of the task or simply because of where we end up. Engine or truck company, extrication, wildland…we all have our favorite. We all were taught and trained on the basic skills of all the needed tasks on the fireground. Over the past few years, our training has expanded into areas once considered specialties, such as hazardous materials, rope rescue and various other technical rescue disciplines, and so forth. Although all specialized training is important, we cannot forget the basics of our craft. A firefighter must continue to be a jack-of-all-trades.
Yet, per that quote from Bill Gates, the specialist idea has not taken hold. When there is a large and popular trend in business, many corporations jump on the bandwagon so as to seem current with the latest changes. We have see this in businesses, with everyone being all but required to be an expert or have letters after their name to justify their title, pay, and chance of advancement. Although these things are important, they cannot be the destination. The fire service has in some way fallen into this trend.
Beyond the Basics
Forty or more years ago, the fire service was, for the most part, just that. The local fire department responded to fires, some motor vehicle accidents, and limited other emergencies. As time moved forward, with the advent of hydraulic extrication equipment in the early 1970s and an overall increase in traffic, the fire department responded to most if not all motor vehicle accidents. Then there was the addition of medical response and support. After that came the introduction of technical rescue, hazmat, general hazards (storm response), and the list goes on and on, customized to your local demographics and needs. The fire department became the go-to call for just about every emergency, and the population wanted specialization in everything.
The training in the past was focused in the basics. We trained the basics at every drill and class, because that was what we were expected to perform when we were call upon. Nowadays, training is expected on the myriad subdisciplines needed for the emergencies we may conceivably respond to.
Are firefighters, then, beginning to lose that generalist aspect? The fact remains that although we can perform with proficiency at a variety of calls, there is not enough time to become an expert at everything. If you are not in a large department or lack adequate staffing, how can you span the gap?
The need for generalists remains today, but the knowledge base has expanded. As in the past, we all must be fluent in basic firefighting tasks, but we must anticipate the needs of our communities and their expectations. Whether it is medical, extraction, and general hazard response, that required knowledge base must be incorporated into the jack-of-all-trades mentality.
Crucially, we must be generalists in the skills that cover our typical first-due area. That would be response to fires (structure, car, brush), and the other emergencies your department would typically find in your community (medical, extraction, general hazard, storm response, and so on). Train on the basics of those specific tasks and ask this simple question: Does everyone need to be an expert in everything? For example, does every member need to be an EMT or a rope rescue technician? Or do you need to have enough trained members at the levels required to cover the needs of the community? In most cases, there is no a need to have everyone a specialist in everything.
To cover your first-due minimum, you must determine your area’s risks. What are the risks that you would be expected to respond to? Drive your district or first-due area and gather the information. Do you have bodies of water in your first-due area? If so, water/ice rescue could be important training. Heavy interstate traffic? Knowledge of extrication, traffic control, and heavy rig rescue is in order. Have large farms? Knowledge of farm equipment rescue techniques would be warranted. This list goes on. Most departments will not have more than a few of the “extra” response duties.
To determine what you might require outside the traditional basics, generate reports from the National Fire Incident Reporting System (NFIRS). Examining incident trends can also underscore what specialized training is needed.
Risks and Return on Investment
Train and become proficient on the incidents you are likely to respond to. It might sound great to have a high-angle rope rescue team or a dive team, but if you don’t respond to such calls, is it a waste of effort (that is, time and money) to spend training on that specialty. Time is limited for everyone, so why train for something that your department doesn’t respond to, or responds to only rarely?
Although it may be “fun” to have a specialized response team out of your firehouse, is the burden on your members worth the return? Each specialized team requires planning, funding, management, tracking, and of course, personnel. All of this involves time, which is the enemy of many fire department members’ schedules. Whether it’s having a paying job, longer commutes, families, and time for themselves, available hours are dropping at a faster pace than the increase in training needs and requirements. Adding many hours of additional training for a team that cannot be fully supported locally and or isn’t truly needed would be an overall wasted effort.
How can we continue to be generalists in a world that wants specialists? Simply put, we must choose. Choose the basics that your community needs. When it comes to tasks that are too large, costly, or complicated, work towards a regional response. Unless you are in a large department, having a specific team for each specific specialized response is likely impossible, but multi-department regional specialized teams will allow the needed response. This requires involvement from interested members but doesn’t involve exhausting a single department’s resources. These resources are not only financial, but also personal, as well. The regional approach has been proven to work in many areas with the town- or county-wide team.
The second method would be to choose to be the lead department for one specialized team. By training and suppling one team, there can be concentration for a single specialty while allowing the time, staffing, and funding to remain for core response requirements. The addition of only “one” special service will not be an overwhelming workload for the members. The specially chosen should be one that is needed for the home or primary department. Some examples might be having a water rescue team due to proximity to bodies of water, or having a high-angle rescue team if cliffs and trails are nearby. The first due needs can be expanded and shared regionally. Other departments within the region can support “your” team with their own members by knowing the basics and, if allowed, their members joining your team. Other specialized teams that are needed within the region can be supported and managed by other departments. Thus, multiple departments share the work and funding loads that all specialized teams require.
The Return of the Generalists
The jack-of-all-trades mentality is resurgent in many departments across this country. The time and financial burdens that most of our fire departments are dealing with have revealed what is truly needed by our community. Many have noticed that some of our basics have slipped due to agencies trying to focus on too many specialties. If there is a need for a specialized team, choose and support one additional team, then support and rely on neighbors for other technical teams.
Being a jack-of-all-trades not only supports our communities but allows our departments to return to those basics that win the day 99% of the time. Being a jack-of-all-trades should not be an insult but instead a compliment; take pride in being an expert in the basics, and your communities will thank you.
Tim Pillsworth has been active in the volunteer fire service since 1986 and is an active member of the Washingtonville (NY) Fire Department. He is a past chief and life member of the Winona Lake (NY) Engine Company. He presents on engine company operations, PPE, and leadership.
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- Welcome aboard
Welcome to the course - Interview based Puzzle Questions
This helps you to understand how to convert logic and write it in the form of diagrammatic and textual way. - Operating Systems
This is asked quite often in interviews in this we will cover all the major things asked in interviews starting from types of OS, Process management, Memory and disk management etc. Also, the classical problems asked in Interviews are covered in great depth. - Computer Networks
In this section we will understand multiple types of network layers(data & network etc.) and later covering all the other important topics along with the Interview problems. - Database management system
DBMS is itself an important thing be it in terms of moving towards development or cracking placement interviews. We will understand SQL queries, Normalizations, Schedules, Transaction and Concurrency etc. in great depth to help you master this topic. - Web Technologies
Internet Protocols are an important part of web here we will understand the architecture and working of the search engines along with the web frameworks.
This is the one of most important data structure that is generally easy to understand but algorithms and concepts of this topic can be very tricky and it is asked in almost every tech company.
Algorithms such as Binary Search, Sorting, Maximum Subarrays, and Searching are must to do in order to get a good grasp of this topic. - Character Arrays
This is another type of an array, just that you need to understand how to handle strings using character arrays, It will help you understand how the variation of data type in array change the way we handle this data structure. - Pointers
This most important topic to understand in order to move towards the advanced data structures, it is just like another datatype to help store address of memory we create to store data. - Algorithms STL
STL is one of the most useful thing that to write codes in a faster way, this is something comes very handy in competitive programming and online coding practise sites. - Bitmasking
In this section, we will understand how Bitwise operators like AND, OR, XOR, and NOT to work on machine code to help write the programs that works faster, since computer understands machine code. This concept is also very useful in Recursion as well as Dynamic programming advanced concepts. - Strings
It's an alternative to Character Array, Strings data type helps in handling string easier and faster. In depth understanding of this concept becomes easier after understanding OOPs concepts.
- Recursion Introduction
Inorder to understand Recursion we must understand Recursion, so this is what is focussed here i.e. write codes using Recursion.
It is used in Dynamic Programming and as well as in data structure such as Trees, Graphs, and Heap etc. - Deep Diving into recursion
In this section, we will start exploring how to form recurrence relations using problem statements and mainly discussing recursion on arrays and strings. - Recursion on Subsets
In this section, we will understand how to solve algorithms such as phone search and advanced concept of Knapsack that is mostly asked in Interviews. - Backtracking
It is the most important concept to understand in Recursion and it is thoroughly checked in Interviews and Technical Rounds. If one has to master recursion they need to master backtracking. - Time and Space Complexity
It helps us to compare the algorithms on the basis of Time and Space it takes to run the code and help us to master how to write codes by considering constraints of the problem.
- Object Oriented Programming
One of the most important topic to build data structures, this is not only used in every data structure but also help us to understand how to associate the real world with programming language. - Vectors
This data structure is used to store data and avoid the hustle of dynamic memory allocation to increase the space manually. Used in topics such as Dynamic Programming, Hashmaps, Graphs etc. - Linked List
In this topic we learn how to store data in a non-contiguous manner and we understand how the Linked List can work in a better time complexity that other data structures in some operations. - Stack
It follows the principle of Last In and First Out, although this data structure can be easily understood but the concept of LIFO can be used to solve some typical problems such as Histogram Area, Stock Span, and Balanced Parantheses etc. - Queues
This data structure works just like a normal queue does and it is mainly used as a helping data structure in Trees and Graphs. - Deque
It will help you in the Interview questions based on Sliding Window.
- Binary Trees and Binary Search Trees
In this data structure, we learn how to store data in a hierarchical format. It is one of the most important topic from Interview point of view and questions from this topic is frequently asked in companies such as Amazon, Microsoft, Flipkart and Google etc. - Heap
This data structures helps you to understand how the infinite stream of data coming can be accessed to fetch the useful information, for example, find the most sold products on any website? - Hashmap
It helps us to understand how we can store, update and delete the data in constant time. It is majorly used in Dynamic Programming and Graphs to help us make the time complexities of the algorithms better. - Graphs
The most popular data structures in companies like Direct-i, Google, and Arcesium etc.
It is usually considered tough because of the dependency on other data strucutres such as queue, hashmaps, sets, and heap etc. but once you get a taste of how to apply these things together it will make you a better programmer. - Tries
It helps us to search in constant time and incase you want to use auto suggestions features of Amazon, Flipkart or other sites search bar this is the solution.
Many problems such as Maximum-Xor, and Maximum Sum etc. uses tries to help improve complexity of the problem.
- One Dimensional Dynamic Programming
We learn how we can improve the time complexities of Recursive algorithms drastically using concepts like Top Down approach. Also we convert out Top down approach to bottom up approach using the recurrence relation and DP concept, it's exactly what is required for the master DP. - Two Dimensional Dynamic Programming
The most important concepts of DP are Knapsack, Optimal Game strategy, and solving string problems using 2D storage there by improving their complexities multiple folds. - Top DP Algorithms
Knapsack, LCS, LIS, Matrix Chain Multiplication are amongst the topics/algorithms that one should know to crack top placements. - Greedy Algorithms
This is where you learn how being greedy can benefit you to solve certain problems in a faster way. The main point of focus here is to understand where we can apply Greedy over Dynamic Programming.
- Real life projects
In this section we will cover the real world applications of the algorithms that we did in the course itself. Building applications like Splitwise algorithms and Sudoku Solver etc. - Policy Based data structures
We will give you a breif about how the policy based data strucutres can help you in certain aspects. - Number theory
In this section we will cover how the number theory concepts can be used in solving advanced problem solving and writing optimised code. - Advanced String matching Algorithms
In this section we will cover algorithms such as Rabin Karp, Trie searching and other string matching algorithms.
- Top Tech Company Questions
Practise from the most asked questions in companies such as Amazon, Facebook, Microsoft, LinkedIn, and Google etc. Become the programmer to crack any of your dream company. - Google, Amazon, GoJek, Flipkart, Uber, Amex Interview mantras
This will give you an idea of how you should prepare yourself for the final interviews and prepare yourself for everything that you may face during the placement process of any company. - Faang Interview Questions
In this we will understand how to tackle the questions asked in big wigs, we will around 150+ Questions specifically curated for the interviews of FAANG companies.
Options for Interview Preparation
You can gear up for Placements and internships using these popular options
Typically the first language of many and most commonly used language in first year of college, C++ is easy to start with and its code requires less time.
This project uses Arrays to build a very interesting Snake game
This project uses concepts of DSA to build Splitwise App
Make your very own Sudoku solver with Backtracking
Plan your travel when you build your own application by using Graphs
Use DP optimisation to build this all time favourite game and be a leader in your pack
Design your very own Frog game while using Greedy optimisation in DSA
This course includes
- 60+ Live interactive lectures in fastrack mode
- 900+ problems & 6 live projects
- Classes on Mon Tue Thu Fri every Duration
- Certificate of Excellence/Completion
- Placement assistance
- Curriculum designed for beginners. No Coding experience required
- Covers Foundation, Basic and Advanced modules
Inspirational Success stories of CB Alumni
where hard work and determination meets victory!
Coding Blocks helped me get my summer internship at NIC and also helped me in grabbing 2 offers on campus one from Accolite softwares and another from Amazon India. Happy to be a part Coding Blocks!
I had an amazing experience with interview Preparation under Prateek bhaiya. I owe all my success to him and his teaching which has helped me immensely to crack internship at AmEx.
The style of teaching was fantastic difficult topics were taught in ways which made them look interesting !
I love coding blocks because it cleared all my coding concepts and made my algorithmic and logical part strong , thus helping me secure a 6 month internship at amazon. Also thankful for giving a nice understanding about other computer science topics like OS and System Design which helped a lot during the interviews. I am thankful to Coding blocks and team and i owe my success to coding blocks
I love coding blocks because it provides me proper guidence how to start with web development. After that I successfully get a good internship. I also become member of Software Development cell of my college . Thanks Coding Blocks😊
Still in doubt? We are here to help you out!
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A dedicated Placement team along with Hiring Blocks, the placement portal of Coding Blocks work round the clock to ensure the best of opportunities in the Tech arena are available to you.
Developer CV and Dev profile Preparation
150+ Partner companies for Placements and internships
What an inspiration to all!
Coding Blocks has some of the best mentors in the Industry who will remain by your side during your Preparation for teaching, guidance and assistance.
Kartik MathurAcademics head and Founding member
Mosina AshrafSenior Instructor and Product engineer
Mayank JhaInstructor and Product engineer
Abhishek S.Instructor and Product engineer
Your Code Buddies!
A wide network of TAs aka Teaching assistants, who are typical ex-students of Coding Blocks helps in Doubt resolution along with Mentors, through Video, Audio, Screen share and other media to ensure all your queries are addressed timely
Industry experts are guides currently working in Top companies like Google, Amazon, Microsoft and the like and they helps students with invaluable tips on the Industry, Hiring process, Mock interviews and other necessities required for paving the way into the Top Tech companies around the globe.
Tech Established Learning!
The e-learning portal is an in-house developed, state of the art application which uses the best of technology and resources to ensure all learners gain the maximum from their program. It provides immersive learning with suggestions and guidance to ensure even self learning is effective and fruitful. This portal allows learning through ebooks, videos, notes while allowing learners to attempt coding problems, MCQ assignments with attending live classes and asking doubts through chat and live video calling feature with mentors and TAs.
See what students have to say
I attended the summer class of 2019 of Algo++ at Dwarka center. My mentor taught a lot of concepts very well in such a short time. He also solved my doubts even after the course completion. I really loved to solve each question in the class and also those that were given as homework. This course really gave me a head start to my coding journey. I remember the day when I was just travelling somewhere when I spotted the Dwarka center. I never knew it would play such a big role in my learning process. Thanks a lot to Coding Blocks!
Coding Blocks has helped me develop strong base in competitive programming. Algo++ and CP bootcamp helped me crack Tech Giant Microsoft with much ease.
Coding Blocks is the best place to strengthen your concepts in programming and the course content is structured in a very proper way. Also, the environment will keep you motivated throughout. The TA support will help you whenever you are stuck. The one thing i loved the most was the way how my mentor cleared our concepts. No matter how many doubts you have they are always available to your support from online to offline. If it were'nt for Coding Blocks I would not be placed this early. Thank you CODING BLOCKS!!
I really enjoyed the environment CB provided. Not only was I intrigued by the depth of knowledge of the people at CB but I was also pushed and motivated to learn things to the same level as them. I also took the Online Competitive Coding course which certainly was the course that got me through the GS interview and Online Rounds. I can't thank my mentors enough for creating such an awesome course. I can't help but say that CB helped me raise the bar which I had set for myself when it comes to coding and learning.
I'm extremely thankful to Coding Blocks for making competitive coding a cakewalk! My mentors were wonderful teachers and mentors. The course content is clear and complete. I will forever be grateful for the guidance.
Coding Blocks has always helped me connect with talented people around. As a campus superhero, I have been in touch with my mentors, both of whom have never failed to guide me and my peers in achieving the best!
My coding journey started at Coding Blocks. I was a student of Launchpad C++ course and it helped me in grabbing a great understanding of data structures and algorithms and improved my problem solving skills as well. I'd like to thank Coding Blocks for all the help and support :)
If you have time for only 1 course to pick, go for interview prep. Skills acquired to time spent ratio is amazing. Thanks to my mentors and the team I was able to crack the majority of online rounds and interviews. The teaching style of them made me understand DSA effortlessly.
I had an amazing time learning Data Structures and Algorithms(JAVA) at Coding Blocks. The mentorship and curriculum covered by my mentor was excellent. I would revert back to the lectures every time i needed to revise my concepts again. Concepts taught in JAVA were also very useful during my Internship. Thus it was a great learning curve for me.
I built my foundation of Data Structures and Algorithms during the Launchpad C++ course which helped me develop interest in coding and problem solving. Thank you to the CB mentors who guided us.
Dhiraj Kumar Jain
The course made my basics very clear and the assignments and questions gave him ample practice for the interviews . I am very much thankful to my mentor for his guidance and continued support . The techniques explained my him in the course proved very much helpful to me in the interviews . I am thankful to Coding Blocks for making such a course which helped me ace in my interviews.
Coding Blocks helped in gaining enough experience to get internships at giants like Google and Rubrik.
You can learn DSA using these popular options
You can learn Data structures and algorithms using either of these two popular options
Python is one of the easiest languages to start coding. Choose this if you are just about to start and look forward to quicker Web dev options using Django or want to excel in Data science or ML.
Check this courseFrequently Asked Questions
Learn and grow as a developer with our project based courses.
What is Classroom program?
Coding Blocks has physical centers in Delhi and Noida. Classroom program batches are conducted in these physical centers where you learn in a class with your peers and mentors, much like the way you do in College or University with a difference that you get to have personal attention by the mentor. Batch size is extremely limited and Course completion is complete for all learners. This is the most successful program in terms of Success or placements.
What is Live interactive program?
Live interactive program is a perfect replacement to the Classroom program. In a live interactive course, classes are conducted in a controlled environment, where the mentor teaches and students can interact with the mentor, much like a classroom. The only difference is that the mentor is not physically present in front of you. This model allows you to learn from the mentor of your choice, transcending boundaries and is economical as compared to the Classroom program.
What is Online Self paced program?
Self paced Online programs are guided learning courses driven by our state of the art e-learning portal. These programs carry the same legacy as our Classroom programs. In order to reinforce learning and assist students, we have made our Self paced Online programs “HYBRID”, meaning we have added Live classes of topics where we feel students need interaction with mentors. In addition, students can clear their doubts through Video calls or Chats with our mentors and TAs. If learners stay close to our centers, they can even visit our Physical centers and meet the mentors in person to resolve their doubts.
I took Online Self paced program but now I feel I need to switch to Classroom program because that is how I have been always learning. Can I shift my batch from one mode to another?
If you are facing trouble with any model and want to make a switch, please get in touch with the Coding Blocks Support team for assistance. If need be, we will help you transition from one model to another.
I am confused on which mode of learning to opt, Classroom, Live interactive or Online?
The three models of learning are very different in nature and suits different learners basis individual preferences. We would recommend you to connect to our counsellors who can guide you well on which program and model best suits your needs.
I will have doubts while studying. How are they addressed?
Doubts are addressed by your Mentors and Teaching assistants who are always there to help you in your program. Doubts can be addressed in person, over live video calls, live chats and screen sharing sessions, pair coding sessions, Slack channels and Whatsapp groups, in addition to our portal where your doubts are also addressed. Don’t worry, we got your back.
How can I get Teaching Assistant (TA) role after completing my course with Coding Blocks?
Once you complete your course, you need to apply for the position of TA in Coding Blocks. Your application will be screened, you will be interviewed and tested on Coding problems and then you will be roped in. As Coding Blocks alumni, you will get priority.
How can I get Placement and Internship assistance from Coding Blocks?
A dedicated Placement team along with Hiring Blocks, the placement portal of Coding Blocks work round the clock to ensure the best of opportunities in the Tech arena are available to you.There are more than 150 companies who have partnered with Coding Blocks for hiring our students.
I am studying in College and planning to do this course? Will I be able to cope up with the Work load?
Most of the learners at Coding Blocks are College students only. All our courses and curriculum, across Classroom, Live interactive and Online self paced models are created to ensure you can learn while studying in your college.
Will I get Certificate of completion after this course?
Yes, you will get Certificate of completion once you complete the course. Completion of course depends on how much content has been completed, together with how many assignments have been completed. If you are a dedicated and hard working learner, you can also bag our Certificate of excellence.
I have already done a course from Coding Blocks. Am I eligible to get some discounts as an Alumni?
Our Alumni is our family. We definitely would be more than thrilled to have you back, as this is really common for us. And yes, we would be happy to offer you exciting concessions on fee. We would recommend you to connect to our counsellors who can guide you well on this.
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On his first day back in the White House, President Donald Trump signed an executive order to withdraw the United States from the World Health Organization (WHO)
On Every 40 Seconds One Person Ends His Life
The number of countries with national suicide prevention strategies has increased in the five years since the publication of WHO’s first global report on suicide, said the World Health Organization in the lead-up to World Suicide Prevention Day on 10 September. But the total number of countries with strategies, at just 38, is still far too few and governments need to commit to establishing them.
“Despite progress, one person still dies every 40 seconds from suicide,” said WHO Director-General, Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus. “Every death is a tragedy for family, friends and colleagues. Yet suicides are preventable. We call on all countries to incorporate proven suicide prevention strategies into national health and education programmes in a sustainable way.”
Suicide was the second leading cause of death among young people aged 15-29 years, after road injury. Among teenagers aged 15-19 years, suicide was the second leading cause of death among girls (after maternal conditions) and the third leading cause of death in boys (after road injury and interpersonal violence).
The most common methods of suicide are hanging, pesticide self-poisoning, and firearms. Key interventions that have shown success in reducing suicides are restricting access to means; educating the media on responsible reporting of suicide; implementing programmes among young people to build life skills that enable them to cope with life stresses; and early identification, management and follow-up of people at risk of suicide.
More information can be found on WHO's official site.
Fifteen European countries have secured an agreement with the American COVID-19 vaccine manufacturer Moderna through the European Commission for the supply of vaccines over the next four years
Three new regions in Bulgaria have declared a flu epidemic following the increased spread of the virus
Bulgaria has decided to temporarily halt the import of meat and animals from Brandenburg, Germany, following an outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease in the region
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Twenty-five years ago, Robert Lang, a laser researcher at NASA quit his job to pursue his childhood passion: origami.
This man, brilliant in the fields of mathematics and engineering, left this highly coveted position to fold paper. Today he is quoted as the world’s leading master of the art and famous for the impact his origami creations have had on improving complex engineering issues.
Lang started competing in the underground origami scene in Japan when it was typical for each piece to have 10-30 folds on average. Incredibly frustrated Lang sought to improve on this. He turned to his experience in mathematics. He studied the manner and methods in which paper folded and from these learnings wrote a computer program that can figure out how to fold a piece of paper into any shape he wanted. Gone were the days of 30-fold pieces. Enter the days of 300-fold works of art. Lang’s program was so effective and successful that NASA now ironically use it to construct folding equipment for space exploration and automotive manufacturers use it to fold airbags into tiny spaces in cars.
Necessity is the mother of invention. Robert Lang needed a way to get the ideas out of his head and onto paper, literally. He drew a connection between two of his passions, origami and physics, and the ripple effect of his creativity has had a profound impact on multiple aspects of human life. This story alone, expresses the importance of creativity.
In the past, it was easier to be ‘original’ when creating. Simply put, less people were inventors. Today, so much has come before us that creativity has evolved to an amalgamation of different areas of knowledge and ‘original’ ideas to produce something better. A ‘hybrid creation’, for want of a better term. For example, Apple merged the Walkman and a computer together to create the iPod (simply speaking).
This creative amalgamation is evident in advertising as we see brands combine their stories with modern day culture. Recently Geico’s iconic Lizard teamed up with Groot from the Guardians of the Galaxy to sell insurance, and Pepsi attempted to cure social unrest with a can of their soft drink, adapting a famous incident during a Vietnam War demonstration. Both are examples of how brands are attempting to implant themselves in culture by not necessarily relying on an original idea, but rather making it original by drawing inspiration from an existing or trending topic.
Without an original thought, advertising becomes wallpaper and runs the risk of being grouped into the 1000 ads that the average person experiences on any given day. While the basic premise of advertising is to tap into a genuine consumer need, those needs change quickly and so advertising rhetoric must speed up as well.
Enter “short-termism” as the latest buzzword to hit the advertising scene. Short-termism, if you could join Digital Natives, Zeitgeist, and Low-Hanging Fruit – thanks.
The advertising industry often reminds me of a game of Hungry Hungry Hippos. We wait patiently, monitoring, hoping to pounce on the next buzzword and be the first to have an opinion on it, in many cases unconstructive. The language that you will find around short-termism includes describing itself as “a plague”, “A disease”, “a dampener on creativity” and “a content crap trap”. In fact, most articles that I have come across claimed that short-termism would kill creativity.
For me, short-termism is a phrase used to describe campaigns that are often tactical and encourage ‘quick wins’, in contrast to campaigns that have longevity of thought and reaffirm long term brand beliefs. Short-term campaigns can often translate as “Sell, Sell, Sell”, rather than setting out what it is that the brand wants to change in the world. These quick wins promote the view that creativity is not worth investing in, but how creative we are with these campaigns is entirely up to us.
At it’s most reductive, automotive brands have created momentum around their reg plate offers twice a year, and this is now a necessity for them. However, the decision to buy into a brand is made by the heart and not the head, so although these offers are vital – the groundwork also needs to be done.
Focussing too much on short-term campaigns is ultimately a band-aid – a quick fix that only succeeds in stemming the flow of an underlying issue. If a problem exists and there is no long-term solution, it will become exposed over time and slowly eat away at a brand.
We are in the business of ideas, not band aids. So the next brief you see that asks for a “quick win”, fight back – Don’t make wallpaper. Make Origami.
Katie Jones is a strategic planner with TBWA\Dublin.
First published in Irish Marketing Journal (IMJ May 2017)© to order back issues please call 016611660
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Hydrogen Storage, Transportation and Distribution
Hydrogen Storage, Transportation and Distribution
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is strongly advocating for governments and companies to take action in decarbonizing our global economy. In their sixth assessment report, scientists unequivocally affirm that human activities are accelerating global warming with potentially devastating and irreversible consequences. To combat this, the use of renewable energies becomes crucial in reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, it's important to recognize that not all regions have easy access to clean energy sources like solar, wind, and water. Furthermore, various industries rely on energy supplies with a high energy density, which can be stored in large quantities for on-demand use.
To bridge the gap between renewable energy sources and their practical applications, we must explore diversified energy carriers and hydrogen storage technologies. Hydrogen emerges as one of the most promising solutions in this context. Read on to discover various hydrogen storage methods, transportation, distribution, and more importantly how TÜV SÜD can assist your business with all its hydrogen needs.
Once hydrogen is produced and processed, there's a critical need for its safe distribution and storage. Because hydrogen can be stored in either its gaseous or liquid state, there are consequently several hydrogen storage methods. It's important to note that hydrogen's boiling point is an extremely low -252.9°C. This means that liquid hydrogen requires extremely low temperatures for safe storage or needs to be bonded organically, as seen in solutions like Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers (LOHC). On the other hand, gaseous hydrogen, when stored at regular temperatures, necessitates high-pressure solutions for both storage and transport to achieve the same energy density as cryogenic hydrogen.
We can differentiate between larger systems designed for hydrogen storage and transportation and smaller on-site infrastructure.
A significant advantage of hydrogen lies in its ability to be stored over extended periods with minimal losses when in gaseous form. Moreover, a substantial portion of the existing natural gas infrastructure can be repurposed for hydrogen use. Nevertheless, hydrogen does have a lower volumetric energy density at atmospheric pressure compared to other energy carriers, such as natural gas or oil. This poses less of an issue in stationary applications, where large storage tanks with lower pressure are acceptable, as opposed to mobile applications where the size and weight of tanks become significant concerns.
One innovative possibility is the underground storage of hydrogen, typically in large caverns situated within salt domes that may reach depths of up to 1000 meters. These sites are often located in proximity to major hydrogen production facilities and electrolysers. Similar systems already exist for natural gas and can serve as models for hydrogen distribution.
As an alternative, hydrogen storage through the use of metal hydrides is feasible. In these systems, hydrogen molecules are chemically bonded within the structure of a metal compound, remaining stable and non-hazardous at atmospheric pressure within these low-pressure environments.
Hydrogen distribution to the point of use can occur either through high-pressure containers or via pipelines. Hydrogen storage and distribution in high-pressure tanks encounters similar challenges as seen in the storage of high-pressure vessels. It can be facilitated using road, rail, or maritime transportation, which offers flexibility and the ability to reach various destinations without requiring extensive new infrastructure.
The transmission of hydrogen via pipelines becomes a viable solution when large quantities of hydrogen must be distributed. Gas pipelines are capable of transporting substantial amounts of energy at a lower cost compared to electricity transmission through overhead power lines. Existing gas pipeline infrastructure in countries like Germany can be adapted for hydrogen transportation with relatively few modifications.
In theory, a methane pipeline could be used to transport a similar amount of energy using hydrogen. However, this relies on the integrity of pipeline components, including fittings and pipes. There is a possibility that hydrogen may accelerate the formation of cracks, potentially shortening the pipeline's service life. Other factors like dynamic stress and pre-existing fractures also need to be taken into consideration.
An alternative approach to mitigate these risks involves mixing hydrogen with natural gas, thereby reducing the necessary modifications to the pipeline. However, if the hydrogen content exceeds 40%, components such as compressors and turbines may need to be replaced to handle the increased volume flow of hydrogen.
While the storage and distribution of hydrogen on-site is feasible, it necessitates a well-defined safety concept and rigorous testing before commissioning. The key challenges revolve around the use of high-pressure tanks and the design and operation of the filling station itself. Furthermore, companies must ensure the integrity of the components and provide appropriate training to employees for the safe handling of hydrogen.
Hydrogen refuelling station in Hamburg
Companies commonly encounter challenges associated with the transmission and storage of hydrogen, particularly in terms of costs, safety, and the availability of skilled personnel. However, these challenges can be effectively addressed by partnering with the right organizations, gaining a competitive advantage, and managing risk. Today, investing in and developing infrastructure and partnerships for hydrogen projects can position companies to benefit from the increasing demand for clean energy and e-fuels.
In regions with established gas infrastructure, hydrogen distribution is likely to occur via pipelines. Exceptions may arise in industrial applications where substances like methanol and ammonia are required as feedstock. In such cases, producing derivatives directly at the point of low-carbon hydrogen production is advantageous, as it allows for the transport of higher energy densities. For instances where hydrogen must be stored to refill smaller tanks and vessels, distributing hydrogen via trucks and ships is a feasible approach.
While gaseous hydrogen has been the most promising solution for many scenarios, there is ongoing discussion about the advantages and disadvantages of liquid hydrogen. For companies, navigating the current state of the hydrogen market and understanding the best hydrogen storage solutions can be a complex task, especially given that hydrogen storage technologies require specialized expertise to ensure safety.
At TÜV SÜD, we offer unique assistance in identifying the appropriate transmission and storage setup for your hydrogen strategy and ensuring its safety. With a team of over 500 hydrogen experts, we can globally test, inspect, and certify components and projects. Moreover, our training modules prepare your workforce to skillfully implement your new strategy.
In collaboration with our hydrogen research subsidiary, LBST, we provide up-to-date and comprehensive insights into available hydrogen storage technologies and new opportunities. Additionally, our consultancy subsidiary, evety, offers state-of-the-art expertise to support your project throughout its entire lifecycle.
Building ecosystems – connecting hydrogen production with target applications
A significant challenge on the path to a hydrogen-based future is creating an ecosystem that facilitates connections between low-carbon hydrogen producers and end-users. Moreover, the transition to hydrogen requires the adoption of new technical equipment, necessitating new equipment qualification procedures and standards.
TÜV SÜD, in partnership with our subsidiaries evety and LBST, facilitates connections between partners involved in hydrogen production, transmission, and storage, as well as buyers. Through our involvement in international hydrogen committees, we stay abreast of the latest regulations, codes, and standards (RCS) and can perform testing and certification of your hydrogen equipment accordingly.
Explore the hydrogen value chain from production over transmission to applications. Find the right solutions and ensure safety for your projects with TÜV SÜD.
Middle East and Africa
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Worldwide of electrical engineering, making sure the security and effectiveness of electric systems is vital. Different parts and gadgets are important to achieving this, and among them, vertical disconnectors, fuse switch disconnectors, isolator switches, HV switch disconnectors, busbar systems, surge protective tools (SPDs), and combiner boxes play critical roles. These parts are indispensable to taking care of electric flow, safeguarding equipment from surges, and keeping the overall dependability of electric systems.
Vertical disconnectors are crucial in electric systems, providing a reputable means of isolating a section or detaching of the network for maintenance or in situation of faults. Their vertical configuration allows them to be space-efficient, particularly helpful in busy setups. These disconnectors supply noticeable break and guarantee security during maintenance by removing any kind of power flow with the separated area. In high-voltage (HV) applications, they must stand up to substantial electric stresses and ecological conditions, making robust design and manufacturing quality essential.
The fuse switch disconnector merges the capability of a fuse and a switch, providing both overload defense and the capacity to detach the electric circuit manually. This double ability makes them ideal for medium-voltage and low applications where space preservation and capability are priorities. By combining overcurrent security with a manual switch, these tools ensure that important systems are protected without giving up user control over the electrical circuit. They are indispensable in industrial and commercial setups where electric tons can differ dramatically.
An isolator switch, although it might appear similar, serves a somewhat various feature. While it additionally separates a portion of the circuit for safety and security throughout upkeep, it does not provide defense from overcurrent like fuse switch disconnectors. Isolator buttons are usually utilized downstream of a circuit breaker and supply a risk-free methods to isolate tools or circuits for maintenance, guaranteeing that no current can move. The main function of an isolator is to make certain that sectors of an electrical installment are safe to deal with; for this reason, they are frequently used in commercial installments where equipment security is essential.
These gadgets are created to interrupt existing circulation in high-voltage systems, often incorporating arc-extinguishing mechanisms to manage the intense electric arcs generated during interference. In substations, these are usually incorporated with defense and control systems to boost the strength of the electrical grid.
A busbar system, at the same time, is a central structure for distributing electric power. It works as a central center for several circuits and tons, simplifying the circulation of electrical power within a center.
These devices are vital for securing delicate electronic devices and wider electric installations from surges that can trigger considerable damages, data loss, or even fires. Increasingly, DC switch disconnector of SPDs is deemed critical in both domestic and industrial electrical systems, particularly with the increasing dependence on delicate electronics.
Combiner boxes often come geared up with their very own surge protection devices and monitoring systems, which make certain that any anomalies in power generation are promptly recognized and attended to. They play an important role in improving the reliability and performance of solar power systems by maximizing power collection and distribution.
Vertical disconnectors are critical in electric systems, offering a dependable methods of detaching or separating a section of the network for maintenance or in instance of faults. In high-voltage (HV) applications, they should stand up to substantial electrical stresses and environmental conditions, making robust style and producing high quality crucial.
The fuse switch disconnector merges the capability of a switch and a fuse, offering both overload security and the capability to detach the electrical circuit by hand. By integrating overcurrent defense with a hands-on switch, these tools make sure that important systems are secured without compromising customer control over the electrical circuit.
An isolator switch, although it may seem similar, offers a slightly different function. While it also disconnects a portion of the circuit for safety and security throughout maintenance, it does not offer security from overcurrent like fuse switch disconnectors. Isolator switches are generally made use of downstream of a breaker and give a secure ways to separate devices or circuits for maintenance, guaranteeing that no current can stream. The key function of an isolator is to ensure that sectors of an electric setup are risk-free to function on; hence, they are commonly used in commercial installments where maker security is crucial.
Finally, each of these components offers a necessary and distinctive function within the world of electrical systems, contributing to the overarching purposes of safety, performance, and integrity. Whether it’s the detaching and isolating capabilities of the vertical disconnectors and isolators, the protective functionalities of fuse switch disconnectors and SPDs, or the power circulation roles of busbar systems and combiner boxes, these gadgets are crucial in creating durable and resistant electrical infrastructures. As technology advancements and the demand for risk-free, effective, and lasting power systems remains to expand, these parts will certainly stay at the forefront of electrical design solutions, frequently adapting to fulfill brand-new obstacles and needs in power management.
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The library makes every effort to ensure our programs can be enjoyed by all. If you have any concerns about accessibility or need to request specific accommodations, please contact the library at 920-459-3400.
We cannot guarantee that food served at this program has not come into contact with tree nuts, soy, or other allergens.
Tweens can engage in a week of science, technology, reading, engineering, art, mathematics, and more in this week of day camps designed just for them. Participants may register for the day or days that interest them. Registration is required for each day.
*Each day will have a lunch break, so please pack a bag lunch.
TUESDAY | Food Science
9:50am | Imaginarium (2nd floor)
Prepare your tastebuds for the sweet, sweet joy of learning about sugary science!
*This will be a Foldscope activity.
Do-It-Yourself Pizzas with Marilyn Montemayor
Learn to make personal pizzas and taste the results.
Nutrition Activity with Nourish Farms (and Lunch Break)
*Bring-your-own bagged lunch is optional because of the food activities.
Lifesize Candy Land Playtime
Curiosity Lab: Flavors and Fragrances with MilliporeSigma
Did you know that humans can recognize more than 10,000 scents? Students will practice recognizing scents by smelling different chemicals on scent sticks. They will then learn how their body recognizes and interprets scents. The focus will be on how the structure of the chemical is what causes the unique flavor or fragrance of the chemical based on how it interacts with human sensory receptors.
3:00pm | Imaginarium (2nd floor)
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Animal Care Helpful Sheets
Making proper animal welfare information and care accessible to all.
Puppies eight to 12 weeks old need four meals a day.
Feed puppies three to six months old three meals a day.
Feed puppies six months to one year two meals a day.
When your dog reaches his first birthday, one meal a day is usually enough.
For some dogs, including larger canines or those prone to bloat, it's better to feed two smaller meals.
Premium-quality dry food provides a well-balanced diet for adult dogs and may be mixed with water, broth or canned food. Your dog may enjoy cottage cheese, cooked egg or fruits and vegetables, but these additions should not total more than ten percent of his daily food intake.
Puppies should be fed a high-quality, brand-name puppy food (large breed puppy foods for large breeds). Please limit "people food," however, because it can result in vitamin and mineral imbalances, bone and teeth problems and may cause very picky eating habits and obesity. Clean, fresh water should be available at all times, and be sure to wash food and water dishes frequently.
Dogs need exercise to burn calories, stimulate their minds, and stay healthy. Individual exercise needs vary based on breed or breed mix, sex, age and level of health. Exercise also tends to help dogs avoid boredom, which can lead to destructive behaviors. Supervised fun and games will satisfy many of your pet's instinctual urges to dig, herd, chew, retrieve and chase.
Help keep your dog clean and reduce shedding with frequent brushing. Check for fleas and ticks daily during warm weather. Most dogs don't need to be bathed more than a few times a year. Before bathing, comb or cut out all mats from the coat. Carefully rinse all soap out of the coat, or the dirt will stick to soap residue.
To carry a puppy or small dog, place one hand under the dog's chest, with either your forearm or other hand supporting the hind legs and rump. Never attempt to lift or grab your puppy or small dog by the forelegs, tail or back of the neck. If you do have to lift a large dog, lift from the underside, supporting his chest with one arm and his rear end with the other.
Your pet needs a warm, quiet place to rest, away from all drafts and off the floor. A training crate or dog bed is ideal, with a clean blanket or pillow placed inside. Wash the dog's bedding often. If your dog will be spending a lot of time outdoors, be sure she has access to shade and plenty of cool water in hot weather, and a warm, dry, covered shelter when it's cold.
Licensing and ID
Follow your community’s licensing regulations. Be sure to attach the license to your dog’s collar. This, along with an ID tag and implanted microchip or tattoo, can help secure your dog’s return should she become lost.
Fleas and Ticks
Daily inspections of your dog for fleas and ticks during the warm seasons are important. Use a flea comb to find and remove fleas. There are several new methods of flea and tick control. Speak to your veterinarian about these and other options.
Neutering and Spaying
Female dogs should be spayed and male dogs neutered by six months of age.
Dog Supply Checklist
Premium-quality dog food and treats
Toys, toys and more toys, including safe chew toys
Brush & comb for grooming, including flea comb
Collar with license and ID tag
Carrier (for smaller dogs)
Dog bed or box with warm blanket or towel
"General Dog Care." ASPCA. Accessed June 30, 2018. https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/dog-care/general-dog-care.
We recommend purchasing high-quality, brand-name kitten or cat food. Your veterinarian will be able to assess your new cat or kitten and determine the best diet. Factors such as age, activity level and health make a difference in what and how much a cat should eat.
Cats require taurine, an essential amino acid, for heart and eye health. The food you choose should be balanced for the life stage of your cat or kitten. Properly balanced foods will contain taurine.
You will need to provide fresh, clean water at all times, and wash and refill your cat’s water bowls daily.
Treats should be no more than 5-10% of the diet.
Many people feed baby food to a cat or kitten who is refusing food or not feeling well Please read labels carefully: If the baby food contains onion or garlic powder, your pet could be poisoned.
Take your pet to your veterinarian if signs of anorexia, diarrhea, vomiting or lethargy continue for more than two days.
Most cats stay relatively clean and rarely need a bath, but you should brush or comb your cat regularly. Frequent brushing helps keep your cat's coat clean, reduces the amount of shedding and cuts down on the incidence of hairballs.
To pick up your cat, place one hand behind the front legs and another under the hindquarters. Lift gently. Never pick up a cat by the scruff of the neck or by the front legs.
Your pet should have her own clean, dry place in your home to sleep and rest. Line your cat's bed with a soft, warm blanket or towel. Be sure to wash the bedding often. Please keep your cat indoors. Outdoor cats do not live as long as indoor cats. Outdoor cats are at risk of trauma from cars, or from fights with other cats, raccoons and free-roaming dogs. Coyotes are known to eat cats. Outdoor cats are more likely to become infested with fleas or ticks, as well as contract infectious diseases.
If allowed outdoors, your cat must wear a safety collar and an ID tag. A safety collar with an elastic panel will allow your cat to break loose if the collar gets caught on something. And for both indoor and outdoor cats, an ID tag or an implanted microchip can help ensure that your cat is returned if he or she becomes lost.
All indoor cats need a litter box, which should be placed in a quiet, accessible location. In a multi-level home, one box per floor is recommended. Avoid moving the box unless absolutely necessary, but if you must do so, move the box just a few inches per day. Keep in mind that cats won't use a messy, smelly litter box, so scoop solid wastes out of the box at least once a day. Dump everything, wash with a mild detergent and refill at least once a week; you can do this less frequently if using clumping litter. Don't use ammonia, deodorants or scents, especially lemon, when cleaning the litter box. If your cat will not use a litterbox, please consult with your veterinarian. Sometimes refusal to use a litter box is based on a medical condition that required treatment.
Cats need to scratch! When a cat scratches, the old outer nail sheath is pulled off and the sharp, smooth claws underneath are exposed. Cutting your cat’s nails every two to three weeks will keep them relatively blunt and less likely to harm the arms of both humans and furniture. Provide your cat with a sturdy scratching post, at least three feet high. The post should also be stable enough that it won't wobble during use, and should be covered with rough material such as sisal, burlap or tree bark. Many cats also like scratching pads.
Your cat should see the veterinarian at least once a year for an examination and annual shots, and immediately if she is sick or injured.
Spaying and Neutering
Female cats should be spayed and male cats neutered by five months of age.
Your veterinarian will make recommendations based on your cat's age and health.
Cat Supply Checklist
Premium-brand cat food
Safety cat collar with ID tag
Scratching post or scratching pad
Litter box and litter
Cat bed or box with warm blanket or towel
Source: "Cat Care." ASPCA. Accessed June 30, 2018. https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/cat-care.
Ducks need housing that meets their physical, behavioral and social needs. They are social animals and should be kept with other ducks for company. They are also very curious and intelligent animals that need sufficient space to move around freely and access to water facilities to carry out their natural water-related behaviors.
Ducks and Your Garden
Ducks love to forage around a garden. They search in mulch and under plants for tasty grubs and worms. Ducks like to eat grass, so they will enjoy grazing on lawn and keeping the weeds down. You will need to fence them out of your vegetable garden or they may eat it all! Ducks do not dig (unlike chickens) but they will make little holes in soft or wet earth with their bills, ‘drilling’ for worms. Let the ducks in when you are digging in your veggie garden– they will have a wonderful time finding earthworms and other treats.
Ducks love water and use about 1 litre of drinking water per duck per day. They need water to keep their eyes, bills, feet and feathers in good condition. The water should be deep enough for them to stick their whole head into and to wash their body. The water container needs to have a shallow edge so that the ducks can get out again easily if they happen to climb in. They love pools where they can climb in and splash. A kids pool (clam shell) or a tub about 20cm deep is perfect. Supervise access to swimming water until you are sure that the ducks can get in and out of the pool easily. Old baths are not ideal because they are slippery inside and ducks can find it hard to get out. Although ducks are usually great swimmers, they can still become waterlogged and drown.
Ducks need to be kept in a secure pen or house when you are not at home that will protect them from predators. To be secure, housing needs to have solid sheeting or welded mesh (with wire at least 1.2mm thick) on the roof, floor and walls. Provide as much space as possible for each duck. At a minimum provide at least 1.5 sq metres area per duck in their house or pen if they are to be confined in it during the day. For a night house provide at a minimum, at least 0.5 sq metres per duck.
Duck housing should be out of the sun and should provide wind protection. Ducks don’t really like to be in direct sun. Metal housing in particular should be insulated or shaded to avoid it becoming dangerously hot inside (ducks can die from heat stress so precautions must be taken). Housing must also be well-ventilated. A simple three-sided shelter with a mesh base, front and door is suitable. The open side should face North, to get the Winter sun and avoid cold, wet Southerly winds.
The duck house or pen should be easy to clean as ducks poo a lot. Rice hulls are an excellent pen surface for ducks as they are soft but last a long time and also drain very well. Rake the rice hulls over each day. Do not use bare concrete or pavers over more than one third of the pen floor or your ducks will likely develop sores on their soft feet.
Inside the house, provide a ‘private’ spot for a nest (a sturdy cardboard box on its side, or an old lawnmower catcher will do). Keep the nest topped up with clean mulch, wood shavings or straw. Ducks often bury their eggs in the nest. Ducks don’t generally need a perch - they will sleep on the floor.
Keep their food container inside the duck house under cover so it doesn’t get wet. Keep the water and food at least a metre apart to discourage them from dribbling water in their food. Ideally, put the water over an area that drains well. Sitting the water container over a drainage pit or platform wider than the water container and filled with smooth pebbles is ideal.
Ducks kept in a clean environment and fed good food are generally very robust and hardy animals. Ducks rarely suffer from intestinal worms or mites (especially if they have regular swimming sessions) but they usually need to be wormed every 6 months with a poultry wormer. Talk to your veterinarian for advice about worming.
Ducks can be a bit clumsy and prone to tripping over things, and are easily injured. Ducks kept on a rough or hard surface can develop foot ‘ulcers’. Swellings, sores on their feet or limping need attention from a vet.
Never give mouldy food to ducks – mould spores can cause respiratory diseases or sudden toxic reactions in ducks.
Keep their water clean – change drinking water every day. But don’t worry that they turn their new, clean water brown within minutes – that’s normal!
What Should I Feed My Ducks?
Feeding your duck a complete and balanced diet is essential to ensure they live a long and happy life.
Ducks should be fed a commercially prepared age appropriate food as their main diet. Ducks should be provided with suitable vegetables and fruits to supplement the commercial diet. Zucchini, peas, leafy greens, corn, vegetable peels, non-citrus fruit and worms are suitable. Check with your veterinarian and/or an experienced duck owner if you're unsure about the safety of a particular food stuff.
Up to 3 Weeks of Age
Duck starter crumbles are ideal. This is a high nutrient feed with a protein level of around 18-20%. Avoid chicken feed at this age as it is deficient in some of the nutrients that growing ducks need.
3-20 Weeks of Age
Ducklings can now be fed a good quality grower food suitable for ducks or for pullets (young chickens). Protein level for this food should be around 15%.
20 Weeks and Older
The ducks can now be fed a good quality layer or breeder food suitable for adult ducks or chickens. Pellets or mixed grain are best. They also need daily access to shell grit as a source of calcium to ensure strong shelled eggs.
Supplement the commercial diet with suitable vegetables and fruit.
Ducks need plenty of clean water provided to wash their food down with. Ensure the food and water bowls are close to each other.
DO NOT Feed
Bread, popcorn, chocolate, onion, garlic, avocado or citrus fruit
Although bread is commonly given to ducks, excessive amounts are not good for them. Ensure any bread or bread products are only ever given as an occasional treat.
Please also note that feeding ducks is not the same as feeding chickens.
If you notice any changes in your ducks' eating behavior please consult with your veterinarian.
"RSPCA Australia Knowledgebase." Why Is the RSPCA Opposed to the Tail Docking of Dogs? - RSPCA Australia Knowledgebase. Accessed June 30, 2018. http://kb.rspca.org.au/How-should-I-keep-and-care-for-my-pet-ducks_520.html.
"RSPCA Australia Knowledgebase." Why Is the RSPCA Opposed to the Tail Docking of Dogs? - RSPCA Australia Knowledgebase. Accessed June 30, 2018. http://kb.rspca.org.au/what-should-i-feed-my-pet-ducks_519.html.
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The Smile Epidemic is a very simple concept with very complex scientific support. We have learned that the mind has a limited number of resources, attention is limited. The subconscious mind is trained through adaptive processes to scan the world for different, threatening or negative items; this process was intended to be a protective measure to assist us in the wild.
Recent research is demonstrating that what we focus our attention on has an incredible impact on our moods and is a habit forming process. Result: if we learn to scan the world for negative things, then that is what we see first and because attention is a limited resource, we will often miss the more positive aspects of our environment. Separate scientific findings have shown that our memories are interconnected in a system of Nodes interconnected by all of our senses and emotions. The more recent, and the more interconnected a memory is, the more easily it is accessible and the closer it is to our attention, the more likely we will integrate it into our daily engagement with the world. Example, think of the last time you went to buy a car, you started to attend to the details of that vehicle, you built new sensory connections to its node and attached emotional responses to it as well. All of a sudden it seemed like everyone in town or on the highway was driving that car!
The Smile epidemic is a simple, fun, quirky little social project that draws our attention to the present moment and helps us to scan the world for smile catalysts. The theory is that if we get present, pay attention to what is making us happy, lay down some emotion, and engage with that person, place or thing in unique ways, it will be elevated to a higher level of our conscious and subconscious mind. This reinforcement tells our brain to look for the things that make us smile, and limits the available resources for what doesn't make us happy.
Simple concept. Wonderful goal. Complex scientific support.
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This year in Grade Three, my colleague and I decided that we wanted to head outside to engage in some activities, problems and inquiries. We took the inspiration from our Early Years department who have embraced outdoor learning as a daily part of their program. Recent educational research has indicated that outdoor learning programs can increase student achievement by almost 50% over the course of a year. One of our Vice-Principals is an authority on all things Early Years and she gave us some good ideas to start with. We were also aware that many schools in the UK already have outdoor learning programs. So we thought we'd give it a crack ourselves.
During the this first semester that we've held outdoor learning the students have:
- Practiced their navigation skills to find their way around the school and crack codes.
- Explored the pond area and made some fascinating discoveries.
- Developed teamwork and communication skills by working together to solve problems.
- Tested and re-tested theories in order to make conclusions.
- Explored ways of building knowledge in group environments.
- Reflected on shifts in thinking and understanding.
- Created Andy Goldsworthy inspired art.
- Predicted, collected, analysed and explained mathematical data.
We've been lucky to have some parent helpers each week and this has allowed us teachers to document the learning. This is another thing that has come from the Reggio-inspired program of our Early Years team. Individually, us two teachers have noticed some interesting things about each student during outdoor learning. But I report on my class and she reports on hers, so we need to find time to meet and discuss our findings. Plus the real power of documentation comes in the discussions held by the observers. It is the combination of these different viewpoints that helps build a complete picture about each child.
Being a new initiative, we're still perfecting the setup. We started off very open - playing in the sand and documenting research skills. Each week, however, we seemed to become a bit more focused with the tasks - measuring the perimeter of a playground area, for example. This may be because at our school we need to report on outcomes so we need to provide opportunities for the students to engage in tasks that allow us the chance to assess their understanding. Perhaps our mind has subconsciously been tracking back to this.
A few weeks ago we gathered some feedback from the students about how they felt outdoor learning was going. From the start we wanted this to be about the student's learning so we felt it was important for them to be involved in the planning process. Some said that they felt everything was going fine. To our surprise, though, quite a few said they were becoming less interested in outdoor learning because they felt the tasks were becoming too regimented and organised. They preferred the freedom of greater choice and exploration. I'm glad the students felt comfortable enough to share these opinions - it really helped us. The teachers also shared their concerns about the students behaviour during outdoor learning. We felt that some were forgetting about the second word in the title. This feedback encouraged us to make a few changes to our setup. So far they've been well-received.
Some students just flourish outdoors. Maybe they find the classroom walls restrictive - I'm sure there's a number of reasons. It's been great to see these students come more alive with their learning. Others are equally as comfortable in the classroom and outside. Some only prefer the indoors. At least this way we're opening up the scope of access to more students and differentiating our approaches to the learning profile of our students. Most importantly, the students are participating in some interesting learning engagements. And I reckon they're having a bit of fun too.
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With the intention that you can get relevant information about one of the most effective therapies in the health of people, we bring a collection of free books on hydrotherapy.
Hydrotherapy is a treatment that makes use of water to treat certain conditions and is used as a physical preparation before an operation, or as a rehabilitation treatment after surgery.
This type of therapy uses water as the main agent, in any of its forms, temperature, or state; in addition, it provides various benefits to the body in the physical field, which is scientifically supported.
Among the benefits that this therapy technique provides is the improvement of breathing, favors the respiratory system and its functioning, improves blood circulation, and helps muscle relaxation, among others.
So that you have all the information you need about this therapy, you can consult more than 30 materials between books and free articles on hydrotherapy in PDF format that we present in this section.
Aquatic Therapy for Children with an Autism Spectrum Disorder - Occupational Therapists' Perspectives
Efficacy of a Hydrotherapy Program in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU)
Lauryn J. Johnson
Hydrotherapy A New Trend in Disease Treatment
Ganesh V Devkate, Sandeep S Tate and others
Does Hydrotherapy Impact Behaviours Related to Mental Health and Well-Being for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Whitney Mills and others
The Effects of Hydrotherapy on Anxiety, Pain, Neuroendocrine Responses, and Contraction Dynamics During Labor
Rebecca D. Benfield and others
Systematic Review of Hydrotherapy Research- Does a Warm Bath in Labor Promote Normal Physiologic Childbirth?
Elderly W Elderly Women’s Experience of the Role of Hy s Experience of the Role of Hydrotherapy in Health
The effectiveness of hydrotherapy in the treatment of social and behavioral aspects of children with autism spectrum disorders - a systematic review
Rachel Mortimer and others
Therapeutic Aquatic Exercise in Pregnancy - A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
José Maria Cancela-Carral, Benigna Blanco and Adriana López-Rodríguez
Scientifi c Evidence-Based Effects of Hydrotherapy on Various Systems of the Body
Mooventhan A, Nivethitha L.
Clinical effects of Kneipp hydrotherapy - a systematic review of randomised controlled trials (Article)
Miriam Ortiz and others
Hydrotherapy and Its Application in Oral Medicine (Article)
Riya Bhargava, Sindhuja and Poorvi
The Effectiveness of 6 Months Hydrotherapy Program Based on Halliwick Concept on the Respiratory System of Down Syndrome Children (Article)
Konstantinos Chandolias and others
Impact of aquatic therapy on sensory modulation of autistic children to improve activities of daily living (Article)
Samreen Quraishi and Tooba Jarrar
Articles on Hydrotherapy Techniques and Modalities
From thermal baths and contrast showers to specialized aquatic therapies, hydrotherapy techniques offer a wide range of options to relieve stress, improve blood circulation, and alleviate physical ailments.
Hot, cold, or moving water becomes a powerful tool to help the body heal and restore balance. Depending on the temperature, pressure, and intensity of the water, specific modalities are applied.
Explore the different hydrotherapy techniques and discover how they can benefit you with the following free articles on hydrotherapy techniques and modalities.
The effect of cold water immersion on recreationally active young adults and the recovery of elite rugby players after intense eccentric exercise
The Thermal Effects of Water Immersion on Health Outcomes - An Integrative Review
Jiyeon An, Insook Lee and Yunjeong Yi
Effects of cryotherapy methods on circulatory, metabolic, inflammatory and neural properties - a systematic review (Article)
Bruno Freire, Jeam Geremia and others
Cryotherapy - Review of physiological effects and clinical application (Article)
Jeffrey J. Ciolek
Improvement in Anxiety and Pain After Whole Body Whirlpool Hydrotherapy Among Patients With Myofascial Pain Syndrome (Article)
Sang Hee Im and Eun Young Han
Books and Articles on Hydrotherapy for Musculoskeletal Disorders
Hydrotherapy has become an increasingly popular therapeutic option for treating musculoskeletal disorders. This form of therapy uses water as a means to relieve pain, reduce inflammation, and improve joint and muscle mobility.
Through specific techniques, such as whirlpool and water exercises, hydrotherapy provides a safe, low-resistance environment that helps strengthen weakened muscles and rehabilitate injuries.
The main advantage of hydrotherapy lies in its ability to provide pain relief without placing additional pressure on damaged joints and tissues. This is especially beneficial for people with musculoskeletal disorders, such as arthritis, sports injuries, and fibromyalgia. Learn more with the following free books and articles on hydrotherapy for musculoskeletal disorders.
Effect of hydrotherapy on recovery of muscle-damage and exercise-induced fatigue.
The Effectiveness of Hydrotherapy in the Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis - A Systematic Review
Khamis Y. Al-Qubaeissy and others
Articles on Hydrotherapy for Respiratory Conditions
Hydrotherapy has proven to be an effective therapeutic option for treating respiratory conditions. This technique uses water as a means of relieving symptoms and improving lung function.
Through techniques such as steam inhalation and hot water baths, hydrotherapy helps open airways, reduce congestion, and promote expectoration.
One of the main benefits of hydrotherapy for respiratory conditions is its ability to relieve coughing and shortness of breath. Enjoy a little more information with the following free articles on hydrotherapy for respiratory conditions.
Hydrotherapy in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - a qualitative systematic review
Dorothy A Shead
Evidence-Based Re vidence-Based Review of Hy view of Hydrotherapy Studies on Chr y Studies on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients
Balneotherapy and hydrotherapy in chronic respiratory disease (Article)
Nikolai Khaltaev, Umberto Solimene, Federico Vitale and Alessandro Zan
Effectiveness of steam inhalation and nasal irrigation for chronic or recurrent sinus symptoms in primary care - a pragmatic randomized controlled trial (Article)
Paul Little and others
Here ends our selection of free Hydrotherapy books in PDF format. We hope you liked it and already have your next book!
If you found this list useful, do not forget to share it on your social networks. Remember that “Sharing is Caring”.
Do you want more Alternative Therapy books in PDF format?
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There are several programs where citizens can report their observations of nature to science organizations who need their data. Today, I refer to “Project FeederWatch” hosted by the Cornell Lab of Ornithology, the premier institute for the study of all kinds of wild birds.
The main goal of the program is to combine the interests of backyard bird watchers with the needs of professional ornithologists. By making simple, standardized counts of the birds in their yards and reporting them to the database, citizens are contributing directly to the scientific understanding and monitoring of bird populations. Our observations help those scientists study changes in the distribution and abundance of feeder birds over time. And people of all ages and experience levels can contribute to actual research by participating in Project FeederWatch.
Observation sites can be as large as two tennis courts, or as small as a single feeder. Make sure the site is easily seen through your windows, then just use that same site all season. You simply observe the birds that come to that site for two consecutive days each week. And your counting time can be less than an hour, or more than eight hours, depending on your personal choices.
The scientists want data collected only during winter months, so in 2018 the reporting time ends April 13.
Record and report the largest number of each species you see at any one time during the two days to avoid double-counting birds.
When the observation season is completed, you can learn the numbers and distribution of various species and see how your yard compared to others who have been observing throughout the United States and Canada.
A couple of tips to get you started: Place your feeder in a quiet area where they are easy to see and fill. It is best to have them around 10 feet from natural cover such as trees and shrubs. This provides them cover and discourages cats and squirrels from leaping to the feeders. Buy fairly large feeders so you don’t have to fill them so often. The best all-around attractant is black-oil sunflower seeds due to its high fat content and it is easy for small birds to handle and crack open. Suet, or cakes of beef fat containing a variety of seeds, is another great choice for attracting insect-eating birds such as woodpeckers, chickadees, and nuthatches. The cakes are placed in small cages to hold the suet while birds enjoy the feast. If you can provide grit (sand, very small pebbles, or ground eggshells) the birds will appreciate it since they use that in their gizzard to basically “chew” the seeds. Water is essential for birds even in winter, but you may need to provide a birdbath heater to keep ice from forming. And NEVER use anti-freeze since it is poisonous to ALL animals. Keep your cat indoors. You can also prevent birds crashing into windows by breaking up the reflections on the glass with netting or other decorations.
And if, one day, while you’re enjoying a melodious chorus of bird songs that suddenly go silent, you may have a visiting Cooper’s or Sharp-Shinned Hawk hunting for lunch.
For more information, and how to register, go to feederwatch.org
This is Ron Hellstern and I’m Wild About Utah!
Images: Courtesy & Copyright Project Feederwatch, feederwatch.org
Audio: Courtesy and Copyright Kevin Colver
Text: Ron Hellstern, Cache Valley Wildlife Association
Project Feederwatch, Cornell Lab of Ornithology, https://feederwatch.org/
Feederwatch Handbook & Instructions, Project Feederwatch, Cornell Lab of Ornithology, https://feederwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Handbook.pdf
Instruction summary, Project Feederwatch, Cornell Lab of Ornithology, https://feederwatch.org/about/how-to-participate/instructions/
Detailed Instructions, Project Feederwatch, Cornell Lab of Ornithology, https://feederwatch.org/about/detailed-instructions/
HOMESCHOOLER’S GUIDE TO PROJECT FEEDERWATCH, Cornell Lab of Ornithology, https://www.birdsleuth.org/398/
Beyond Penquins and Polar Bears, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Funded by NSF, February 2009, https://beyondpenguins.ehe.osu.edu/issue/arctic-and-anarctic-birds/project-feederwatch-integrating-real-time-science-and-math
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The Battle of Hastings Word Search is a fun and challenging word puzzle game that is based on one of the most famous battles in English history. The Battle of Hastings took place on October 14, 1066, and was fought between the invading Norman army of William, Duke of Normandy, and the defending English army led by King Harold II.
To play the Battle of Hastings Word Search, you are presented with a grid of letters that contain words related to the battle, such as “Normans,” “Feudal,” “Motte” “Godwinson,” “King,” “William,” and “Bayeux.” Your task is to find all the words hidden in the grid by searching horizontally, vertically, diagonally, and even backwards. The words can be placed in any direction and can overlap with each other, making the game more challenging.
The Battle of Hastings Word Search is not only a fun way to pass the time, but it can also help improve your vocabulary and cognitive skills. As you search for the words, you are training your brain to recognize patterns and improve your attention to detail. Plus, the historical theme of the game can help you learn more about the events and people involved in the Battle of Hastings, making it a great educational tool.
Overall, the Battle of Hastings Word Search is a great game for anyone who loves history, puzzles, or simply wants to challenge their brain. So grab a pen and get ready to search for the hidden words in this exciting puzzle game!
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Students will be able to identify the structure, bones, muscles, ligaments, articulations and contents of the shoulder. They will broaden their understanding of the underlining cause of shoulder injuries and identify muscles associated with these injuries. They will learn how to perform ROM of the shoulder. Review PT protocols for Ice, Heat, EMS, IFC and Cold Laser. They will learn how to perform passive, active stretching and strengthening exercises for the shoulder utilizing a cane, exercise band and free weights. Students will gain the necessary skills to identify functional performance for proper documentation of treatment and assessments.
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- Nutritional services: It helps to detect their early dislike, to build their immunity, it help to build nutritional status.
- Personal hygiene: To prevent odour and infection.
- Environmental health services: To clean all their surrounding, to avoid accident.
- Health services: It prevents them from been prone to infection by developing them.
- Health education services: It help them to be aware of the health problem.
- Social services: (a) It help to control loneliness.
(b) It prolongs their life.
(c) It makes them happy.
- Medical services.
The importance of these services
- Nutritional service. The aged need good food at all times. Therefore adequate diet should be given to them. This will help build their nutritional status. To boost immunity to be able to infection.
- Personal hygiene. This should not be avoided as it will go along way preventing infection. Cut their nails, bath them, cut their hair, shave their beards, wash their cloths and keep their beddings clean.
- Environmental health services. Clean their environment. Provide good water supply clean and well cooked food, keep their floor clean.
- Health care services. E.g immunization when there is an outbreak of disease. Deworm them; preventive care should be given to them.
- Health education services. The health education services are aged related focusing on such areas as, personal hygiene, prevention of home accident, creating time for rest and simple carrying out exercises.
- Social services. Take them out for recreational services; show them within the family circles e.t.c government should provide transport and facilities that will make them happy and keep them going. Local health authority should care for them, as well provide helpers for them, visit them always to avoid loneliness. Give them good accommodation. The aim of all these services is to prolong their lives and make them happy.
- Medical services. This is more of curative. Take them to the hospital for check up. Treat and remedy any defect detected.
Types of services for the aged in the family, community and health care facility
- Personal care: This includes bathing, washing hair and dressing.
- Homemaking: Some grocery stores and drug stores will take orders over the phone and offer delivery services. Cleaning services can help with laundry, and some dry cleaners offer pickup and delivery.
- Meals: Many home care agencies provide homemakers who can cook meals. Also, look into programs like Meals on Wheels, which bring hot meals into elderly people’s homes.
- Money management: Paying bills late or not at all can become an issue as parents age. The process can be tiring or hard to keep track of for a person of any age.
- Mobility: Getting around at home and in town when an aging parent has trouble walking or getting in and out of chairs can be difficult.
Responsibilities and duties of the community to the aged include:
- Providing care and support to the aged with a disability, whom are frail aged and/or their families/carers. Activities include but are not limited to personal care – showering, dressing, toileting, meal preparation, transport to appointments, social support and companionship, domestic assistance, medication prompts, etc.
- Work in line with the Care Plan and contribute to stakeholder meetings as requested (support workers) or maintain a diary whilst the client is on placement (host home providers)
- Advocate on behalf of aged if necessary
- Observe and report changes in the aged health and wellbeing
- Comply with relevant legislation
Health care facilities
- Health care facilities workers provide physical and emotional support to older people who require assistance with daily tasks.
- They provide assistance to clients under defined care plans based on their specific needs, with a view to improving their quality of life. This may include helping elderly people with regular activities such as dressing, washing, eating, taking medication, maintaining a safe and clean environment for the client, and encouraging them to engage with their community where possible.
- They also monitor their clients for changes in physical and mental health, which may include: increased discomfort, loss of mobility, a decline in hearing or sight, or signs of depression.
- Assisting clients with personal care activities.
- Providing companionship and support during daily activities.
- Performing household tasks such as preparing meals, laundry, shopping and cleaning.
- Implementing strategies for managing dementia and other health issues.
- Delivering activities that promote emotional and intellectual stimulation.
- Maintaining a safe living environment by minimising or removing safety risks or hazards.
- Transporting clients to appointments, outings and social engagements.
- Using equipment to assist clients with limited mobility such as hoists, swivel cushions and wheelchairs.
- Implementing care programs for clients in residential care facilities.
- Liaising with other health care professionals, family members and carers.
The Madrid International Plan of Action on Aging
The Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing and the Political Declaration was adopted at the Second World Assembly on Ageing in April 2002. The Madrid Plan of Action offers a bold new agenda for handling the issue of ageing in the 21st-century. It focuses on three priority areas:
- Older persons and development;
- advancing health and well-being into old age; and
- ensuring enabling and supportive environments.
It is a resource for policymaking, suggesting ways for Governments, non-governmental organizations, and other actors to reorient the ways in which their societies perceive, interact with and care for their older citizens. And it represents the first time Governments agreed to link questions of ageing to other frameworks for social and economic development and human rights, most notably those agreed at the United Nations conferences and summits of the past decade.
If you’d like to know more about in home care in NSW make sure you visit Let’s Get Care.
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Chimney (Gk. kaminos; Lat. caminus, a hearth) is a generic word, denoting the tube or other contrivance by which the smoke of a fire within a building or other enclosed space has access to the outer air. The method of chimney building in ancient times is not much known. In more modern times there has been constant progress, from the simple hole in the roof by which the smoke might escape if it could from the Saxon hall, through the wide chimney of mediaeval houses, which was roomy enough to allow the construction of unsuspected hiding-places, and which has lingered on in the wide chimney of old farmhouses down to the modern flue, which, built with a knowledge of the principle that narrowing the aperture increases the draught, may be reduced by means of a register to a diameter of only a few inches. With a view, also, of giving a steady and strong upward draught, modern chimneys are carried to such a varying height above the house-roof as frees the chimney from eddies of wind caused by the irregularities of the roof, and to the top have been added various contrivances for ventilation, a still further protection from eddies of wind. This increased height has made chimney building of some importance from an architectural point of view as giving scope for ornamentation, and some of the chimney stacks of Elizabethan houses and their modern imitations are quite works of art. Of the chimney of feudal times, with its wide throat, and its horizontal opening to the outer air, called the louvre, some ancient castles, notably that of Rochester, give us examples. To show how chimneys have been subservient to the architect's and sculptor's arts by giving occasion for the construction of elaborate ornamental chimney-pieces would require a separate article. In 1842 an Act was passed to put a stop to the practice of boys climbing chimneys to clean them, but it was some time before the Act was enforced generally, at least in country places. Chimneys sometimes, through neglect or accident, take fire, but the fire may easily be put out by stopping up with a wet blanket, or other such like thing the opening of the fireplace so as to prevent air from below from obtaining access to the fire.
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The Vatican recently published a 45-page document “Mensuram Bonam” [Good Measure], which calls on Catholic institutions and believers to engage in “faith-consistent investing” that, among other priorities, urges investors to favor companies whose business models are consistent with the emission reduction goals of the Paris Agreement on climate change.
Addressing climate change today is laser-focused on reducing reliance on fossil fuels and investing in renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar energy. Such policy priorities derive, in part, from sound science, but also proceed from beliefs that are not necessarily linked to science. Unfortunately, such popular beliefs may reduce humanity’s ability to prevent or mitigate extreme weather or climate-related hardship.
Many of us favor better infrastructure until it exerts the least impact on the environment, though it’s impossible to build anything of strategic significance without affecting the environment. And without infrastructure we cannot effectively prevent or soften the impact of floods, droughts and scarce rainfall, wildfires, fragile energy infrastructure, and the like. Yes, fossil fuels are required to construct and operate strategic infrastructure, but the suffering of untold millions can also be reduced. Or do we prefer to live with the suffering caused by extreme weather or climate-related events for the foreseeable future?
Rather than today’s scattergun, repair or replace, lower-impact infrastructure, we could instead identify “national imperative” strategic infrastructure and make such infrastructure a top priority. Such protective and resource—water, agricultural products—enhancing measures, done well, as in the Netherlands and Israel, can alleviate human suffering and resource needs sooner and more tangibly than trading energy credits and nebulous climate programs that may take decades, or longer, to produce significant impacts, especially as a number of large economy nations are doing little about fossil fuels. Strategic infrastructure can be a third way between zero-impact environmental policy and a laissez-faire attitude toward the environment.
Thousands of years ago, the Romans built aqueducts, roads, and other infrastructure that still exist today. Moving people and moving water were essential to the commerce and stability of the Roman empire. Aqueducts to move water consisted of open conduits, tunnels, and pipelines. One such aboveground and underground aqueduct system that supplied Rome extended sixty miles. It’s estimated that Roman roads total tens of thousands of miles.
The Dutch miracle involved (and still involves) employing infrastructure to greatly soften flooding in a country where almost half of the land is below sea level or less than five feet above sea level. An integral element of the Dutch approach is “making room for the water.” A sophisticated and integrated system of dikes, barriers that block off the sea at high levels, pumps, and canals, along with areas designated for planned flooding during catastrophic weather events comprises one of the most elegant “national imperative” infrastructure approaches in the history of the world.
America between the 1850s and 1950s built many large infrastructure projects to move resources, supplies, and people: the transcontinental railroad and a national network of railroads, the Hoover Dam and other water management and canal projects, a federal highway system. In California, big water infrastructure projects brought water from the north, where most of California’s fresh water originates to the southern two-thirds of the state with most of the demand.
Modern Israel converted a land of which only 20% was arable into an agricultural marvel. Micro (drip) irrigation that delivers water as needed directly to plant roots irrigates over 70% of crops. Israel moves water great distances, recycles most of its wastewater for agricultural uses and operates large-scale seawater treatment that requires significant energy to produce drinking water from salt water. In short, a land that was once mostly desert now produces an excess of water.
Certainly, many past infrastructure projects exerted severe burdens on the environment and unequal social burdens. But today, measures such as compensatory habitats, drip irrigation, energy efficient powering of pumps and other mechanical systems, “greener” strategies to “make room for the water,” trenchless technologies for underground infrastructure, more versatile and durable materials of construction, superior water filtration membranes, smart asset management systems to monitor and optimize performance while minimizing adverse effects, detection technology that provides real-time alerts, enable us to build large infrastructure with manageable environmental impacts while preventing or softening the impact of extreme weather or climate-related events on people.
Notwithstanding these measures, mistakes will inevitably occur with large and complex infrastructure projects that will affect the environment. But with properly deployed What Could Go Wrong explorations prior to project planning, negative impacts can be greatly reduced.
For the foreseeable future, we will not be able to build and operate such high-impact infrastructure with renewable energy alone. But as never before, we can build infrastructure that alleviates suffering and promotes a better quality of life while also protecting the environment. If many today believe climate change denial is irresponsible, so too is turning our backs on protective infrastructure because it doesn’t meet a zero environmental impact test. As my graduate advisor was wont to say, tongue-in-cheek, “Zero is quite a low number.”
“Faith-consistent investing” should consider this third way, too.
If you value the news and views Catholic World Report provides, please consider donating to support our efforts. Your contribution will help us continue to make CWR available to all readers worldwide for free, without a subscription. Thank you for your generosity!
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Everyone remembers the shocking pictures of Romanian orphans, tied to their cots in squalid institutions. Decades on, many children are still being held in old-style institutions.
Babies at the pediatric unit are unnaturally quiet. They've learnt there's no point in crying. "They have no affiliation, no stability", laments supervisor Dr Monica Nicoara. Previously, many of these babies would have been adopted by Western families. But foreign adoptions are now banned and authorities want to find Romanian families for abandoned children. However this new system has failed many of the country's most vulnerable. Ricardo and George ended up on the streets after their parents abandoned them. They've given up on the state and now take care of each other.
From Romania With LoveIn 1990 Romania, the world was stunned by what was revealed: Images of orphanages, of starving, freezing unloved children, suffering shocking untold misery.
Crammed into small rooms, bed-bound on rotting faeces stained matresses, they were closeted away from the society and often malnourished.
Many of them in fact were not orphans, but had been placed in the institutions by the desperately poor families who had been forced to have more children than necessary as part of Nicolae Ceausescu’s insane population building policy.
Thousands of parents all over the world responded by going to Romania to adopt a child. In some cases it took as little as two weeks to complete the process.
324 children were officially adopted into English families and 787 into Irish families. This documentary will tell some of their stories, as we trace the progress of a group of these Romanian orphans and their adoptive families.
Findings from the Bucharest Early Intervention Project Early Life DeprivationExperience is the engine that drives much of postnatal brain development. When children are deprived of key (i.e., experience-expected) experiences, particularly during critical periods of development, brain and behavioral development can be derailed. There is perhaps no more egregious form of deprivation than being raised in large, state-run institutions. Charles Nelson (Harvard Medical School) discusses the Bucharest Early Intervention Project, a long-term study that includes infants abandoned to institutions. Recorded on 10/11/2019. [Show ID: 35285]
More from: Impact of Early Life Deprivation on Cognition: Implications for the Evolutionary Origins of the Human Mind
Sample Book Titles
The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Child DevelopmentThe Cambridge Encyclopedia of Child Development remains the most authoritative and accessible account of all aspects of child development. Written by an international team of experts, its comprehensive coverage includes everything from prenatal development to adolescence, pediatrics, theories and research methods, physical development, social and emotional development, perceptual and cognitive development, language development, psychopathology, and parenting. The second edition has also been thoroughly updated to reflect major developments over the last decade in areas such as neuroscientific methods, developmental cognitive and social neuroscience, the effects of environmental influences on gene expression, and the relationship between human development and evolution. Throughout 124 entries, the Encyclopedia advocates an integrated, interdisciplinary approach to the study of child development.
Families and Child HealthIn recent years, there has been an explosion of research on the early origins of adult health. A growing body of evidence documents that maternal health before conception, prenatal and perinatal exposures, and conditions in childhood play critical roles in health over the life course. Scientific understanding of the multiple and interacting influences on child health and their role in later health continues to evolve rapidly, but greater attention to how families shape the conditions of early life that underlie childhood health is needed. This volume aims to advance understanding of this topic, with attention to mechanisms through which health disparities emerge and are sustained across the lifespan.
The International Encyclopedia of Language and Social Interaction, 3 Volume SetThe International Encyclopedia of Language and Social Interaction is an invaluable reference work featuring contributions from leading global scholars, available both online and as a three-volume print set. The definitive international reference work on a topic of major and increasing importance, in a new series of sub-disciplinary international encyclopedias Provides state-of-the-art research for scholars in a highly interactive and accessible format, available both online and as a three-volume print set Covers key research topics in the field with contributions from a team of experienced, global editors Successfully brings into a single source, explication of all of the fascinating and ground-breaking Language and Social Interaction work developing globally and across subjects Part of The Wiley Blackwell-ICA International Encyclopedias of Communication series, published in conjunction with the International Communication Association. Online version available at Wiley Online Library
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When considering longevity, no matter the age to which each wishes to live, every individual would prefer to live a life with optimal health and wellbeing than spending their last years in a dis-eased state. Surveys around the world have shown that health is the number one concern for not only those that have achieved financial success in business, but all people. The general problem, while achieving financial success, is the unintentional lack of effort and time each individual puts aside for nourishing and caring for themselves, resulting in a compromised immunity, rapid aging and a dis-eased state of being in body, mind and spirit.
To overcome this, the pharmaceutical and health industry has provided numerous solutions in the form of a band-aid under the disguise of medication and treatments to compensate and presumably heal a compromised human health system. However, the medication taken over the years pose numerous other health threats and medical issues which are not always properly communicated too, and considered by the patient.
Statistics reveal that there is up to a 50% probability that one will develop cancer today. Fast forward to 2020, it is projected that everyone will develop cancer.
With cancer being the number 2 cause of premature death in the USA population, closely related to the working population in South Africa, how does one prevent oneself from developing one or more of over 200 different types of cancers?
Some cancer’s being so destructive, that death is inevitable within weeks or months. Should one develop cancer, what is the action plan for treatment? Is it chemotherapy, radiation or alternative treatments? Or is it better to prevent the fall of cancer on one?
When it comes to the wellbeing and functioning of an individual, how is this same principle addressed? It is our work, along with our integrative medical practitioners, to provide guidance in how to optimise one’s health and wellbeing and in doing so ward off any potential disease.
Risk is multi-dimensional. It has intertwined causes, consequences and controls to start with.
Calculations built into the software are predicated on using in-built modes of assessment as well as user defined calculations.
The application is a forerunner in setting standards to cater for calculations that span the risk process from inherent risk (representing a failure mode) to residual (i.e. the current state) and target risk (desired) levels using different modes of assessment. The premise of these modes of assessment is that the risk analysis evolves over a life cycle and there is an appeal to build more accurate pictures of risk exposures.
Methods & Steps are designed in the application to allow the process to follow a structured and methodical process when engaging in an assessment. Each method allows for customizing virtually an unlimited number of steps.
A Risk Matrix is an essential tool in assessing risks. Whereas most software applications provide a static and fixed risk matrix, our software provides unparalleled flexibility to design your own risk matrix. A Risk Matrix has two dimensions, Likelihood (Probability) and Consequence (of an adverse event).
Since most software programmes provide risk matrices that are static i.e. pre-defined – our software for PRM stands apart and excels. It lets the user define a matrix with customised parameters. This is made possible by handing over total control on defining a Risk Matrix and its components, which are: Probability and Consequences and how these two interact to arrive at a risk score.
The Concept of Escalation
In risk management parlance an escalation means that someone may not have performed something to plan and an escalation is needed to forewarn the expert/professional or medical practitioner who has oversight responsibilities for the matter, so that backup action may be set in motion.
Personal Lifestyle Exposure Planning, makes use of the principles of financial planning and personal risk management (PRM) in a holistic personal planning approach to provide you with total financial, health and security peace of mind.
Personal risk management is a combination of the science and art of enterprise wide risk management, financial planning and personal wellness.
Within these 3 disciplines, you select the risk categories most relevant at this time. The risk categories provide the basis for your tailored and client-specific personal life plan (PLP) report.
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Hydrangeas can attract flies, although they are not their primary pollinators. Instead, these flowering plants produce subtle fragrances and brightly colored flowers that may attract various insects, including flies.
Typically, flies are attracted to strong, decaying odors, but certain species are known to visit flowers for nectar or pollen. Hydrangeas are mostly pollinated by bees, butterflies, and other insects that prefer sweet-scented plants, but flies, specifically hoverflies, may also occasionally visit the flowers.
Table of Contents
Do Flies Harm Hydrangeas?
When it comes to the health and well-being of your hydrangeas, it’s essential to be aware of potential threats from pests. One common question is whether flies can harm these beautiful flowering plants. In this section, we will explore the impact of flies on hydrangeas and provide insights on how to mitigate any potential damage.
Potential Harm from Flies
Flies, particularly certain species like the fungus gnat, can be bothersome to hydrangeas. While they are not known to harm the plants directly, their presence can lead to indirect issues that may affect the overall health of your hydrangeas. Here are a few ways flies can potentially cause problems:
1. Larvae Infestation: Flies, especially fungus gnats, lay their eggs in the moist soil around hydrangeas. Once the larvae hatch, they feed on organic matter and plant roots. This feeding activity can weaken the plant’s root system, potentially hindering its growth and vitality.
2. Spread of Disease: Flies can act as carriers for various plant diseases, including fungal infections. If a fly feeds on an infected plant or comes into contact with diseased foliage, it can transfer the pathogens to your hydrangeas. This can lead to leaf spots, powdery mildew, or other detrimental conditions impacting the plant’s appearance and vigor.
Prevention and Control
Flies can be a nuisance for hydrangea growers, but several ways exist to prevent and control their presence. These methods include cultural practices, chemical control, and natural remedies.
One of the best ways to prevent flies from swarming hydrangeas is to maintain good cultural practices. This includes keeping the area around the plants clean and free of debris and removing any dead or diseased plant material. Regular pruning can also help keep plants healthy and prevent the buildup of insects.
Hydrangeas should be planted in well-draining soil and watered regularly to prevent plant stress. Additionally, it is important to avoid over-fertilizing, as this can lead to lush growth that is more susceptible to insect infestations.
If cultural practices are not enough to control fly populations, chemical control may be necessary. There are several insecticides available that can be used to treat hydrangeas. Still, it is important to choose a product that is labeled for use on ornamental plants and to follow all instructions carefully.
It is also important to note that some insecticides can harm beneficial insects, such as bees and butterflies, so using them sparingly and only when necessary is important.
For those who prefer to avoid using chemical insecticides, several natural remedies can be used to control fly populations. One of the most effective is introducing natural predators, such as ladybugs or lacewings, into the garden. These insects will feed on flies and other pests, helping to keep populations in check.
Other natural remedies include insecticidal soap, neem oil, or horticultural oil to control insect populations. These products are generally safe for use around humans and pets. Still, it is important to follow all instructions carefully and to test a small area before applying to the entire plant.
Another option is to use companion planting to repel flies. Plants such as basil, mint, and lavender are known to repel flies, and can be planted near hydrangeas to help keep populations in check.
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We always aim for optimum oral hygiene, as a team we will guide you on how to achieve the best results. We operate a team approach to make sure you’re well equipped to build and maintain the best oral hygiene, from tooth brushing to diet. Dora will do routine cleans (with the use of an airflow – for your comfort, as well as hand and ultrasonic scalers if you prefer).
Our nurses can provide expert advice, demonstrations and with the help of our scanner we can show you in 3D simulated imaging the areas you can improve on. Our patient care coordinator is dedicated to building your confidence to help prevent tartare build up, bleeding gums and tooth sensitivity.
There is no shame in needing help or advice with dental health, we aim to empower and educate our patients. Gum disease and the advancement of periodontal disease is the leading cause of tooth loss, which is completely preventable with the right knowledge. Regular dental visits, and a consistent routine are the basis of a beautiful smile.
What Causes Gum Disease
The main cause of periodontal (gum) disease is PLAQUE, a soft sticky film building up on your teeth containing millions of bacteria. If not removed regularly by brushing and flossing, it leads to tooth decay and gum disease. If left for too long it turns into calcified plaque (tartar) making successful removal even harder to achieve. It does not take long to develop bleeding gums and subsequent gum disease as a result.
Further causes and risk factors include
POOR NUTRITION AND OBESITY
Because periodontal disease begins as an infection, poor nutrition can worsen the condition of your gums. In addition, research has shown that obesity may increase the risk of periodontal disease.SMOKING
Apart form its link to many serious illnesses such as cancer, lung disease and heart disease, as well as numerous other health problems smokers also are at increased risk of periodontal disease. Tobacco use may be one of the most significant risk factors in the development and progression of periodontal disease.CLENCHING OR GRINDING YOUR TEETH
Clenching or grinding your teeth can put excess force on the supporting tissues of the teeth and could speed up the rate at which periodontal tissues are destroyed.MEDICATIONS
Just as you notify your pharmacist and other health care providers of all medicines you are taking and any changes in your overall health, you should also inform your dental care provider, because some medication could have a serious adverse affect on the progression of gum disease.STRESS
Yes, stress also is a risk factor for periodontal disease, making it more difficult for the body to fight off the infection of periodontal disease.OTHER SYSTEMIC DISEASES
Other systemic diseases including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and rheumatoid arthritis may interfere with the body’s inflammatory system and worsen the condition of the gums.AGE
Older people have the highest rates of periodontal disease, but tend to respond more favourably to treatment. If you are younger than 30 years suffering for the symptoms mentioned on this page, you should seriously seek advice if your teeth are important to you.GENETICS
Some people may be genetically susceptible to gum disease.
Important! Despite all the above factors, plaque remains the number one culprit. Once you are able to achieve optimum plaque control, you may be subjected to any of the above factors.
If your gums bleed during tooth brushing even after several visits to your dentist or oral hygienist, it is time for a second opinion. Please call 01249 445111 and make a free informative consultation to discuss the matter and take control. Its never too late!
Gum Disease Symptoms
If you happen to have the following signs of gum disease please consult your dentist ASAP:
- Red gums, swollen, tender or bleed during flossing/brushing
- Loose teeth
- Bad breath
- Exposed root surfaces
Periodontal (or gum-) disease can affect your overall health seriously. Remember, this is also called the “silent disease” for a particular reason: You are not aware of it since you do not necessarily experience any pain! Only when your gums are healthy you can safely proceed with any further important treatment. Your dentist should be able to provide you with all the options of treatment varying from preventative, restorative or cosmetic care. The patient should always be in the fortunate position to make informed choices about the dental treatment required.
How to cure gum disease
In the real world you and your partner, your dentist, can achieve complete gum health. A perfect smile is not the highest priority whilst suffering from gum disease. First achieve healthy gums, which is relatively easy, and only then attend to that important smile. Remember, the “razzle dazzle” part of dental treatment is the cherry on the cake and with healthy gums you will most likely retain that smile for a lifetime.
Good oral hygiene after completion of a treatment course will ensure that the 6- or 9-monthly visits to the dentist is only to confirm that all is OK. Dental Health for Life is fact – not fiction.
Did you know that gum disease has been linked in studies with diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and arthritis.
In a British study, men ranked bad teeth as the No. 1 turn-off. And yet, men are notoriously more likely than women to ignore their oral health!
Breaking News Heart Disease
Did you know there’s a link between periodontal disease and heart disease? Researchers have found that people with periodontal disease are almost twice as likely to suffer from coronary artery disease as those without periodontal disease.
Stroke! Additional studies have pointed to a relationship between periodontal disease and strokes.
Check out this page on www.perio.org about: GUM DISEASE AND HEART DISEASE Test yourself with a few Risk Factors:
- Are you older than 35?
- Do you avoid dental care?
- Do you smoke?
- Have you ever smoked?
- Do you have diabetes?
- Do you have high blood pressure
- Do you have rheumatoid arthritis?
- Do you have bad breath?
- Do your gums bleed?
If you find yourself answering YES to two or more of the above questions, you should visit your dentist as soon as possible.
You may not know if you have gum disease without visiting your dentist, but gum treatment can halt the progress of gum disease very effectively and can reverse its effects. Combined with a good routine of home care, you can have a fresh, wholesome, attractive smile in no time. We encourage you to enjoy the benefits of excellent oral health and to be free of decay and gum disease. We want you to feel good about your smile as well as your health.
General Periodontal Treatment
Generally gum disease treatment is only a thorough cleaning and de-scaling, widely available to patients from both NHS and private dentists and dental hygienist and usually performed routinely as part of a six month check up.
Gum disease treatment for the more advanced peridontitis, however, is rather more complex, and may not be as widely available on the NHS. To begin with, the patient will require far more intensive de-scaling, which may take several sessions and include the use of local anaesthetics. Following this, some cases may require surgery to allow access to plaque that has invaded the base of the tooth, far beneath the gum line.
Sometimes a dentist has no choice but to refer their patients for more involved gum disease treatment as it simply may not be feasible to perform these procedures at their own practice.
Nigel Carter, Chief Executive of the British Dental Foundation recently went on record to say that “”Plenty of NHS dentists can perform this gum disease treatment, technically; the trouble is they can’t afford to. If gum problems take a dentist three hours to treat, the current fee structure means they might get paid around £40, which roughly equates to just over half an hour of work; so over two hours, or up to five sixths of the job are on the house. Altruism has its limits.”
You may be a private dentist who does not provide this service to your patients or, an NHS dentists that are squeezed by the new fee structure introduced in recent years and simply unwilling to undertake such complex work. We will gladly look after those patients for you.
Although we continue to offer periodontal treatment to patients of dental practices around Wiltshire and neighbouring counties, we also offer full treatment plans for orthodontic problems.
If you wish to refer patients, please phone our reception directly at 01249 445111. Once we have the patient details we will arrange an appointment for a consultation. We currently offer a free informative consultation to all referred patients.
If there are specific issues needing additional specialised treatment we will contact you so we could work together towards achieving the best outcomes for your patient.
For further information or to book an appointment, contact us on 01249 445111.
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It is Miss Simkin, back again for your next science lesson.
So we're going to be thinking today, all about how we're able to see.
For today's lesson, you are going to need the following things.
You're going to need a piece of paper.
You're going to need a pencil, a colouring pencil if you'd like to mark your work in a different colour and a ruler.
We're also going to need these star words today.
So let's start by saying them all, so I'm going to say them, then you're going to say them to your screen.
Transparent, translucent, opaque, eye, brain, signal, and reflect.
Great, some of these words we're already be familiar with, and we're going to go through what they mean before we begin.
So transparent, translucent and opaque, we've learned about before.
Those are ways of describing materials.
So a transparent material lets all the light pass through it.
A translucent material, can you remember how much light does it let pass through it? If you know say it to your screen.
It lets some of the light pass through it.
And an opaque material, how much light? It lets no light pass through it.
Well done if you remember it.
And our next two star words are our eye and our brain.
So those are both organs in our body and they do different jobs for our body.
So our eyes are organs that help us to see.
And our brain is an organ that does lots of things.
It controls our actions.
It helps us learn new things that helps us process information.
So understand information that's coming to us from the environment.
A signal is a type of message, so you might signal to your friend on your play ground or you might signal for them to come over.
It's a type of message.
If I do this, then that's the signal that I want you to come over here.
And reflect, we've loved before, everybody do the action with me.
Reflect, can you remember what it means? It means to bounce off.
So, this is what we are going to go through in this lesson.
We are going to recap our previous knowledge like we always do.
Then we're going to go through the steps for how we see, we're going to draw some diagrams and we're going to learn all about the human eye and to finish off, we're going to learn about glasses and sunglasses.
So, let's recap.
Can you remember what the definition of light is? If you can remember these definitions, then say them to your screen.
Light is a type of energy that travels in a straight line from a light source.
What is a light source then? It's any object that emits light, well done if you remembered those.
We've already spoken about reflection, it's going to be really important in today's lecture, in today's lesson, which is reflection, it's when light bounces off an object.
And then refraction is what we learned about last lesson.
So let's see if we can remember what refraction is.
Refraction is when light changes direction.
So you can see in my picture, the light has changed direction.
It should be following the green light, but it changes and it follows the pink aray.
So refraction is when light changes direction, but why does it change direction? Can you remember? It passes through something.
It passes through two transparent objects.
So it's when a light wave changes directions as it moves from one transparent object to another or as it passes through two transparent objects.
Well done if you remembered that.
Okay, so, I'm going to explain to you how light enables us to see, and I'm going to show you a diagram under my visualizer.
So I'm going to draw you a diagram to explain how we see things.
So we already know, that in order to see things we need light.
So we need to start with a light source.
So let's start with the sun.
Okay, so here's my sun and it's my light source.
Now light rays travel in straight lines from a light source.
We know that light travels in straight lines.
Let's just focus on one of these light rays.
So let's focus on this one.
Now this light ray is going to travel in a straight line, that's not straight.
It's going to travel in a straight line.
And so, it reaches an object.
So this object is an apple.
Once it reaches that object, it's going to bounce off it.
We call that reflection.
So the light ray is going to reflect off the object and it continues travelling in a straight line.
Now, if that light ray were to keep travelling until it reached a person.
So if that person were to get in the way of the light ray then that light ray would travel into their eyes.
So we actually, I'm going to do a close up of the eye.
This part of your eye here, this black circle in the middle is actually a hole and it's called the pupil.
So the light can actually enter the eye of the person through the pupil.
So I'm going to draw my light ray entering the pupil.
Now, once light has entered the pupil, the pupil sends messages to our brain and that's how we see things.
So our first step was a light source produces light.
So that light source could be the sun, it could be a lamp, it could be a tool, but number one, a light source has to produce light.
What happened next? This picture might remind you.
Next, light travelled in a straight line to our object.
So light travels in a straight line from the light source to our object.
So in this example, our object is an apple.
What happened next? If my action didn't give you a hint, then the picture might.
Our next step is that light is reflected off the object.
So first of all, it travels to the object and then it's reflected off the object.
What's step four? What happens after it's reflected off the object? You wonder if this picture will help you remember? So step four, is that the light travels from the object to our eye.
What happens next? There's a picture of an eye here, what's happening in this picture? If you know, say it to your screen, light enters the eye through the pupil.
And then our last step, step six.
See if this picture reminds you, it's the last step.
Our eye sends a signal to our brain.
Well done if you remembered those.
What I would like you to do now is to rewrite these steps.
All six steps are on your screen and I'd like you to rewrite them in the correct order, numbering them one to six.
We're going to make the screen bigger so you can see it really clearly.
I'm going to ask you to pause the video please and complete this task now.
Great, let's see if you were correct.
I bet you got them all right.
Step one, a light source produces light.
Step two, light travels in a straight line from the light source to the object.
Step three, light reflects off the object.
Step four, light travels from the object to our eye.
Step five, light enters the eye through the pupil and step six, our eye sends a signal to our brain.
Well done if you've got those correct.
Give yourself a tick.
If you need some time to correct your answers, no problem, just pause the video and do that now.
The next thing we are going to look at is drawing a diagram.
In science, diagrams are really helpful for explaining things.
Your teacher will often use them to explain things to you, but you can also use diagrams to explain your answers to your teachers.
Diagrams are really, really useful method, okay? So we're going to draw a diagram today to show how we see to help our written art that we've just written down.
So here is an example diagram.
So you can see I've got my light source, I've got my object and I've got my eye.
In this diagram, the arrows show the direction that the light is travelling.
So that arrow goes from light source to object and then object to eye.
Why are my arrows straight? Why do they have to be drawn with a ruler? What do we know about light? Light travels in straight lines.
So for our diagram to be accurate, our arrows have to be nice and straight.
There's something else I could have added to this diagram to make it even better.
I could have added some labels just to make it really clear to anybody who was looking.
So I could have labelled light source, object and eye and I might even have labelled the pupil, which is where light enters the eye.
I'm going to show you another diagram now.
Have a look at it.
What's different about this diagram? Well, my light source is different, this time it's a light bulb and my object is different, this time it's the chair and that's fine, but there's something else that's different about this diagram and in fact, there's something that's incorrect about this diagram.
Can anybody spot the mistake that I have made on purpose? The arrows are pointing the wrong way.
This diagram is saying that light goes from the eye to the object and then back to the light source.
That doesn't make sense.
I don't know anybody who can shoot light out of their eyes, that would be very, very cool, but it doesn't happen, unfortunately.
So this would be the correction.
This way you can see that the arrows are pointing from the light source to the object, to the eye, okay? So make sure that your arrows are pointing the right way when you draw your diagram in a moment.
So I would like you now to draw your diagram.
You can choose a different light source.
You can choose a different object.
That's absolutely fine, but things that you must remember, light rays pointing the correct way.
Light rays drawn with a ruler and make sure your diagram isn't too teeny, teeny tiny, so nobody can see it.
If you'd like to go the extra mile, you can add some labels to your diagram.
Pause the video and do that for me now, please.
Great, I'm sure they're really fantastic.
And I'm excited to see when you send them in later.
It brings us to our next section of the lesson, the human eye.
So we know already that in order to see something, we need light.
We can't see if there's no light because then there's no light bouncing off the objects into our eyes.
So we definitely need light, but we also need our eye.
If we didn't have eyes, we wouldn't be able to see.
If I close my eyes, so I'm now blocking the light from getting in my eye and I no longer see.
Okay, so our eyes are really important organ and they enable us to see, which is one of our five senses.
So the job of the human eye is to take light in from wherever we look and convert that light into signals that are sent to the brain.
This is a diagram of the human eye.
It might look a bit weird to start with, it's as if we took the eyeball and we chopped it in half, okay? So that we can see how the parts of it work.
As we go through this part of the lesson, we'll add our labels and so you can see what each part of the eye is called.
We're going to start with the pupil, which we've talked about already.
So the pupil is the black bit in your eye, okay? It's circular and it's where the light comes into your eye.
It doesn't look like it's a hole because it's covered with other parts of our eyes, but it's actually a hole that light can go into.
This opens up to become very big when more light is needed and it goes small when the light is bright.
So I don't know if you've ever noticed that, but our pupils can change size.
They can go from small to big.
So here is a picture you can see where the pupil is much bigger in the eye.
So have a look and see the difference between them.
You could even try after this lesson doing this yourself.
So if you stand in a dark room or close your eyes for about 60 seconds, maybe two minutes, you could try and see how long it takes.
And then look in the mirror.
You'll see that your pupils have gotten bigger because when it's darker, our pupils get bigger.
And then, if you go and stand in a really light room or stand by the window for a couple of minutes and go back, you'll see that your pupils will have gotten smaller.
So you might want to give that a go and try it yourself.
I will just say one word of warning, please don't look directly into a light source if you're going to try this, it's not safe to put a light, to stare straight into a light bulb.
That would be too much light at once and your poor pupils wouldn't know what to do with that.
Okay, so if you're going to try that yourself, I would use a dark room and a light room, or stand by a window and close your eyes.
So this is where the pupil is on our diagram.
And in fact, let me make it even bigger.
So the pupil, you can see us pointing to that brown bit on the diagram.
So that's because this person has brown eyes and then the hole in the middle is where that light would go through, okay.
Next, we're going to talk about the lens and the cornea.
Let's practise saying those.
Lens, your turn.
Okay, so these parts of the eye allow us to focus the light.
And that means to collect together the light because when light is bouncing off an object, there's going to be lots of light coming at our eyes and we need a way to focus it.
So collect it together into our eye.
This is what a magnifying glass does as well.
So a magnifying glass focuses the light and helps you to see things close up.
So our lens and our cornea acts a little bit like a magnifying glass, or if you've ever used a camera, the lens on a camera focuses the light.
And if your camera isn't focused, your picture will become fuzzy.
So this is where the lens and the cornea are on your diagrams. So they're two different parts.
The cornea is the outer bit of your eye that's curved.
So it's curved like this and it's actually a sticky way of remembering it, okay.
The cornea is curved like the letter C, the cornea is curved.
Another way you can remember is that the cornea covers the eye, okay? The cornea is curved and it covers the eye.
Remember those things and you'll never forget where the cornea is on your diagram.
Then you can see there zoom in, the lens is this part here that looks almost like the glass in a magnifying glass.
You can see it's the same shape, okay? So the lens looks like the glass in the magnifying glass, the cornea covers the eye and is curved.
How do we remember cornea, say it to your screen? Great.
The next part of the eye that we need to talk about is the retina.
Let's practise saying that, retina.
So, we need a way of detecting the light that enters the eye, and this is done by our retina.
So the retina covers the back of our eyes.
So light enters the pupil and just through the pupil is focused by the lens and the cornea.
And then it's detected by the retina on the back of our eye.
The retina is made up of cells that can sense light, and then they change that light energy into an electrical signal.
So that's what our diagram is showing us on the board.
The retina changes light energy into an electrical signal.
It changes what? Light energy into what? An electrical signal.
Okay, that's what our retina does.
Let me show you where the retina is.
So the retina is actually where it's pointing on the diagram, but it covers all of the back of the eye.
So all of that yellow part is the retina.
Those cells are the ones that sense the light that detects the light and they convert it into an electrical signal or an electrical impulse.
The last part we are going to learn about is the optic nerve.
I've put a picture up, so let's read that first.
It says, "Hi brain, you're looking at an apple from the optic nerve," in a messenger symbol.
What do you think the job of the optic nerve might be? So the optic nerve sends the message to our brain.
Okay, that's why we've got a message there saying, hi brain.
And it's telling the brain what we're saying.
So what does the optic nerve send? A message to our brain.
Great, okay, so the retina converts, sorry, senses the light and changes that into an electrical signal, that signal that moves up the optic nerve to the brain, which puts the signal together and gives us a picture of what we are seeing.
This is where your optic nerve is.
It's right at the back and you can see, it starts in the eye and that black and red line will go all the way to our brain, which is pretty cool.
Okay, take a mental picture 'cause I'm about to change the screen and see if you can remember, see if you can label all of the five parts.
So remember cornea covers and is curved.
The lens looks like the magnifying glass.
The retina, I remember it's at the back and another word for back is rear.
So the retina is at the rear of the eye.
Okay, let's see.
Can you remember all of the parts of the eye? Have a go at filling your labels and you don't need to draw the picture, although you can, if you want to, you can just write A and then what the label is for A.
Pause the video and complete that now, please.
Great, let's see if your memories are on fire today.
A was pupil, B was the cornea, C was the lens.
D was the retina and E was the optic nerve.
Well done if you've got those correct, if not, that's okay.
Every time we make a mistake, we learn as long as we correct the mistake, we learn better.
Okay, making mistakes and finding things tricky the first time helps things stay in our long-term memory, which is really important, okay? So we never mind if we make mistakes in this science class.
Your next task is, can you match the part of the eye to its function, to its job? So carries signals from the eye to the brain.
Can you remember which part of the eye carries signals? I'd like you to write it out in a full sentence.
Say that carries signals from the eye to the brain.
The next one says focuses light onto the retina.
A hole through which light enters the eye and cells that sense light and convert it to electrical signals.
Can you please pause the video and complete that task now? Great, let's check your answers.
So the first one was the optic nerve carries signals from the eye to the brain.
The lens and the cornea focus the light and they focus it onto the retina at the back.
The next one is the pupil.
That's the hole through which light enters the eye.
And the last one was the retina, that's the cells that sense light and convert it into electrical signals.
Well done if you've got those correct.
If you made a mistake, no problem, just pause the video and correct your answers now please.
The next part of our lesson is all about glasses and sunglasses.
We use both glasses and sunglasses to help our eyes and to keep them safe.
But we're going to use our learning now of how we see and the parts of the eye to see if we can figure out why glasses and sunglasses work.
Here's a picture of some glasses and you can see somebody is using them to help them read the words.
So some people use glasses to help them see better.
Glasses have lenses that help them to focus the light.
So you can see in this picture, if you look outside the glasses, so around the glass of the big letter F and G, those are not focused.
You can tell because they're fuzzy.
But if you look into the glasses, you can see that the words are focused.
They have really clear edges and they're not fuzzy.
So glasses help us to focus light.
But I have a question for you, which part of the light of the eye are they held? So if we need glasses, which parts of our eyes are they helping? Are they helping the pupil? Are they helping the optic nerve? Think about which part of the eye have we just learned, focuses light.
If you can't remember, check your notes.
It's the lens and the cornea, well done if you figured that out.
So the lens and the cornea are the parts of our eye that focus light.
So if we need glasses to focus light for us, then that means that they they're helping out our lens in our cornea.
If the lens and the cornea that people have in the eye is too strong or too weak, then that's when they might have to have glasses.
So glasses have lenses that add or reduce focus of light to help people to see.
Contact lenses do the same thing.
So you might be somebody who wears glasses or contact lenses.
Let's think now about sunglasses.
Why do we wear sunglasses? When was the last time you wore sunglasses? So we wear sunglasses when it's sunny and why do we wear them? Yeah, they block light from the sun don't they, they stop us squinting when it's really bright outside.
What's the difference between the pair of glasses that I just showed you and the sunglasses.
What's the difference? The difference is the glass, it's of different material, isn't it? It's a different type of glass in each.
In some, in glasses, it's clear glass and here it's dark glass.
I wonder if somebody could use better vocabulary than me to describe the glass clear and dark.
Could we use any of our star words to describe those better? Well, these glasses are transparent.
What about these ones? And why is the glass different? Why do these ones need to be transparent, our normal glasses and why do these not? How do you think about your definitions? So the glass in glasses is transparent because it needs to let all of the light through.
It's important, we need all the light to come through because we want to see all of the light.
But the glass in some glasses is different, it's not transparent.
It doesn't let all of the light through.
In fact, they're specifically designed so that we don't let all of the light through, because remember the job of sunglasses is to block the light.
So the material is not transparent, it's either opaque or translucent.
Why can't they be opaque? Well, if they were opaque, they'd block all the lights and then we wouldn't be able to see the sun, but we also wouldn't be able to see anything.
So that means the glass in sunglasses is translucent.
It lets some of the light in, it lets enough light in so that we can see where we're going, but it blocks some of the light.
So we use sunglasses to block light from the sun.
And this is because the retina, so these cells at the back of our eye that detect light they can be damaged for a short time or even permanently if they receive too much light.
So that's why we shouldn't stare at the sun for example, and why it's a good idea to wear sunglasses when it's a really sunny day.
Well done, if you managed to work that out and spot those differences.
Okay, this is the last question.
We'll ask two questions.
Could you please answer these questions? How do glasses help some people to see? And why is the glass in sunglasses translucent? Please pause the video and answer those questions now.
Brilliant, let's check your answers.
So the first answer was to help them focus light.
You might also have said to help the lens and the cornea to focus light.
Well done if you've got that correct.
Now our second answer.
I've written quite a long answer, or you might have written different words to me.
That's okay as long as you have some of the main ideas down.
So I'm going to read you what I have written.
Translucent materials lets some light pass through them.
Some glasses are made of translucent glass, so that enough light passes through to allow us to see but so sunlight is blocked to protect our eyes.
And then I've written retina to be really specific in brackets, from the sun.
If you need to correct or add anything to your answers, then pause the video and do that now please.
Well done for all your work today.
Just before we finish up and you go and do your post-lesson quiz, let's recap our key vocab.
So transparent materials lets all of the light through.
Translucent materials let most light pass through and opaque materials let no light to pass through.
We learned about why sunglasses and glasses are made of these different materials.
We learned about two organs that allow us to see, our eye and our brain.
So our eye sends this, the information being sent to us and our brain processes that information.
We learned about signals, signals are a type of message.
And we revisited reflection.
Reflection is one of our most important key words in this topic because reflecting light, light that is reflected allows us to see.
Well done for all your hard work today.
Thank you so much for paying such close attention.
Have a really fantastic rest of your day.
And I will see you back here for our next science lesson, which will be all about different colours.
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We cross the coral reef surrounding the coasts of Cuba and discovered a magical world created millions of years ago.
A small factory of life floats in the immensity of the Cuban sea. Loaded with the power of its photosynthetic pigments, this mangrove seed faces a long journey across the Great Blue, crossing entire oceans in its quest to conquer new lands in which to sow the seeds of life.
Our story begins with this small, fertile traveller and its arrival in the Cuban archipelago: a land of still undiscovered nature, eclipsed by the beauty of its coral sea.
Like this one, other mangroves too came from distant lands and created a fascinating, little-known world; a jungle half above ground half beneath water; an impenetrable maze where countless animals find refuge: the mangrove forest.
Inside this strange world life survives between extremes. There are excesses of salt, of humidity and of heat; and every day it goes from droughts to floods, dictated by the tides. The fauna that has colonised it has had to overcome countless obstacles and that has made it very much like the mangrove kingdom itself: just as rich, as unknown, and as dangerous.
In this impassable world, a surprise lurks around every corner, every animal is an enigma and every shadow a potential danger. This complex labyrinth is the legacy of that intrepid seed which came across the immensity of the ocean; a fascinating paradise where life has remained untouched by man.
A coral world surrounds the Cuban archipelago.
Enormous coral structures, the result of thousands of years of patient calcareous construction, constitute the reefs which fill the coasts of Cuba with life.
It is not a sea rich in nutrients. But, protected by the corals, life multiplies in an explosion of biodiversity.
The coral reef is composed of millions of tiny filtering polyps capable of turning the solar energy and the scarce nutrients in the water into organic matter available for other organisms in the coral community. Starting with them, the chain becomes increasingly complex, and thousand of different life forms develop, from the fragile invertebrates to the most highly-evolved, complex fish.
The tiny coral polyps join forces with the microscopic photosynthetic algae which enable them to generate their external skeletons of calcium carbonate. When the polyps die, their skeletons remain and on them settle millions of new polyps creating layer upon layer and so, over countless generations, the coral reef is slowly constructed.
In this calcareous world each one occupies its own particular niche and its role affects the rest of the community. It is not easy to find food in the world of the reef and the only way to survive is to specialise.
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I have been amazed and enlightened by many things I have learned from the Cuban artists who have been in residence these past months as part of our Creative Fusion program. Last week, art historian Meira Marrero and visual artist Josè Toirac presented their work at a lecture in collaboration with the Cleveland Clinic at the clinic’s Glickman Conference Center. And while I’d heard these visitors speak before, this lecture took me deeper into an understanding of the role that art plays in the larger Cuban culture.
Although much of Cuban art is political, it is both revered and respected by the political establishment. I see two possible reasons for this. The world values the arts and so Cuba has invested significantly in training artists. Second, the world values the work of Cuban artists and so the prominence of these artists internationally does credit to the regime.
But there is another, more subtle and sophisticated reason that Cuban art can carry a politically challenging message while being accepted by those it is criticizing. All of the Cuban art that our visitors have presented here is based on fact. Cuban artists are telling their country’s own story and using materials and images taken from their real lives – but repurposing them to carry a message or reflect reality in a way that is deeply meaningful. If and when confronted, the artist can show that the images are merely part of what IS as interpreted through an artistic medium – not a subjective and biased social commentary by a political activist.
So Josè Toirac’s series of photographs juxtaposing current street scenes and buildings in Havana with their counterparts from 50+ years ago is fact – at the same time it comments on what Cuba has lost under the longstanding regime. One work, however, went a little too far. Josè and Meira created an exhibition of the portraits of all of Cuba’s presidents (more than two dozen in Cuba’s turbulent history – some of whom only held office for a few days) which places Fidel near the end as just one of many, followed by his brother and with an empty nail in the wall for the next el presidente. While it would be going too far to say the work was officially censored, the government used the excuse of “this is just not the right time” for the work to be shown in Cuba.
Finally, near the end of the lecture, Toirac explained that Cuba had two heroes – Ulysses and Achilles. When asked about using mythological Greeks as heroes of the Cuban people, Toirac explained that those that carry the culture of Cuba are always looking to the place where Cuban culture intersects with global culture. And in the life of contemporary Cuba, Fidel Castro and Che Guevera stand as oppositional archetypes. Fidel is like the wily Ulysses (Odysseus), always scheming to outwit fate and live for glory and fame.
The long story of Ulysses’ journey as one of the only survivors of the Trojan War bespeaks his, and by extension Fidel’s, triumph over every adversity the gods threw at him. On the other hand, to be mature in the world is to be like Che – not the man, but the symbol who, like Achilles, chose to fight and strive and die for the glory of his homeland.
I was struck by the real and deep connection these very contemporary Cuban artists were making with universal human archetypes of Western civilization, bringing a mythical but shared past into their understanding of the particular and present reality of their lives. It was quite moving.
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It’s Remembrance Day today, which is making me think about how we should learn from our past. With everything going on, I’m finding the day more poignant than usual. Maybe it’s a bit naive, but wouldn’t it be great if we could all make a concerted effort to be kinder and more understanding of each other.
Poppy field (credit: https://nicubunu.ro/pictures/photoblog/poppy-field.jpg)
Of course, Remembrance Day makes me think of crosses, so if that’s your thing, here are some traditional and less traditional ones to mark the day!
Here at Jewel Envy, we love guiding students through the lows and highs of a new skill. It is so satisfying to watch someone go from the wonder of taking in a sample, to the synaptic fireworks of attempting a new practice, to the awe and celebration of accomplishment.
We have one more class scheduled for 2023, so check out our calendar and sign up asap to increase your skill set with something shiny and beautiful.
Chains take a lot of abuse from daily wear. They rub against your skin, clothes, other accessories and are frequently pulled. Even gentle pressure affects their strength. Depending on current styles, chains may be sold that are actually too fine for everyday wear.
They may even be made from gold or platinum, but if they break frequently, they are experiencing a heavier use than what was intended in their manufacture.
If the chain is really thin, it is not meant for everyday wear. It cannot hold a lot of weight, i.e. a large or heavy pendant, and will most likely break over time.
To determine the quality of costume chains, examine the links. If they are not soldered shut, meaning there is a break in the links, they can easily be pulled apart. This is more of a concern for small to fine chains than larger thicker diameter link chains.
Small chains that have links less than 1mm in thickness are most secure when there is no break in them. Chains made from stainless steel or titanium are quite strong, but it is still important to make sure they cannot slip out from each other at the point where links have a break in them.
Some chains have what is called a break away jump ring on at least one side of the claps. Do not confuse this with poor craftsmanship as this is considered a safety precaution. In the event a chain becomes caught on something, the unsoldered jump ring will allow the chain to break away first before the wearer can be choked.
’20 Tips on maintaining our Jewellery’, Gillian E. Batcher, 2013
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In 1854, Henry David Thoreau penned in his book “Walden,” “We need the tonic of wildness…we can never have enough of nature.” He believed that human vitality hinged on having a connection to the natural world.
One hundred sixty-two years later, a pilot program in the Park Research Lab at the College of William & Mary stands in agreement.
The prescription park program, known as ParkRx, an initiative dedicated to using nature and public lands to improve individual and community health, has been surveying 41 parks in Williamsburg, and James City and Upper York Counties. It’s spearheaded by program director Dorothy Ibes, Ph.D.
“We have examined park amenities, basketball courts, picnic tables, drinking fountains, picnic tables, accessibility options, safety features like lighting and environmental factors—forests, water and open green space,” says Ibes.
Ibes encountered ParkRx when her sister sent her an article about the Washington, D.C., program a few summer’s ago. Amazed at what she saw, Ibes contacted the program director, Robert Dr. Zarr, a physician at Unity Health Care in Washington, D.C., and met with him to learn how to start a program in Williamsburg.
After securing grant money to fund the project with the help of William & Mary, which involved two years of laying groundwork, she launched the pilot program in the summer of 2015.
Still in its infancy, the prescription park program has been proactive in advocating the benefits of taking time out to escape into the natural world.
According to a study by the Proceeding of the National Academy of Science, a 90-minute walk through nature was found to be vital for mental health. With many Americans now urbanizing, a lack of access to nature and green spaces has been associated with increased levels of mental illness, including anxiety disorders and depression.
This is why a core part of the ParkRX initiative includes outreach to physicians and health care providers to introduce these benefits to their patients with the hope that they get out and visit one or more of the 41 parks that have been surveyed by Ibes and her team.
It’s a task Ibes knows isn’t easy, given that physicians need to see patients more rapidly these days, which is why she created a database within the ParkRX website. Healthcare providers just enter a patient’s address and then search for parks based on features beneficial to their patient.
“It only takes three to five minutes to prescribe a park to a patient, but even that in our current medical system can be a lot of time,” says Ibes.
When she offers training sessions to the health care providers, Ibes discloses the research behind the program along with the mental and physical health benefits of spending time outdoors. She also demonstrates how to prescribe a park to a patient and instructs doctors on how to use website.
These newly-minted Park Ambassadors, as they are called, are given Safety in the Parks brochures, prescription forms with directives for their park activity, double-sided one-page PDF park information pages that include a map, directions to the park, type of environment the park is, photos of the park, hours of operation and a list of the park’s features.
To date, Ibes has trained healthcare providers at Sentara, at Pediatric Associates of Williamsburg, several area counselors, and people at the William & Mary Campus Student Health Center and Counseling Center.
Amanda Deverich, a licensed marriage and family therapist with Williamsburg Family Counseling, is an advocate of the program and received training from Ibes. Deverich described the program as “organized, informative, and easy to use.” She now prescribes parks to her patients.
“I think the program is one of many tools in a health professional’s toolbox to improve the well-being of a client,” says Deverich. “I have suggested meditative hikes and journaling alone out in the woods. ParkPx is also a great quality time activity to prescribe for my couples who are trying to reconnect.”
While the initiative aims to benefit the community at-large, its focus centers on those who have trouble accessing the outdoors, who need to get outside to improve their health, or who have conditions that exercise and amenities at a public park could help them to better manage or overcome.
By making an appointment with a participating health care provider, you can have a park prescribed specific to your needs. A prescription is not required for you to escape and enjoy fresh air, it simply adds a layer of accountability on your journey to better health. A complete list of recommended parks is available on the ParkRX website.
Helping Ibes champion the message of ecotherapy are students who share her dedication to educating their peers on the health benefits of spending quality time outdoors. She has trained a total of seven students, who are referred to as Peer Park Ambassadors, and their job is like that of the physicians: to encourage fellow students to take time out of their schedules to get outdoors for the benefit of their mental and physical well-being.
“It’s hard to convince them to take time out for themselves,” says Ibes. “But getting outdoors enhances mood, concentration, learning, sociability and memory—all things important to our student population.”
Ibes says she positions a ParkRx table in first floor lobby of the Swem Library during some of the more stressful times of the academic year with the hope of providing students relief.
“We have scheduled [a table] next semester for suicide prevention, for finals week and midterms. Any high stress time we encourage students to get outside,” Ibes says.
While some students need the extra nudge to get outdoors, Annabel McSpadden isn’t one of those. A junior carrying a psychology and English double major with hopes of pursuing a career in social work, McSpadden found out about the program through her academic advisor. It really resonated with her.
“My advisor told me about this program where they were studying the mental health effects of green space. That was right up my alley since I backpack every summer. I immediately opened up my laptop and applied for the program,” she says.
An avid hiker who loves the outdoors, McSpadden—now one of Ibes’ Peer Park Ambassadors—enjoys hiking the Appalachian Trail with friends, something she has done for the past two summers. She praises Ibes’ leadership and vision for making ecotherapy something that the community should be aware of and participate in to create better health outcomes. She credits her participation in the prescription park program for expanding her perspective on it.
“When I first started the program, I thought it was something just for the present. Now that I’m more familiar with it, if I become a licensed clinical social worker, I can implement these treatments with my patients,” she says.
McSpadden says the program has deepened her commitment to spend time outdoors and she encourage those she loves to do the same.
“I’ve combed through article after article about how people are helped by going outside. It’s a part of my lifestyle and I’m now making sure that my friends and family get time outdoors,” she says.
McSpadden’s attitude and mental shift about enjoying the outdoors is what Ibes hopes others will do at any one of the 41 parks in the greater Williamsburg area.
For Ibes, improving mental and physical health by encouraging people to step outdoors is the start of changing a culture. She says for Americans who find themselves more situationally depressed and gripped with anxiety—conditions rapidly improved by a simple walk around the neighborhood or outside of the office.
“It is my hope that people will want to get out to these public spaces and spend less time in front of their electronic devices,” says Ibes. “Time outdoors is linked to lower rates of anxiety, depression, fatigue, chronic health diseases and heart conditions. Even five minutes outside helps.”
To read more stories about wellness, check out WYDaily’s new health section.
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In the annals of history, few names shine as brightly as that of Michel de Nostredame, better known as Nostradamus. Born on December 14, 1503, in the quaint town of Saint-Rémy-de-Provence, France, he would go on to become one of the most enigmatic and enduring figures of the Renaissance era. This biography seeks to uncover the life, work, and mystique of the 16th-century prophet who captured the world’s imagination with his cryptic prophecies.
Early Life and Education
Michel de Nostredame came from a family of Jewish converts to Catholicism. His early years were marked by tragedy as he witnessed the ravages of the plague, which claimed the lives of his parents and siblings. This experience would later shape his approach to medicine and prophecy.
Nostredame displayed a prodigious intellect from a young age and was drawn to the study of literature, mathematics, and the natural sciences. He pursued a classical education, attending the University of Avignon and later studying medicine at the University of Montpellier, where he earned a medical degree in 1529.
The Healing Art
After completing his medical studies, Nostradamus embarked on a career as a physician. He was renowned for his holistic approach to medicine, combining his knowledge of traditional medicine with a keen understanding of astrology and the occult. His innovative treatments often led to remarkable recoveries, earning him a reputation as a gifted healer.
The Quest for Knowledge
Nostradamus’ fascination with the mystical and occult grew during his travels throughout Europe. He encountered various esoteric traditions and began to explore the realms of astrology, alchemy, and divination. This period of self-discovery would sow the seeds of his prophetic work.
Prophecies and the Almanacs
In the mid-1550s, Nostradamus began publishing his famous almanacs. These annual publications contained astrological predictions and weather forecasts, catering to a popular readership. However, it was his inclusion of quatrains—four-line verses—containing cryptic prophecies that garnered widespread attention.
Nostradamus’ prophecies covered a wide range of topics, from the fate of nations to natural disasters and the rise and fall of rulers. His verses were often veiled in allegory and symbolism, inviting readers to interpret their meanings.
The Centuries: A Legacy of Prophecy
Nostradamus’ magnum opus, “Les Prophéties” (The Centuries), was published in 1555. This collection of 942 quatrains would become his most famous and enduring work. The Centuries contained predictions spanning centuries into the future, and it remains a subject of fascination and debate to this day.
The Controversy Surrounding Nostradamus
Nostradamus’ prophecies generated both fervent belief and vehement skepticism. Critics accused him of charlatanism, arguing that his predictions were vague and open to interpretation. Supporters, however, contended that his accuracy in foretelling events, such as the rise of Napoleon and Hitler, was uncanny.
Life in Turbulent Times
Nostradamus lived during a tumultuous period in European history. The Renaissance was in full swing, the Protestant Reformation was challenging the Catholic Church’s authority, and wars raged across the continent. Nostradamus’ prophecies often reflected the anxieties and hopes of his time.
The Royal Patronage
Nostradamus’ growing fame brought him to the attention of Catherine de’ Medici, the Queen of France. He was invited to the royal court and became the court physician to King Charles IX. His association with the monarchy added to his prestige but also drew envy and suspicion.
The Final Years
Nostradamus’ later years were marked by personal tragedy, as he lost his wife and children to the plague. Despite these devastating losses, he continued to work on his prophecies and almanacs. His health deteriorated, and he passed away on July 2, 1566, in Salon-de-Provence, France.
The Enduring Legacy
Nostradamus left behind a body of work that continues to captivate and mystify people around the world. His prophecies, interpreted by countless scholars and enthusiasts, have been applied to a myriad of historical events, and many still believe in his ability to foresee the future.
Nostradamus in Popular Culture
Nostradamus’ influence extends beyond the realm of prophecy. He has inspired numerous books, films, and television shows. His name is synonymous with the art of prediction, and his cryptic quatrains have become a staple of fortune-telling and divination.
The Enigma Persists
The enigma of Nostradamus endures because of the tantalizing ambiguity of his prophecies. Did he possess supernatural insight, or was he a skilled observer of human nature and historical trends? The debate continues, and Nostradamus remains an enduring symbol of the human fascination with the unknown.
The Legacy of Nostradamus
Michel de Nostredame, known to the world as Nostradamus, was a multifaceted figure—physician, healer, scholar, and prophet. His life and work reflect the tumultuous times in which he lived and the enduring human desire to glimpse into the future. Whether revered or reviled, Nostradamus’ legacy persists as a testament to the enduring mysteries of the human spirit and the unending quest to unravel the secrets of tomorrow.
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Skip tracing is an intriguing and essential process used across various industries, from debt collection to private investigation. In this blog post, we will explore the purposes and principles of skip tracing, demystifying its techniques, legality, and applications.
What is Skip Tracing?
At its core, skip tracing is the art of locating a person who is missing or cannot be easily found. This process is often employed by professionals who need to contact someone for legal, financial, or personal reasons. The term ‘skip’ refers to the person being searched for (derived from the phrase “to skip town”), and ‘tracing’ means to locate or track.
Skip Tracing Agency
A skip tracing agency specializes in finding individuals for their clients. These agencies employ experienced professionals who are adept at using various skip tracing techniques.
Skip Tracing Investigation
A skip tracing investigation is a thorough process that starts with compiling all known information about the subject. This includes analyzing past addresses, known associates, and any other relevant details. The tracer then employs various techniques, ranging from database searches to on-the-ground inquiries, to determine the current whereabouts of the individual.
What is It Used For?
Skip tracing serves several purposes across different sectors. In debt recovery, it helps locate debtors who have fallen off the radar. Legal professionals use it to find witnesses or parties in legal proceedings. It’s also employed in the real estate sector to locate property owners, and in personal contexts, it can help find missing persons.
Skip tracing is the practice of locating someone who is not readily found using standard search methods. It typically involves piecing together bits of information to track down the individual’s latest location. Skip tracers use a mix of public records, digital tools, and sometimes physical searches to achieve this.
Skip Tracing Techniques
Skip tracing is a methodical process that involves various techniques to locate a person who is missing or hard to find. Here are some of the commonly used techniques, along with explanations for each:
Public Record Searches
Skip tracers often start with public records, which include birth records, marriage licenses, court records, voter registrations, and property records. These documents can provide valuable clues about a person’s whereabouts or lead to other sources of information.
Credit Bureau Reports
Accessing credit reports can yield significant information about a person’s financial transactions, including recent credit applications, loan information, and address details. This data can indicate where a person might currently be living or working.
Professional skip tracers have access to specialized databases that aggregate information from various public and private sources. These databases can provide current and historical addresses, phone numbers, employment information, and even relationships with other individuals.
Social Media and Internet Searches
In today’s digital age, social media platforms and online profiles can be a goldmine of information. Skip tracers use these platforms to gather clues about a person’s location, activities, and contacts. This method requires careful analysis of online behavior patterns, friends’ lists, and geographical tags in posts or pictures.
Surveillance and Field Work
Sometimes,it requires physical surveillance or visiting the last known addresses. This hands-on approach can uncover new information that isn’t available through online or database searches, such as a person’s daily routine or interactions with others.
Interviews and Human Intelligence
Speaking with relatives, friends, neighbors, or colleagues of the person can provide critical insights. These interviews can uncover details not found in public records or databases, such as the subject’s recent behavior or undisclosed plans.
Checking with utility companies for water, electricity, gas, or telephone services can help in locating a person. If the individual has recently set up or transferred services, this could indicate their current residence.
Skip tracers often network with other professionals like private investigators, law enforcement officials, or legal professionals. These connections can offer exclusive information and assistance in tracing an individual..
Comprehensive background checks can bring together various pieces of information, providing a more complete picture of the individual’s current situation, past behaviors, and potential whereabouts.
The Legality of Skip Tracing
One of the crucial aspects of skip tracing is understanding its legality. Is skip tracing legal? Yes, it is legal as long as it is conducted within the boundaries of the law, respecting privacy and data protection regulations.
Tracing in Australia
Tracing in Australia, like in many other countries, is a common practice used by various agencies and individuals. The process adheres to Australian laws and regulations, ensuring ethical and legal compliance.
Many agencies offer tracing services. These services are used by businesses and individuals who need to find someone but lack the resources or expertise to do so themselves.
Example: Debt Collection Agencies
In the context of debt collection, skip tracing services are invaluable. Agencies use these services to locate debtors who have defaulted on payments and cannot be found through usual communication channels.
Example: Legal Investigations
Legal professionals often utilize tracing to find witnesses, defendants, or other relevant individuals in legal cases.
Skip Tracing Prices
The cost of skip tracing can vary greatly. Skip tracing prices depend on the complexity of the case, the resources required, and the expertise of the skip tracer.
Skip Tracing Tools
There are various tools used in tracing. These range from public records and databases to more advanced software that can analyze and cross-reference large amounts of data.
- Public Records: Vital records, court records, and other public documents.
- Databases: Specialized databases that collate information from multiple sources.
- Online Resources: Social media and other online platforms can provide valuable clues.
The Role of Private Investigators in Skip Tracing
In many cases, the complexities of skip tracing necessitate the involvement of a professional private investigator. But why exactly should one consider hiring a private investigator for skip tracing?
Expertise and Experience
Private investigators bring a level of expertise and experience that is often unmatched by other professionals. They are trained in the art of information gathering and have a deep understanding of the legal and ethical boundaries within which they must operate. This expertise is particularly crucial in complex cases where the subject may be deliberately evading detection or where the available information is scarce or misleading.
Access to Advanced Tools and Resources
Private investigators have access to advanced skip tracing tools and resources that are not readily available to the public. These include specialized databases, surveillance equipment, and a network of contacts that can provide critical information. This access enables them to gather more comprehensive data, analyze it effectively, and follow leads that might otherwise be inaccessible.
Time and Resource Efficiency
Tracing can be a time-consuming process, requiring hours of research, analysis, and legwork. For businesses or individuals, dedicating this amount of time to finding someone can be impractical and costly. Private investigators, on the other hand, are dedicated to this task, ensuring a more efficient use of time and resources.
Navigating the legalities of skip tracing can be challenging, especially when it involves crossing state or national boundaries. Private investigators are knowledgeable about the laws and regulations pertaining to privacy, data protection, and surveillance. Their involvement ensures that the skip tracing process remains compliant with legal standards, thereby minimizing the risk of legal repercussions.
Handling Sensitive Situations
Skip tracing often involves sensitive situations, such as locating a missing family member or a person involved in a legal dispute. Private investigators are skilled in handling these situations with the necessary discretion and sensitivity. Their professional approach ensures that the process is conducted respectfully, maintaining the dignity and privacy of all parties involved.
Understanding the principles and purposes of tracing is crucial for anyone in industries where locating individuals is a part of their job. By employing ethical and effective tracing techniques, professionals can achieve their objectives while adhering to legal standards. The involvement of a private investigator can be particularly beneficial, offering expertise, access to specialized tools, and ensuring compliance with legal and ethical guidelines.
In this context, our company, Sydney Private Investigation, stands ready to assist you with your skip tracing needs. We specialize in providing comprehensive skip tracing services, leveraging our expertise and access to advanced resources to ensure successful outcomes. Whether you are dealing with a legal matter, debt recovery, or personal search, our team of skilled professionals is equipped to handle the complexities of your case. At Triumph Australia, we prioritize discretion, efficiency, and legal compliance, offering tailor-made solutions to meet your specific requirements. Contact us to learn more about how we can assist you in your tracing endeavors, ensuring results that align with your objectives and legal standards.
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So, I had an idea about five minutes before I was to teach u-substitution this year. I call it the highlight-out method. I think it's easier just to show a slide with two examples rather than try to explain in words:
I had the kids "highlight out" the du portion so they could focus on what's left. Alternatively, you could have them highlight u in one color and du in another.
It may help some; it won't help others, but I think it's a step in the right direction for me.
Another thing I get asked a lot is, "What happened to the du?" This is a way I explain indefinite integrals that I've found helpful:
- The indefinite integral symbol and the differential dx (or du or d-whatever) TOGETHER are a command that mean "Find the family of antiderivatives."
- Once you have found an antiderivative, the two symbols disappear because you have completed the command.
- You cannot have an integral symbol without a differential; they're akin to a capital letter and period.
Here's a slide that seemed to clear things up a little bit more:
One kid told me the last example actually shed a lot of light. Hooray!
Yes, I know, technically you can; I've taken Calculus on Manifolds, but these are Calc AB kids, ok?
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Dementia is an insidious condition of the brain. Several diseases cause dementia including Alzheimer’s and recurrent strokes. The word “dementia” comes from the two roots “de” meaning “to reduce or degrade” and “mens” meaning “mind.” The hallmark of dementia is a lack of recent memory. In Alzheimer’s dementia, short term and remote memory also eventually decay. As the disease progresses, the patient struggling with dementia may experience poor judgment, disorientation, and changes in mood and personality. Dementia is a shattering disease for the person with the condition and those who love and care for him or her. The disease inexorably ravages the mind and then the body. The arrows in our medicinal quiver are pitifully few. The results of pharmacological treatment are generally disappointing.
My premise for this, my first blog, is that America is suffering from “national dementia.” Specifically, we are losing the collective memory of our national history. We are culturally demented, i.e. we have “lost our mind.” Studying history is critical regaining to our cultural health.
In 2011 Newsweek reported in its March 28 edition that only 62 percent of adult Americans chosen at random passed the basic history test given to immigrants seeking citizenship. A NY Times article from the same year reported American students were woefully inadequate in their understanding of history. In fact, the fourth, eighth, and twelfth graders tested scored lower on American history than any other subject in the assessment known as the Nation’s Report Card. Increasingly, a rigorous study of history is purposely omitted from public education in favor of more “culturally relevant” topics.
Some may ask, “So what? Why bother to study history at all? It’s just boring memorization of dates, presidents, and battles.”
You, the reader, have almost unlimited reading resources, but limited time. You must carefully choose what is worthy of your precious minutes each day. My goal is to give you something entertaining, educational, and thought-provoking. We will review and discuss topics of relevance to our daily lives and challenge each other to think. Most of our attention will be on works often overlooked, neglected, or forgotten.
History is the study and interpretation of the past. It’s the retelling of a story. It’s a collective memory of events and people who have come before. Today, unfortunately, many act as if nothing of importance occurred before their own birth. This is cultural narcissism. But, a cursory examination of any of the major fields of academics, the professions, and the craft trades yields the same conclusion- we owe a tremendous debt to those who came before. The physician, the attorney, the professor, the builder, the architect, the soldier, the farmer, the scientist, the homemaker each builds on the toil and sacrifice of hundreds or thousands before them. May we begin a journey where we discover the rewards of a diligent study of history.
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To your most readily useful of your knowledge, this is actually the first report of P. oryzihabitans causing muskmelon stem decay in Asia.Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the most important and extensively cultivated crop, covering about 29.9 million ha of complete cultivation location in China. In the last ten years, spikelet rot disease on rice became so much more regular at the center and lower hits regarding the read more Yangtze River, Asia. Fusarium proliferatum (Matsush.) Nirenberg ex Gerlach & Nirenberg ended up being reported is a causal broker of spikelet decompose on rice in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province (Huang et al. 2012). In September 2019, a study ended up being conducted to know the etiology of this infection Cancer biomarker in the primary rice-growing parts of Jinshan District of Shanghai. Symptomatic panicles exhibiting reddish or brown stain in the glumes had been collected from different rice industries, where illness occurrence was approximated becoming between 20 to 80per cent. Diseased glumes were cut into small parts (5 × 5 mm) from the boundary of necrotic and healthier cells, surface-sterilized with 75% ethanol for 30 s and 3% sodium hypochlorite for 90 s, rinsed twice with sterile distilled liquid, then placed griculture Promotion Project (2019-02-08-00-08-F01127), and the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation plan of Asia Academy of Agricultural Science (CAAS-ASTIP-2013- CNRRI).Three of this cereal cyst nematodes, Heterodera avenae, H. filipjevi and H. latipons are thought to be the most economically important cyst nematodes that affect cultivated cereals around the world. H. filipjevi was detected in China from Xuchang, Henan Province this season (Peng et al. 2010) and now happens to be recorded within the Central China of Henan, Shandong and Anhui provinces while the Northwest China of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (Cui et al. 2020). In Summer 2019, 42 examples consisting of origins and soil had been gathered from cold weather wheat areas in Hebei Province of North China. Cysts were detected in 37 soil samples with a mean of 6.4 ± 1.67 cysts per 100 ml of soil. Cysts and second-stage juveniles (J2s) were extracted from root and earth following Cobb’s sieving gravity method. Morphological and molecular studies of J2s and cysts confirmed its identification with H. filipjevi in 5 examples from Handan (N36°10’052″ and E114°35’056″; N36°37’054″ and E114°22’052″), Xingtai (N36°53’060″ and E114°30’011″) and Shijnd H. filipjevi was indeed recognized in an overall total of 16 wheat-producing provinces in Asia, which triggered losses of 1.9 billion CNY year-1 (Cui et al. 2015). To the understanding, this is the first report of H. filipjevi in Hebei Province of North Asia. Cereal cyst nematodes are easily utilized in non-infested areas by many ways, causing increased species and pathotype complexity (Cui et al. 2020). As soon as H. filipjevi continues to spread in primary wheat-producing area of China, it could become be a fresh menace to cereals production. It is time to just take effective control ways to prevent H. filipjevi further dispersal, particularly through the farming machinery transmission. Hebei Province is one of the most essential major grain-producing places, our findings will be very good for H. filipjevi management and additional research on wintertime grain in Hebei Province, North China.Cotton rose (Hibiscus mutabilis Linn.) is a deciduous shrub native to Asia. It’s been extensively developed in a lot of provinces in Asia for its decorative and ecological value (Shang et al., 2020). In May 2017, an unknown leaf spot symptom was first observed on H. mutabilis during the Chengdu Campus of Sichuan Agricultural University (30°42’31″ N, 103°51’28″ E). The disease occurred from May to September with roughly 81% occurrence by field test study of 300 plants in Chengdu Greenway. The outward symptoms at first appeared as irregular black places from the leaves. Then your lesions grew and coalesced into big, black necrotic places, which later produced leaf chlorosis and abscission (Fig. 1-A). This infection really paid off the decorative value of H. mutabilis. Forty diseased lesions (4 × 5 mm) were surface sterilized with 75% alcoholic beverages for 60 s and 3% NaClO for 45 s, rinsed 3 times in sterile liquid, placed onto potato dextrose agar (PDA), and then incubated in a dark at 25°C. Through the 7 received isolates, 4 isolut N. oryzae had not been isolated from the control plants. The outcome suggested that N. oryzae is a causal broker associated with condition. N. oryzae was reported as a leaf pathogen on cotton (Zhang et al., 2012), but this is basically the very first report of N. oryzae causing leaf black spot on H. mutabilis worldwide. The recognition could supply appropriate information for adopting appropriate administration strategies to control the disease.Matricaria chamomilla flower herb was utilized as a biocompatible material for synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs). The synthesized NPs were assessed for their anti-bacterial potential in vitro and in vivo against Ralstonia solanacearum that causes devastating bacterial wilt illness in tomato along with other plants. Synthesized ZnONPs were more examined by UV-Visible spectroscopy, fourier change infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The synthesized polydisperse ZnONPs had been found to be in the size array of 8.9 to 32.6 nm, and at 18.0 µg ml-1 exhibited maximum in vitro development inhibition of R. solanacearum. SEM evaluation of affected microbial cells showed morphological deformation such as for instance interruption of cellular membrane layer, mobile wall and leakage of cellular articles. Results of in vivo researches also showed that application of ZnONPs into the artificially inoculated tomato plants with R. solanacearum significantly enhanced the plant development by decreasing bacterial earth population and disease extent as compared to untreated control. Biosynthesized ZnONPs might be a very good method to manage R. solanacearum.Clubroot, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae Woronin, is a substantial menace into the canola (Brassica napus L.) business in Canada. Clubroot opposition happens to be overcome in more than 200 fields since 2013, representing one of the greatest challenges to sustainable genetic approaches canola production.
Murine β-TC3 cells addressed with different levels of glucose, and wild-type or the Ser484 mutant man cellular unit period gene 14A (hCDC14A) had been transfected. Cell viability, proliferation and autophagy along with Medically-assisted reproduction islet release had been studied. The mTOR and AMPK signaling pathways were investigated by western blots. Zipper-interacting protein kinase was examined using size spectrometry and immunoprecipitation. Overexpression of wild-type hCDC14A, yet not cell and molecular biology the Ser484 mutant hCDC14A, marketed mobile viability, expansion and autophagy followed closely by improved islet secretion and decreased cell apoptosis via mTOR pathway inhibition as well AMPK pathway activation in β-TC3 cells and vice versa. Furthermore, Zipper-interacting necessary protein kinase (ZIPK), also referred to as DAPK3, was found to communicate with hCDC14A mainly for Ser484 phosphorylation, and ZIPK knockdown could impact the phosphorylation of hCDC14A and weaken cellular demise or cell period modulation. Taken collectively, our outcomes may possibly provide brand-new understanding of the part of hCDC14A within the autophagy of islet β cells and advise the potential healing value of hCDC14A phosphorylation into the prevention and remedy for diabetic issues.Taken together, our results may provide brand-new insight into the part Compound C 2HCl of hCDC14A within the autophagy of islet β cells and advise the prospective therapeutic worth of hCDC14A phosphorylation within the prevention and remedy for diabetic issues. The objective of this research was to illustrate the part of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) PWRN2 within the development of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) additionally the prospective apparatus. Expression levels of PWRN2, miR-325 and DDX5 in 32 PTC cells and paired regular ones were recognized. The conversation in the PWRN2/miR-325/DDX5 axis was considered by Luciferase assay. At final, the functions regarding the PWRN2/miR-325/DDX5 axis in managing proliferative and migratory potentials in PTC were examined. It absolutely was found that PWRN2 was upregulated and miR-325 had been downregulated in PTC areas and cell lines. MiR-325 level was negatively correlated with PWRN2 amount in PTC examples, and the overexpression of PWRN2 stimulated proliferative and migratory potentials in PTC cells, that have been partly abolished by overexpression of miR-325. In inclusion, DDX5 ended up being the goal gene binding to miR-325, and its particular amount was negatively controlled by miR-325. Moreover, Luciferase assay and relief studies confirmed that the PWRN2/miR-325/DDX5 axis aggravated the improvement PTC. Thyroid disease (TC) is a very common malignant tumefaction regarding the endocrine system, and its own morbidity and mortality have been in the large locations. Recent studies have focused on exploring biological markers and targeted therapy for TC. This analysis is designed to elucidate the role of LINC00106 in the progression of TC while the regulating components. Differential level of LINC00106 in a downloaded profile containing TC and normal areas from GEPIA database ended up being reviewed. Later, its degree in TC tissues and cell lines was detected by quantitative genuine Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). The partnership between LINC00106 level and clinical data of TC customers was assessed, including age, tumor staging, lymphatic metastasis, and general survival. After transfection of si-LINC00106, TC cellular metastasis had been assessed by wound healing and transwell assay. General quantities of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, β-catenin, and Vimentin managed by LINC00106 were determined making use of qRT-PCR and Western blot. LINC00106 had been downregulated in TC tissues than normal people. Its amount was correlated to tumor staging, lymphatic metastasis and general success in TC patients. The knockdown of LINC00106 in BCPCP and TPC-1 cells enhanced migratory and invasive capabilities and caused the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the one style of thyroid cancer. Though it features an excellent prognosis, the recurrence and metastasis prices continue to be high. The microarray dataset GSE66783 was installed from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). With all the R package, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and lncRNAs between normal adjacent cells and cancer cells of PTC had been identified. The miRNAs that have been focused by DElncRNAs in addition to mRNAs which were targeted by miRNAs were found through miRcode and through miRTarBase, TargetScan, and miRDB, correspondingly. Moreover, the ceRNA network had been built. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses had been done on the DEGs. The PPI community associated with the DEGs had been obtained through the STRING database, and also the top 5 hub genetics that had a decent correlation using the disease had been obtained making use of Cytoscape. Eventually, the study used the Kaplan-Meier solution to evaluate PTC client survival time, and the Human Protein Atlas database ended up being utilized to recover the appearance for the hub genetics in normal and PTC client tissues. The rs1008562, rs2234671 and rs3138060 polymorphisms of the CXCR1 gene happen been shown to be related to many diseases, however in breast disease (BC) their association has not been detected. The purpose of this research would be to figure out the regularity and association for the rs1008562, rs2234671 and rs3138060 polymorphisms of CXCR1 gene in BC patients within the Mexican population.
Number of 5554 and 5472 open reading frames more than 50 codons were observed in the direct strand as well as in the reverse strand, correspondingly. As a result of the several plant growth-promoting traits of the bacterium, genetics taking part in various indole-3-acetic acid manufacturing paths, e.g., indole-3-pyruvic acid and indole-3-acetamide pathways, were based in the bacterium’s genome. In inclusion, numerous copies associated with the gcd gene, primary enzymes involvement into the solubilization of phosphates, glucose dehydrogenase, were additionally seen in this genome. The research provides new genomic information to help comprehending the method of activity of a stress-tolerant plant growth-promoting bacterium.Streptomycetes are germs of biotechnological significance being that they are avid manufacturers of secondary metabolites, including antibiotics. Progress in genome mining has shown that Streptomyces species encode for a lot of biosynthetic gene groups which are mostly unexplored. Here, we picked three Actinomycetes species for whole genome sequencing which are recognized to produce potent thiopeptide antibiotics. Streptomyces actuosus biosynthesizes nosiheptide, Streptomyces sioyaensis produces siomycin, and Actinospica acidiphila is a part for the Actinomycete subfamily. Bioinformatic analyses demonstrated diverse secondary metabolomes with multiple antibiotic-encoding gene groups. Detailed mass spectrometry analysis of metabolite extracts verified the active phrase of nosiheptide and siomycin from S. actuosus and S. sioyaensis while fractionation of this bacterial extracts and subsequent challenge against Staphylococcus aureus demonstrated powerful antibiotic activity of fractions containing these substances. Whole genome sequencing among these types facilitates future bioengineering efforts for thiopeptides and characterization of appropriate additional metabolites. Uterine artery pseudoaneurysms (UAPs) tend to be a rare lethal complication presenting as genital bleeding. Transvaginal ultrasound doppler scans can diagnose UAPs within the immediate and later postpartum period. This case report highlights UAP management using minimally unpleasant interventions for fertility preservation. A 21-year-old woman provided on post-operative day 10 following a primary cesarean section with heavy genital bleeding and a UAP had been confirmed on doppler sonography. A multidisciplinary strategy determined the perfect management taking the person’s virility into consideration. Initially, the UAP was injected straight with thrombin under ultrasound assistance. However, due to a subsequent hemorrhage, a uterine artery embolization was carried out. Recognition of UAP is crucial when you look at the management of postpartum genital bleeding. Patient check details goals should be balanced with all the severity of UAPs to determine optimal administration.Recognition of UAP is crucial within the management of postpartum genital bleeding. Patient goals must be balanced with the severity of UAPs to determine ideal management.COVID-19 may be the present-day pandemic around the globe. Having believed that approx 15% of the world’s population was infected with coronavirus with numerous population on the brink to be contaminated. It is quite difficult to break the virus string since asymptomatic clients may result in the spreading associated with infection in addition to the seriously infected customers. COVID-19 has its own comparable symptoms to SARS-D nonetheless, signs and symptoms can worsen depending on the immunity energy associated with the patients. It is crucial to be able to get the infected patients even with no signs to help you to split the spread of this sequence. In this paper, the contrast dining table defines the precision of deep discovering architectures by the implementation of various optimizers with different discovering rates Infected aneurysm . So that you can get rid of the overfitting concern, different learning rate happens to be experimented. More in this paper, we have suggested the classification of this COVID-19 images utilizing the ensemble of 2 layered Convolutional Neural Network with all the Transfer discovering method which consumed smaller time for classification and attained an accuracy of nearly 90.45%.This report describes mask detection utilizing Matlab whenever complex images into the dataset. Matlab specified the quicker R-CNN algorithm and Dataset allotment for mask detection. This paper manages complex pictures making use of facial recognition packages. The Faster R-CNN methodology found in the security system additionally the medical system. The proposed work balanced face restriction, shade modifications, brightness changes, and contrast modifications. Segmentation and feature removal DNA-based medicine utilized in face limitation of the person image. We chose RCNN, Fast RCNN, and Faster RCNN algorithm for detecting Mask detection and personal distance. Areas with Convolutional neural network Based on Mixing photographs, pixel prediction, and certain enhancements. The primary objective was to solving several and multitask photo detection issues with speed rates. The Methodology used for face detection and recognition of Unmask person in a dataset of face database.Compared to traditional face-to-face psychological treatments, internet-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (iCBT) provides an innovative alternative that’s been discovered to work in the remedy for anxiety disorders.
The best thermal sensitivity to leakage happened between 0 and 5 °C for all species, while membranes through the icefish, Chaenocephalus aceratus (Hb-/Mb-) exhibited leakage that was almost 1.5-fold better than leakage in N. coriiceps (Hb+/Mb+). Articles of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) were roughly 1.5-fold greater in icefishes than in red-blooded fishes, and phospholipids had a greater degree of unsaturation in icefishes than in Hb + notothenioids. Cholesterol contents were cheapest in Champsocephalus gunnari (Hb-/Mb-) and highest when you look at the two Hb+/Mb + species, G. gibberifrons and N. coriiceps. Our results reveal noticeable HSP27 inhibitor J2 cost variations in membrane layer properties and show a breach in membrane fluidity and architectural stability at a lower life expectancy heat in icefishes compared to red-blooded notothenioids. Significantly more than 300 genetic alternatives have now been robustly related to measures of human being adiposity. Highly penetrant mutations causing real human obesity achieve this mainly by disrupting satiety paths when you look at the mind and increasing intake of food. The majority of the typical obesity-predisposing alternatives are in, or near, genes expressed highly when you look at the mind, but little is famous of the purpose. Exploring the biology of these genes at scale in mammalian methods is challenging. We desired to establish and verify the usage of a multicomponent display screen for feeding behaviour phenotypes, taking advantage of the tractable model organism Drosophila melanogaster. We validated a display screen for feeding behaviour in Drosophila by comparing results after disrupting the appearance of centrally expressed genes that influence energy balance in flies to those of 10 control genetics. We then utilized this screen to explore the results of disrupted expression of genetics either a) implicated in energy homeostasis through human genome-wide connection scientific studies (GWAS) lity of Drosophila as a tractable model organism in a high-throughput hereditary display screen for intake of food phenotypes. This simple, cost-efficient method is perfect for high-throughput interrogation of genes implicated in feeding behaviour and obesity in mammals and can facilitate the process of reaching a functional knowledge of obesity pathogenesis.The continuous shortage in health services additionally the increasing cancer occurrence, emphasize the necessity for new techniques to make sure ideal remedies, cares and follow-up for all clients. Digitalized healthcare, which includes numerous principles (digital wellness, telemedicine, telemonitoring and electronic therapeutics), tend to be a promising solution to satisfy these requirements. In this scoping analysis, we offer an overview of this recent offered research proof on digitalized medical for HNC clients and caregivers. Through the interrogation of PubMed and Cochrane Library databases, an overall total of 32 relevant articles stating the utilization of digitalized health in numerous configurations of HNC customers’ treatment management, had been examined. Overall, HNC patients also caregivers had been extremely happy, especially because digitalized health care permits the early detection of health disorders, improve person’s management, lifestyle, self-confidence and communication. Furthermore, digitalized health care had been significantly time- and economical. While the benefits digitalized medical is reported to be feasible and medically relevant, our future efforts should focus on the demonstration of the clinical utility in well-designed medical tests. It is appealing to anticipate that this process will enhance clients’ management and quality of life and change the way patients connect to family and professional medical care givers. The low precision limitations making use of fibular free flap (FFF). We apply electronic navigation and 3D publishing design technology in mandibular repair to improve FFF’s reliability. 34 patients who underwent with FFF to correct mandibular defects had been Total knee arthroplasty infection split into Navigation Group (13 instances, using electronic navigation and 3D printing model) and Control Group (21 situations, only 3D publishing design). We retrospectively reviewed customers’ hospitalization information and examined Healthcare acquired infection clients by subjective and unbiased products, such as UW-Qol scale, CT information. The procedure time of Navigation Group had been higher significantly than Control Group (10.36 ± 1.87vs9.00 ± 1.34 h).There were no significant differences in early postoperative complications. The Qol rating of look, motion, anxiety had been greater somewhat in Navigation Group. The CT results revealed that mandibular perspective deviation and chin deflection of Navigation Group had been better substantially than Control Group (1.72 ± 1.29° vs 3.69 ± 1.67°, 2.45 ± 1.39 vs 5.19 ± 2.13 mm). The digital navigation can improve FFF’s accuracy in mandibular repair. It does not considerably boost problems. The electronic navigation’s installation and operation techniques ought to be simplified to smaller operation time and increase its application.The digital navigation can improve FFF’s accuracy in mandibular repair. It generally does not somewhat increase complications. The digital navigation’s installation and procedure methods ought to be simplified to smaller procedure time and increase its application. This study is designed to evaluate the choroidal vascularity list in clients with idiopathic epiretinal membrane at different phases. This prospective study included 125 eyes of 125 customers with idiopathic epiretinal membrane layer and 62 eyes of 62 healthier control subjects.
Subsequently, making use of Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR), quantitative analysis had been done with mean % error of predicted concentrations of respectively 3.31%, 5.54% and 8.60% for MTX, 5-FU and GEM. These results are in accordance with the 15% acceptance criteria used for the present clinical standard method, FIA, and also the Limits of Detection for several drugs were determined to be substantially lower than the administered range, therefore highlighting the potential of confocal Raman spectroscopy for direct analysis of chemotherapeutic solutions.It is widely accepted that nanotechnology attracted even more interest as a result of various values that nanomaterial applications offers in various areas. Recently, scientists have suggested nanomaterials based electrochemical sensors and biosensors among the powerful choices or supplementary analytical resources towards the mainstream detection procedures that uses a lot of time. Among various nanomaterials, scientists mainly pre-existing immunity considered magnetic nanomaterials (MNMs) for developing and fabricating the electrochemical (bio)sensors for many utilizations. Among several factors, healthier and top quality meals will be the main tastes of customers and makers. For this reason, establishing brand-new approaches for quick, exact along with delicate determination of elements or pollutants of foods is essential. Consequently, building the newest electrochemical (bio)sensors in food analysis is amongst the key and effervescent research fields. In this review, firstly, we introduced the properties and synthesis methods of MNMs. Then, we summarized a few of the recently developed MNMs-based electrochemical (bio)sensors for food evaluation including detecting the antioxidants, artificial meals colorants, pesticides, heavy metal ions, antibiotics along with other analytes (bisphenol A, nitrite and aflatoxins) from 2010 to 2020. Finally, the present review described benefits, challenges also future instructions in this industry.pH plays an important part selleck compound in almost all biological processes, which therefore has to be securely managed. Particularly little alterations in pH value in biological methods will impact the regular metabolic features of animals and plants. Therefore, it is very important to precisely keep track of alterations in pH in biological methods. Herein, we rationally fabricated a new molecular pH probe (NBD-pbz) based on conjugation regarding the 2-Piperazin-1-yl-1,3-benzothiazole (pbz) and 7-nitro-1,2,3-benzoxadiazole (NBD) building blocks. Listed here test on NBD-pbz unveiled that it can provide a sensitive and discerning monitoring of pH modifications from 3.2 to 7.6 with pKa 5.51, and not just in eukaryotic cells (especially the imaging of ocular tumor cell OCM-1) and zebrafish additionally in mung bean sprouts via fluorometric start response and an intramolecular cost transfer (ICT) based working process method. Therefore, this NBD-pbz probe not just replenishes the existing repertory of molecular pH probes but in addition runs the effective use of pH probes to monitor pH variation within the plant kingdom, which will undoubtedly arouse higher research interest in the field.Recent analysis indicated that plant additional metabolites in pollen may exacerbate the protein-mediated allergic reaction in pollen allergy. It had been discovered that allergenic pollen from different plant families contain significant amounts of electrophiles which could covalently bind to nucleophilic groups of proteins, such as thiol moieties. Electrophiles in pollen associated with Asteraceae species are usually sesquiterpene lactones, nevertheless the nature of electrophilic metabolites in allergenic pollen of various other plant households is unidentified. We created a solid-supported cysteinyl probe to be able to selectively extract physiologically relevant electrophiles from pollen extracts, also to allow their particular subsequent characterization by online and off-line spectroscopic analysis. The substance of this method ended up being evaluated with an array of structurally different model compounds and with a spiked model extract.A unique electrochemical immunosensor for the detection associated with important marine biotoxins domoic acid (DA) and okadaic acid (OA) was created. The sensors made use of carbon black colored changed screen-printed electrodes (CB-SPE) obtained utilizing a high-throughput strategy. The electrochemical overall performance and stability of CB modified SPEs and bare carbon SPEs (c-SPEs) were compared making use of cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. CB-SPEs showed improved lasting (at least half a year) security and electro-catalytic properties compared with c-SPEs. The CB-SPEs were bio-functionalized with DA or OA protein-conjugates and used to develop two indirect competitive immunosensors utilizing differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The DPV indicators received for the OA and DA immunosensors fitted well to four-parameter dose-response curves (R2 > 0.98) and showed excellent LODs (LOD = 1.7 ng mL-1 for DA in buffer; LOD = 1.9 ng mL-1 for DA in mussel extract; LOD = 0.15 ng mL-1 for OA in buffer; LOD = 0.18 ng mL-1 for OA in mussel herb). No considerable disturbance of this naturally co-occurring marine toxins saxitoxin, tetrodotoxin and OA was detected when it comes to DA immunosensor. Likewise, for the OA immunosensor saxitoxin, tetrodotoxin and DA did not cross-react and extremely restricted disturbance ended up being observed for the Medically-assisted reproduction dinophysis toxins DTX-1, DTX-2 and DTX-3 (OA congeners). More over, both immunosensors stayed steady after at least 25 times of storage space at 4 °C. This work demonstrates the possibility of affordable, mass-produced nanomaterial-modified SPEs for marine toxin detection in shellfish.Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are recognized as international toxins and boost substantial meals security concerns.
Among reliant patients, 59.4% had personal dilemmas (p = 0.029), 19.2% existed alone (p = 0.13), and in 73.3per cent of cases the housing ended up being inadequate (p = 0.47). The type of with cognitive disability, 79.5% of clients had personal issues (p = 0.001), and 10.3% existed alone (p = 0.038). The outcome regarding the research verify the presence of dependence and personal dilemmas at hospital discharge in a top percentage of chronic customers. Preparing their treatment can result in moral disputes regarding the utilization of information technologies, that are destined to promote the patients’ autonomy, and also to the personal problems from the illness.The second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation concept calculations because of the aug-cc-pVTZ foundation set were done on complexes of triel types BCl3, BH3, AlCl3, and AlH3 performing as Lewis acids through the B or Al centre with Lewis base units NCH, N2, NH3, and Cl- anion. These buildings tend to be connected by triel bonds B/Al⋅⋅⋅N or B/Al⋅⋅⋅Cl. The Quantum Theory of ´Atoms in Molecules´ approach, normal Bond Orbital technique, together with decomposition of power of interaction had been applied to characterise the latter links. Nearly all complexes are linked through powerful interactions having features of covalent bonds and characterised by quick intermolecular distances, frequently below 2 Å. The BCl3⋅⋅⋅N2 complex is related by a weak interaction equivalent into the B⋅⋅⋅N distance of ~3 Å. For the BCl3⋅⋅⋅NCH complex, two configurations corresponding to neighborhood energetic minima are observed, one characterised by a brief B⋅⋅⋅N distance and a powerful interacting with each other and a differnt one characterised by a longer B⋅⋅⋅N distance and a weak triel relationship. The tetrahedral triel framework is seen for buildings connected by powerful triel bonds, while, for complexes connected by poor communications, the dwelling is near the trigonal pyramid, particularly observed for the BCl3⋅⋅⋅N2 complex.Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), using well known, safe and economical photosensitizers, such phenothiazines, e.g., methylene azure (MB), or porphyrins, e.g., protoporphyrin-IX (PP-IX), might help to mitigate the COVID-19 either to prevent infections or even develop photoactive materials (e.g., masks, matches, gloves) to disinfect surfaces, atmosphere and wastewater, under artificial light and/or all-natural sunlight.With a mean globally prevalence of 13 [...].Summer temperatures are often high in Southern China, and cows are going to experience a heat tension effect. Temperature tension need a poor effect on the overall performance of milk cattle; however, the system in which high temperature strikes lactation is certainly not obvious. CircRNA is a kind of non-coding RNA discovered in the past few years, which carries out an important function in several biological tasks. Nevertheless, the effects of circRNA on lactation function of dairy cows under temperature tension is unidentified. The present research aimed to explore the phrase levels of circRNA in the mammary gland muscle of cattle under heat tension. Firstly, we amassed bloodstream and milk samples of summertime and cold temperatures cows and examined lactation overall performance making use of serum signs, milk production, and milk structure. Including the calculation regarding the temperature and moisture list, we conformed the warmth anxiety status of cattle in summer. Temperature stress increased the concentration of HSP70 and reduced the focus of SOD and PRL. Heat anxiety perhaps not A-mRNA companies might occur when you look at the cow’s mammary glands, offering important experience for dairy lactation and milk high quality.High-throughput plant phenotyping in managed environments (development chambers and glasshouses) is generally delivered via big, costly installments Psychosocial oncology , resulting in restricted access in addition to increased relevance of “affordable phenotyping” solutions. We current two robot vectors for automated plant phenotyping under managed circumstances. Using 3D-printed components and readily-available hardware and electronic elements, these styles tend to be inexpensive, flexible and easily modified to several tasks. We provide a design for a thermal imaging robot for high-precision time-lapse imaging of canopies and a Plate Imager for high-throughput phenotyping of origins and shoots of plants grown on media dishes. Phenotyping in controlled conditions requires multi-position spatial and temporal tabs on environmental problems. We also present a low-cost sensor system for environmental monitoring based on inexpensive sensors, microcontrollers and internet-of-things (IoT) protocols.NaV1.3 is a subtype associated with the voltage-gated salt channel family. It was implicated within the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain, even though contribution with this station to neuronal excitability is not really grasped. Tf2, a β-scorpion toxin previously identified through the venom of Tityus fasciolatus, has been reported to selectively activate NaV1.3. Here, we describe the game of synthetic Tf2 and assess its suitability as a pharmacological probe for NaV1.3. As explained for the local toxin, synthetic Tf2 (1 µM) caused early channel orifice, decreased the top current, and shifted the voltage reliance of NaV1.3 activation in the hyperpolarizing path by -11.3 mV, without any activity at NaV1.1, NaV1.2, and NaV1.4-NaV1.8. Additional activity had been available at NaV1.9, tested utilising the hNav1.9_C4 chimera, where Tf2 (1 µM) shifted the current dependence of activation by -6.3 mV. So as to convert Tf2 into an NaV1.3 inhibitor, we synthetized the analogue Tf2[S14R], a mutation formerly described to remove the excitatory activity of related β-scorpion toxins. Undoubtedly, Tf2[S14R](10 µM) had decreased excitatory activity at NaV1.3, although it still caused a little -5.8 mV shift in the current reliance of activation. Intraplantar injection of Tf2 (1 µM) in mice caused spontaneous flinching and inflammation, that has been maybe not paid down because of the NaV1.1/1.3 inhibitor ICA-121431 nor in NaV1.9-/- mice, recommending off-target task.
Models were compared with respect to result quotes, alterations in the result estimates, coefficient estimates, DIC and modure work should examine the attributes of a network where corrections could have a visible impact, such as for instance how much IPD is required in a given measurements of network.Overall, the usage of IPD often impacted the coefficient estimates, but not sufficiently as to warrant changing the final Selleckchem Hexamethonium Dibromide suggestions associated with the biomechanical analysis 2018 WHO Guidelines. Future work should analyze the top features of a network where changes may have an impact, such as for instance how much IPD is necessary in a given size of system. Bacteriophages perform crucial functions into the development of bacteria as well as in the introduction of brand new pathogenic strains by mediating the horizontal transfer of virulence genetics. Pasteurella multocida is responsible for different infection syndromes in an array of domesticated animal species. Nevertheless, hardly any is famous concerning the influence of bacteriophages on illness pathogenesis in this species. Temperate bacteriophage diversity was considered in 47 P. multocida isolates of avian (9), bovine (8), ovine (10) and porcine (20) source. Induction of phage particles with mitomycin C identified a diverse variety of morphological kinds representing both Siphoviridae and Myoviridae family-types in 29 isolates. Phage of both morphological types were identified in three isolates suggesting that just one microbial host may harbour multiple prophages. DNA was isolated from bacteriophages recovered from 18 P. multocida isolates and its own characterization by constraint endonuclease (RE) analysis identified 10 different RE types. Phage of identical RE types were identified in some closely-related strains but phage having different RE kinds had been present in other closely-related isolates recommending possible recent acquisition. The number range of the induced phage particles was explored using plaque assay but only 11 (38%) phage lysates produced signs and symptoms of illness in a panel of signal strains comprising all 47 isolates. Notably, the vast majority (9/11) of phage lysates which caused illness descends from two sets of phylogenetically unrelated ovine and porcine strains that exclusively possessed the toxA gene. Relative phylogeographic scientific studies on rainforest types which are widespread in Central Africa frequently reveal hereditary discontinuities within and between biogeographic areas, indicating (historical) barriers to gene flow, possibly as a result of repeated and/or durable population fragmentation during glacial durations in accordance with the forest refuge hypothesis. The influence of forest fragmentation seems to be modulated by the environmental amplitude and dispersal capacities of each species, leading to different demographic histories. Moreover, while multiple scientific studies investigated the western part of Hereditary PAH Central Africa (Lower Guinea), few have sufficiently sampled the heart for the Congo Basin (Congolia). In this study, we look for hereditary discontinuities between populations regarding the extensive tropical tree Scorodophloeus zenkeri Harms (Fabaceae, Detarioideae) in Central Africa. Also, we characterize hereditary variety, selfing rate and fine-scale spatial genetic framework within populations to estimate the gene disp resulting from past forest fragmentation can continue for quite some time before becoming erased by gene circulation. Many transcription factors (TFs) take on nucleosomes to gain access to their cognate binding sites. Recent research reports have identified a few TF-nucleosome interacting with each other modes including end binding (EB), oriented binding, regular binding, dyad binding, groove binding, and gyre spanning. Nonetheless, you will find considerable experimental difficulties in measuring nucleosome binding modes for tens of thousands of TFs in different types. Women can be at a lot more than 1.5-fold greater risk for clinically appropriate adverse drug events. While this greater prevalence is partially due to gender-related impacts, biological intercourse distinctions likely also impact drug response. Openly readily available gene phrase databases provide an original opportunity for examining drug reaction at a cellular level. Nevertheless, missingness and heterogeneity of metadata stop large-scale recognition of medication visibility studies and restrict assessments of sex prejudice. To handle this, we trained organism-specific designs to infer sample intercourse from gene appearance data, and utilized entity normalization to map metadata cellular range and drug mentions to present ontologies. Using this method, we inferred sex labels for 450,371 individual and 245,107 mouse microarray and RNA-seq examples from refine.bio. The Post-group underwent surgery even less often compared to the Pre-group. Considering that the therapy option to use mTORi when you look at the treatment of SEGA in TSC became offered, options for surgical resection have actually decreased within our facility.The Post-group underwent surgery considerably less frequently than the Pre-group. Considering that the therapy option to use mTORi when you look at the remedy for SEGA in TSC became available, opportunities for surgical resection have decreased inside our facility. Since the key regulators in BR signaling, BES1 family genes regulate lots and lots of target genes taking part in various development procedures. Up to now, the functions of BES1 family members are badly grasped in tomato, and a thorough genomic and expressional evaluation will probably be worth to conduct for this family members.
Practices happen developed to assay if, and just how, viruses overcome these responses, and many is right placed on coronaviruses. Right here, in vitro solutions to figure out how coronaviruses overcome this response tend to be described.We are suffering from a screening system utilising the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to recognize eukaryotic genetics mixed up in replication of mammalian viruses. Yeast have different benefits, but in the framework of coronavirus analysis and also the system outlined right here, they’re easy and simple to work well with and can be utilized at biosafety amount 2. The system requires inducible phrase of individual viral proteins and identification of detrimental phenotypes when you look at the fungus. Yeast knockout and overexpression libraries may then be applied for genome-wide testing of host proteins that offer a suppressor phenotype. From the yeast hits, a narrowed set of applicant genes selleck products may be produced to research for roles in viral replication. Since the system just calls for expression of viral proteins, it can be used for almost any existing or growing virus, no matter biocontainment demands and capability to culture the herpes virus. In this part, we are going to describe the protocols which you can use to take advantage of S. cerevisiae as an instrument to advance comprehension of exactly how viruses connect to eukaryotic cells.Biotin-based proximity labeling circumvents major issues of traditional biochemical ways to identify protein-protein communications. It is composed of enzyme-catalyzed biotin tags ubiquitously apposed on proteins based in close proximity regarding the labeling enzyme, followed by affinity purification and recognition of biotinylated proteins by size spectrometry. Right here we lay out the techniques in which the molecular microenvironment associated with the coronavirus replicase/transcriptase complex (RTC), i.e., proteins located within a detailed border for the RTC, can be decided by different proximity labeling gets near using BirAR118G (BioID), TurboID, and APEX2. These facets represent a molecular signature of coronavirus RTCs and likely play a role in the viral life period, thereby constituting attractive goals when it comes to androgen biosynthesis growth of antiviral input strategies.The Escherichia coli and vaccinia virus-based reverse genetics methods were widely applied for the manipulation and manufacturing of coronavirus genomes. These systems, however, provide several limitations consequently they are sometimes tough to establish in a timely manner for (re-)emerging viruses. In this chapter, we provide an innovative new universal reverse genetics platform when it comes to assembly and engineering of infectious full-length cDNAs utilizing yeast-based transformation-associated recombination cloning. This book installation strategy not just leads to stable coronavirus infectious full-length cDNAs cloned within the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae additionally encourages and accelerates the manipulation of their genomes. Such a platform is widely appropriate when it comes to scientific community, since it calls for no certain equipment and will be performed in a standard laboratory environment. The protocol described can be easily adapted to almost all known or appearing coronaviruses, such as for instance Middle East respiratory problem coronavirus (MERS-CoV).We have developed a reverse genetics system for the avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) for which a full-length cDNA equivalent to the IBV genome is placed into the vaccinia virus genome under the control over a T7 promoter sequence. Vaccinia virus as a vector when it comes to full-length IBV cDNA gets the advantage that improvements are introduced to the IBV cDNA using homologous recombination, a technique frequently employed to insert and erase sequences through the vaccinia virus genome. Right here, we describe the utilization of transient prominent selection as a technique for launching improvements to the IBV cDNA that has been effectively utilized for the replacement of particular nucleotides, deletion of genomic areas, together with exchange of total genes. Infectious recombinant IBVs are generated in situ following the transfection of vaccinia virus DNA, containing the modified IBV cDNA, into cells contaminated with a recombinant fowlpox virus articulating T7 DNA-dependent RNA polymerase.Several techniques are open to rapidly and accurately quantify the amount of virus particles in an example, using advanced technologies increasing old practices or generating brand new ones, usually counting on limited recognition techniques or structural analysis. Consequently, characterization of virus infectivity in a sample is normally important, and traditional virological methods are incredibly powerful in providing accurate results even in an old-fashioned way. In this chapter, we describe in more detail L02 hepatocytes the techniques routinely utilized to approximate the number of viable infectious coronavirus particles in a given sample. Every one of these strategies are serial dilution assays, also known as titrations or end-point dilution assays (EPDA).Well-differentiated primary airway epithelial cell (AEC) cultures have been trusted when it comes to characterization of a few man breathing viruses including coronaviruses. In modern times, there has been a rise in interest toward animal AEC cultures and their particular application to characterize veterinary viruses with zoonotic possible, as well as learning host-pathogen communications in pet reservoir number species.
Consequently, this report aimed to supply a comprehensive review of the incident, analysis and ecotoxicology of MPs. The variety and distribution of MPs in several typical freshwater systems of Asia were summarized. It suggested that the outer lining water of Poyang Lake included the best focus of 34 items/L MPs among all of the 8 freshwater systems, additionally the content of MPs in sediments were greater than compared to the top liquid. Net-based zooplankton sampling practices would be the most frequently utilized sampling means of MPs, and density separation, elutriation and food digestion tend to be three significant pretreatment practices. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and pyrolysis-gas chromatography paired to size spectrometry are often used to determine the polymer kinds of MPs. Besides, MPs might damage the digestive tract of various organisms and adversely inhibit their growth, feeding and reproduction. The methods of peoples exposure to MPs are by intake, breathing and dermal exposure, digestive and respiratory system could be adversely affected. However, potential health threats of MPs to humans are remained insufficiently investigated. Overall, by showing the clear presence of MPs in freshwaters and grounds also possible ecotoxicological results in the environment and humans, this paper offered a framework for future analysis in this field.The presence of mycotoxins in meals has generated issue. Mycotoxin prevalence inside our environment changed within the last several years possibly because of climatic as well as other ecological changes. Proof has emerged from in vitro plus in vivo models some mycotoxins are found to be possibly carcinogenic, embryogenically harmful, teratogenic, also to produce nephrotoxicity. The danger evaluation of exposures to mycotoxins at very early life phases became mandatory. In this respect, the effects of toxic compounds on zebrafish have now been extensively studied, and more recently, mycotoxins have been tested with regards to their particular results on developmental and teratogenic results in this design system, which offers several benefits as it’s an inexpensive and an accessible vertebrate model to review developmental toxicity. External post-fertilization and fast maturation make it sensitive and painful to environmental effects and facilitate the detection of endpoints such as for instance morphological deformities, time of hatching, and behavioral responses. Therefore, there is certainly a potential for larval zebrafish to give you new ideas in to the toxicological outcomes of mycotoxins. We offer an overview of current mycotoxin toxicological research in zebrafish embryos and larvae, showcasing its usefulness to toxicology and discuss the strengths and limits of the model system.Chinese milk vetch is an effective strategy to lessen Cd accumulation in rice, nevertheless, its reduction procedure is certainly not well grasped. In this research, we investigated the rice-grain Cd, soil properties and microbial neighborhood in a Cd-polluted paddy field amended with milk vetch residue (MV) or without (CK) during rice development duration. We unearthed that milk vetch residue averagely reduced the Cd content in rice grain by 45%. Loss of Cd in rice mainly related to the inhibition of Cd activation by milk vetch residue at heading stage probably by the development of HA-Cd (Humic Acid) and CdS. Increased pH and organic matter (OM) promoted the reduction of readily available Cd. In inclusion, nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis revealed that microbial neighborhood construction ended up being dramatically different between MV and CK therapy (roentgen = 0.187, p = 0.002), in addition to core functions of differentially plentiful genera were primarily associated with N-cycling, organic matter degradation and sulfate-reducing. The application of milk vetch residue enhanced the variety of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) by 8-112% during the rice development period, which might include in promoting Student remediation the transformation of Cd to an even more stably residual Cd (CdS). Canonical correspondence evaluation (CCA) and mantel test analysis suggested that offered K (p = 0.004) and offered N (p = 0.005) had been one of the keys environmental elements of shaping the SRB. Altogether, changes in soil properties impacted microbial structure and practical traits, especially the reaction of SRB in MV therapy would provide important ideas into decreasing the bioavailability of Cd in soil.The effect of bioaerosols in municipal solid waste administration is today defined as an evergrowing health issue globally. In this research, exposure to endotoxin in composting services and its own organization with lung purpose and medical symptoms ended up being examined in Tehran municipal solid waste administration complex (Aradkooh) as one of the largest solid waste administration facilities in the centre East. Airborne endotoxins were gathered between Summer and July 2019 and the concentrations had been determined by Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) technique. Healthier workers with no history of respiratory infection were recruited and data on clinical signs (cough, phlegm, wheezing, dyspnea, weakness, annoyance, eye discomfort, runny nostrils, runny eyes, and throat pain) had been acquired by the changed American Thoracic Society questionnaire, and spirometric measurement ended up being carried out by a specialist.
Recently, an innovative new term, “metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease” happens to be recommended by a worldwide panel of experts, which implies profound conceptual changes in terms of its metabolism-related etiology and illness heterogeneity. In this essay we discuss the specific conceptual modifications that physicians, researchers and clients must absorb.The classification of gastric cardiac carcinoma (GCC) is controversial. It’s currently grouped with esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) as an adenocarcinoma for the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ). Recently, diagnostic criteria for adenocarcinoma when you look at the GEJ had been established and GCC was separated from EAC. We viewed posted evidence to explain the GCC entity for much better patient administration. GCC occurs within the cardiac mucosa located from 3 cm below and 2 cm over the GEJ line. Compared with EAC, GCC is more like gastric cancer tumors and impacts an increased proportion of female clients, more youthful patients, people that have a reduced tendency for reflux disease, a wider histopathologic spectrum, and much more complex genomic pages. Although GCC pathogenesis components stay unknown, the two-etiology proposition is appealing in high-risk areas KI696 price , the Correa path with Helicobacter pylori illness, persistent irritation, low acid and abdominal metaplasia, dysplasia and carcinoma may apply, while in low-risk regions the sequence from reflux toxin-induced mucosal injury and large acid, to intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia and carcinoma may possibly occur. At the beginning of GCC a small risk of nodal metastasis argues for a task of endoscopic therapy, whereas in advanced GCC, gastric cancer staging principles and treatment strategy appear to be more appropriate than the esophageal cancer staging system and treatment for much better prognosis stratification and treatment. In this brief analysis we share recent insights to the epidemiology, histopathology and genetics of GCC and hope that this can stimulate additional investigations in order to improve the clinical management of patients with GCC. To evaluate the medical outcomes of the remnant-preserving and I.D.E.A.L. femoral tunnel strategy when you look at the arthroscopic remedy for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. This is a retrospective single-center, single-surgeon study reviewing information from November 2016 to March 2019. Centered on our inclusion/exclusion requirements, a complete of 31 patients (18 males, 13 females; mean age, 23.6 years) who underwent arthroscopic ACL reconstruction with the remnant preservation and I.D.E.A.L. femoral tunnel method were recruited and had at least followup of 12 months. Medical data and status of leg security were recorded. The Global Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, Lysholm score, and Tegner activity scale had been collected both preoperatively and also at a minimum of 1-year follow-up. Statistically significant differences were detected amongst the preoperative and postoperative values for Lachman test and pivot-shift test (P < 0.01). The mean postoperative Lysholm rating was 89.6 ± 9.4, whereas the mean preoperative Lysholm score had been 47.3 ± 12.8 (P < 0.01). The mean Tegner activity rating had been substantially higher at postoperative analysis than at preoperative assessment (6.5 ± 2.1 versus 2.6 ± 1.8; P < 0.01). The mean IKDC score ended up being substantially enhanced from 49.5 ± 10.6 preoperatively to 88.2 ± 10.7 postoperatively (P < 0.01). No case of infection ended up being reported. No radiograph showed any joint space narrowing or degenerative modification in the last postsurgical followup. The anatomical remnant-preserving and I.D.E.A.L. femoral tunnel method deformed graph Laplacian achieves an effective medical outcome and provides an effective choice for the treatment of ACL injuries.The anatomical remnant-preserving and I.D.E.A.L. femoral tunnel strategy achieves a satisfactory clinical result and offers a highly effective choice for the treating ACL injuries.Retinal cells within neurovascular devices produce the blood-retinal buffer (BRB) to modify the local retinal microenvironment also to restrict access to inflammatory cells. Breakdown of the endothelial junctional complexes when you look at the BRB negatively impacts neuronal signaling and fundamentally triggers sight reduction. As new therapeutics are now being developed either to avoid buffer disturbance or to restore buffer purpose, usage of physiologically appropriate human in vitro muscle designs that recapitulate important features of barrier biology is really important for infection modeling, target validation, and toxicity evaluation. Here, a tunable organ-on-a-chip type of the retinal microvasculature using man retinal microvascular endothelial cells with built-in circulation is explained. Computerized imaging and picture analysis techniques are used for facile assessment of leakage mediators and cytokine inhibitors on buffer properties. The evolved retinal microvasculature-on-a-chip will enable improved understanding of BRB biology and supply one more tool for medicine development. To describe the clinicopathological traits of dogs that develop severe renal injury (AKI) secondary to pit viper envenomation, and to explain the connection between improvement AKI and clinical program and outcome. Retrospective research. University training hospital. None. Sixty-three puppies met the inclusion criteria. One was omitted due persistent kidney illness, and 6 were omitted because of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medicine Bipolar disorder genetics management. For the 56 puppies contained in the research, 16 developed AKI (29%). Dogs with AKI received a significantly greater dose of antivenom, 8.7 ± 6.8 total vials versus dogs in the non-AKI team that received 4.2 ± 2.6 vials (P=0.006). Puppies when you look at the AKI group were significantly more tachycardic (P=0.028), hypotensive (P=0.002), had a higher surprise list (P=0.012), and had been mted with extent of surprise at presentation and enhanced amounts of antivenom management.
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Editorials: 2021 Vol: 25 Issue: 1
Sarah Ouhibhi, Temple University
Grosso mode, knowledge networks are explained from a neural network in which they establish degrees of learning from the differences between the input layer, the intermediate or hidden layer and the output layer. A non-experimental, cross-sectional and exploratory study was carried out with a non-probabilistic selection of 300 students, administrators and teachers from a public university in central Mexico. The results warn of a factorial asymmetry of an input layer unit by three units of output layers which suggest that there is a significant degree of learning around the knowledge network. However, areas of opportunity around the hidden layer are noticed since, their units reveal information processing that reduces the uncertainty of the input layer and amplifies the knowledge of the output layer.
The analysis of globalization, neoliberalism and development can be carried out from a complexity approach, but the latter implies; entropy and neguentropia around the surrounding information of economic-financial flows, forms of state and government regimes, or lifestyles. From the general theory of systems, decision-making includes levels of organization ranging from inert structures, simple dynamics, cyber automatons, complex organizations, genetic organisms, theological discourses, symbolic languages, social interactions and emerging prospects.
Therefore, the complexity of economic, political and social systems is assumed as observable structures in their historicity, self-organization and capitals. From the thought of the complexity of the systems, the economic-financial globalization implies the study of phenomena based on the analysis of discontinuities and regularities through delimited or deployed interfaces of sets or categories in relation to agents or actors, their symbols and meanings. Therefore, globalization, neoliberalism and development are perceived instances that allude to antagonistic processes from which it is possible to observe discrepancies and interstices of information in the discourses of actors. However, the approach to complex systems involves the analysis of self - regulated, emerging, adaptive and dynamic systems Globalization produces information that determines the structure, objectives and changes in organizations. It is his talents who respond with the optimization of resources according to the demands. The imbalance between market or state requirements, organizations generates knowledge and processes limited to speeches.
Precisely, around the symbols and meanings that organizational cultures build, languages and codes shape complex systems, since in organizations without debate and consensus, scientific and technological advances are often overlooked Such dynamism evidences other types of systems in which the information is duly processed according to external demands and internal resources to the organization, however when those who make decisions in the organizations ignore the contributions of the other departments, then the organization system is simplified. The theory of complex systems raises organizational development as a result of a dialectical process in which the interrelation between self-regulated, adaptive and dynamic systems configures complex organizations.
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- Idea generation, brainstorming processes and team consensus building
- Product visualization, modeling and prototyping techniques
- Consensus building outside the engineering team
- Business processes for product development
- Cost Analysis
- Customer analysis and marketing
- Technical project management
- Resource management of human, material, money and time
- Effective communication
- Dealing with failure. Failure analysis, constructively moving forward
- Building on success for continued product and group progress
Information per course offering
Course offerings are missing for current or upcoming semesters.
Course syllabus as PDF
Please note: all information from the Course syllabus is available on this page in an accessible format.
Course syllabus II2300 (Spring 2019–)Content and learning outcomes
Intended learning outcomes
Product Realization Processes is a two part course. The first part covers processes, skills and technologies leading to the realization of ICT products intended for the commercial marketplace. Students will become familiar with idea generation, product design, prototyping methods and the steps necessary to show that a potential product can be commercially viable. In addition to the technical aspects of product realization, project processes and methods are also covered. Students will acquire skills for working with and managing groups of technical contributors, and processes for the effective application of technology development in a business environment. These include understanding and working with business components such as marketing, and management.
- To know how to describe and perform all required steps to visualize, model and develop an ICT product.
- To know how to lead innovation and idea generation sessions. To be able to describe and use methods to derive maximum output from such sessions.
- To know how to quantitatively analyze business forces on ICT product realization. This includes using cost analysis, customer analysis and resource constraints that involve human resources, material and time.
Literature and preparations
It is recommended that students enrolling in this course have taken an undergraduate course of studies in engineering or computer science.
The required textbook for this course is:
"Product Design and Development" by Karl T. Ulrich and Steven D. Eppinger, 4th edition, McGraw-Hill, 2007
Examination and completion
If the course is discontinued, students may request to be examined during the following two academic years.
- INL1 - Problem Assignments, 4.5 credits, grading scale: A, B, C, D, E, FX, F
- TEN1 - Examination, 3.0 credits, grading scale: A, B, C, D, E, FX, F
Based on recommendation from KTH’s coordinator for disabilities, the examiner will decide how to adapt an examination for students with documented disability.
The examiner may apply another examination format when re-examining individual students.
Passed written exam TEN1: 3 hp, Grade A-FProblem assignments INL1: 4,5 hp, Grade A-FThe grade for the course is calculated as a weighted average where the grade E-A are given a value of 1-5. Roundhalfs up.
Opportunity to complete the requirements via supplementary examination
Opportunity to raise an approved grade via renewed examination
- All members of a group are responsible for the group's work.
- In any assessment, every student shall honestly disclose any help received and sources used.
- In an oral assessment, every student shall be able to present and answer questions about the entire assignment and solution.
Course room in Canvas
Main field of study
In this course, the EECS code of honor applies, see: http://www.kth.se/en/eecs/utbildning/hederskodex.
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Page 272 - If a straight line be divided into two equal parts, and also into two unequal parts ; the rectangle contained by the unequal parts, together with the square on the line between the points of section, is equal to the square on half the line.
Page 342 - If two triangles have two angles of the one equal to two angles of the other, each to each ; and one side equal to one side, viz.
Page 252 - I HELD it truth, with him who sings To one clear harp in divers tones, That men may rise on stepping-stones Of their dead selves to higher things.
Page 280 - If one side of a triangle be produced, the exterior angle is greater than either of the interior, and opposite angles.
Page 272 - The angles in the same segment of a circle are equal to one another.
Page 273 - ARITHMETIC. (Three hours allowed for this paper.) Candidates are not permitted to answer more than one question in each section.
Page 360 - At a given point in a given straight line, to make a rectilineal angle equal to a given rectilineal angle. Let AB be the given straight line, and A the given point in, it, and DCE the given rectilineal angle ; it is required to make...
Page 14 - ... particulars. I dreamed that I was conveyed into a wide and boundless plain, that was covered with prodigious multitudes of people, which no man could number. In the midst of it there stood a mountain, with its head above the clouds. The sides were extremely steep, and of such a particular structure, that no creature which was not made in a human figure could possibly ascend it.
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Every year I teach biology, I pass out a student activity sheet with a diagram of an egg and a sperm on it. I say, “Good morning, class. Today we begin a new unit!” One of my 9th graders will glance at the paper, groan, and say, “We already learned this in middle school.”
I’ve heard it a million times. Indeed, reproduction is a perennial topic in life science curricula. In the Next Generation Science Standards, some of the earliest disciplinary core ideas for K–3 are about organisms reproducing, resembling their parents, and forming groups to survive. These fundamental ideas come back year after year as older students delve deeper into heredity, evolution, and anatomy. But too often, we teach and perpetuate a scientific concept of reproduction detached from students’ social identities and their diverse families.
Without a more inclusive lens, students disengage and feel left out of science. I felt this myself as a young transgender boy in a high school biology class. We were taught that “The father contributes the sperm to make the child,” and “To have fitness, an individual must successfully pass on their genes.” I rolled my eyes and slouched back in my seat. I knew I would do neither of these things in my lifetime, but I still considered myself to be a valuable part of humanity, a man, and maybe someday a father. And I knew I wasn’t alone — many of my peers did not fit into these oversimplified statements for one reason or another: students with two moms or two dads, those born from surrogacy, adoptees, students in foster care, students with transgender and nonbinary parents, and those with no intention to have children.
Life science education must shift to include more diverse representations of human behavior and human families. This is necessary to achieve a more accurate view of the living world, to honor student identities, and to prepare young people to live in a world where conversations about gender constantly grow and change. Here, I share some strategies that I use to make this shift.
Multiple Concepts of Family
Early in the year, I reserve time with my students to recognize the many meanings of “family.” I share a personal story as an example. My mom gave birth to me; we share some of the same genetic material and the same traits. I could call my mom a part of my “genetic family.” Then there’s my dad, who entered my life when I was 3 years old. We are not genetically related, and kids used to say, “That’s not your real dad.” But to me, he has always been my dad. And I say he is a part of my “social family.” Later when he legally adopted me, he became a part of my legal family and he gained certain rights and responsibilities.
I tell my students that I am just one example of how somebody’s genetic, social, and legal concepts of family may differ. Once I have laid out some of the language necessary to discuss these variations, I tell students my expectation that they communicate precisely about families, both in and outside of science class. I expect that students say “girls” when they are talking about everybody who identifies as a girl, and they say “people
with ovaries” when the discussion is only pertinent to having ovaries.
Some students are eager to share about their family structures when it comes up at some point in the year. Lucas presented a research project about androgenetic alopecia where he shared his thoughts about his own risk of early hair loss. He said to his class, “I have two moms, and I’m only genetically related to my birth mom. Her side of the family never seems to lose their hair. Then last year I got to meet my sperm donor, and he still has all of his hair. So I think I’m at a low risk for hair loss. You might be at risk if lots of your genetic relatives lost their hair early.”
Precise language empowers students to share as much or as little as they choose about their lives, while still being included by default in generalized conversations about reproduction.
Sexual, Reproductive, and Parenting Behaviors
One year when I was teaching a lesson on natural selection, Kiera raised her hand and asked with a giggle, “What about gay people?”
I said, “Great question.” But when I started to address the topic, Kiera said, “OK, I was just kidding.”
I said, “Just kidding? There are researchers spending their lives trying to better understand your question!”
She was new to my class for the second semester and she hadn’t expected a teacher to entertain a question about gay people. In conversation, I found that Kiera, like many young people, was educated to think of sex, reproduction, and parenting as fused behaviors. That is, your parents are the two people who raise you, and they also contributed the genetic material to make you, and they achieved this through sexual intercourse. If you think of it like that, then the only type of sexual behavior with any scientific significance is the kind of sex that leads to fertilization. And if you think of it like that, the people who contributed the genetic material should be the only ones to raise and care for the child. And anyone unable or unwilling to reproduce in this way is not worth talking about in science.
But reality is more complex. To begin, I remind students that natural selection is a process that acts on a population, not an individual. If a behavior helps the population to pass on genes, that behavior can be expected to persist in the population, even if it does not bring reproduction for each and every individual. Distinct from reproductive behaviors, humans and animals also engage in sexual behaviors that do not result in fertilization, including same-sex sexual behavior. These behaviors have an energy cost but they have persisted for many generations, so they must have a beneficial or at least neutral effect on the overall fitness of a population. The Soliloquy video “Why Does Homosexuality Evolve?” outlines several hypotheses, such as the Inclusive Fitness hypothesis, which states that a gene for same-sex attraction will persist in a population because even though homosexual individuals are less likely to reproduce themselves, they provide significant care to the children in their extended families, with whom they share some genes (see Resources). The video also distinguishes sex and reproduction from a third type of behavior, parenting or caregiving behaviors. These acts, which increase the survival rate of an existing offspring, can be performed by the genetic parents, (gay) extended family, or other members of society.
Students can practice distinguishing diverse behaviors using River Suh’s Queer Species Database, based on Joan Roughgarden’s book Evolution’s Rainbow (see Resources). This database includes phenomena like all-female lizard reproduction and fish who change sex during their lifetime. In some years I challenge students to classify each phenomenon in the database as reproductive behavior, sexual behavior, parenting behavior, or some combination. Students can also construct explanations for how non-reproductive behaviors may still confer increased fitness. For example, I have asked my class to explain why male-male swan couples who adopt an egg have greater parenting success than male-female couples. After reading a short article that gives no hypothesis for this difference in parenting success, one student proposed, “Maybe the males could use their larger bodies to defend the egg from threats.” Another suggested, “The male-male couple can’t become pregnant again in the future, so they can devote more energy to raise the one baby.” After hearing and honoring a wide range of hypotheses, I revealed the conclusion of researchers who observed the swans: Male-male couples succeeded as parents due to better access to nesting sites and a more equitable workload.
The study of animal behavior confirms and amplifies a key message for the humans in my classroom: Your sexuality is valid, you can be a parent without having a genetic relation to your child, and you don’t have to reproduce for your life to have value. I repeat this message several times to rebut the dangerous idea that our worth as humans is tied to our evolutionary fitness.
Models of Heredity
As I started my Genetic Inheritance unit, Freddy was one of my students who cried “I already learned this in middle school!” So I asked him to use a Punnett square to predict the offspring of a mating between two humans using a pattern of simple dominance. A Punnett square is a graphic organizer used to list out possible combinations of genes that an offspring could inherit. Freddy wrote out the parental genotypes flawlessly and transferred the symbols to fill in the boxes for the possible offspring. I overheard him explaining the process to his table partner: “See these letters outside of the boxes? That’s the mom and that’s the dad.”
“Really?” I said. “That’s the mom? It looks like a bunch of letter G’s to me.”
Freddy said, “Well, it’s not the mom, but the G stands for her genes, which is the thing that matters in this question.” That got me thinking about how we would phrase it in our notes the next week. I knew that not everybody has two people they call mom and dad, who are the same people who transferred genes to them. And if we were going to draw a generalized model of heredity, it had to be broad enough to include everybody — every human and every other living thing.
I settled on the lengthy but intentional labels “Alleles of genetic parent 1” and “Alleles of genetic parent 2.” As we took notes, I told my students, “You might have learned to call them just ‘mom’ and ‘dad,’ but is that inclusive? Does everybody receive their alleles, meaning their copies of genes, from their mom and dad? Our social concept of parents might be different from our genetic relations. And sometimes we need to do a Punnett square for, say, mosquitos! They don’t have a social concept of a parent at all — the offspring just hatch from their eggs and fend for themselves. So we’re writing down general language that makes sense for any case of sexual reproduction.”
For some learners, the graphic of the Punnett square implies two parents uniting. I reminded the class that sometimes those two people don’t physically come together, it’s only the alleles inside their sex cells that unite. Humans do this when they use assistive reproductive technology; some animals and all plants use external fertilization. So I added an alternate set of labels to our notes: “Alleles in egg cell” and “Alleles in sperm cell.” Students learning this concept for the first time received inclusive and accurate language to describe inheritance. And students like Freddy, with prior exposure to the model, seemed to readily understand these refinements. I was pleased to hear them start communicating with more precise terms like “allele” and “genotype” rather than “mom” and “mom’s letters.”
A few weeks later, when we got to pedigree charts, precise and inclusive language again proved essential. Since most pedigrees are drawn after macroscopic observations and not DNA testing, we labeled the square as “male phenotypic sex” and the circle as “female phenotypic sex.” We designated the shaded-in shapes to mean an “affected trait” rather than “diseased” or “mutant” traits, so our key could apply broadly to everything from red hair to retinoblastoma.
To describe the relationships between individuals on the pedigree, we had to consider what was not represented. From a non-scientific perspective, a pedigree chart looks like a family tree, and a horizontal line between two people implies a marriage. But in a genetic pedigree, the horizontal line does not mean they were married, had sexual intercourse, or even met — the line only guarantees that a union of gametes took place. And a vertical line may look like a couple “having kids,” but in a pedigree the line does not denote a family unit in a social or legal sense — the line only represents a transfer of genetic material between genetic parents and their offspring.
After the class became familiar with the pedigree chart, I said, “Remember that a pedigree is only a model of the real world. What are its limitations? What are some family situations that a pedigree cannot represent?”
Students needed no coaxing to respond; they drew from experience.
“Sperm donors and egg donors. And surrogate mothers — they aren’t genetically related to the baby, but they still carried it.”
“My adopted sister. There’s no way to show the tightness of our bond on this model.”
“My mom had a miscarriage. We don’t know what traits the baby had, but we would still want our model to include him.”
I allowed students to suggest additional symbols to represent a broader range of family stories. Many enjoyed creating new visual language, and in the process, they thought of blended families, half-siblings, divorced parents, foster families, intersex people, and even more situations that might need representation. We built the consensus that a pedigree is not a family tree, and although it represents the transfer of a particular genetic trait, it never fully represents anybody’s family story — not their genetic, social, nor legal family.
That was our last day in class with pedigrees, but I went home and did more research. The earliest pedigree charts were used to track the “purity” of nobility bloodlines in England. Pedigrees were later adopted to breed animals and plants, enabling the agricultural revolution. The practice also outed early transgender people and, more notoriously, bolstered eugenics beliefs in Nazi Germany. Nazis used pedigree graphics to classify a person as Jewish, Mixed, or German ancestry under the Nuremberg Laws, as well as to forbid certain mixed marriages. Today, health care professionals use pedigrees to take a family history and to give their patients the best possible advice.
Next year, I hope to give my students more opportunity to understand the complex history of pedigrees. I want them to know that the pedigree is just one way to model genetic relationships, and it is not a socially benign or neutral tool. I plan to ask my students, “How can we reconcile the utility of this model with its role in historical injustices?”
Moving Forward with Inclusive Science
I’ve enjoyed success in teaching inclusive genetics and reproduction in my own classroom, and I share my strategies with other educators through workshops and on my website. But this work has also drawn criticism. Although detractors frame my language as overly “politically correct,” I frame it as an acknowledgement and honoring of all students and their stories. Critical voices have tried to incite outrage by saying that when I tell a class “People with ovaries produce egg cells,” this somehow means I am erasing the word “women.” But we do use the word “women” in our science class — when talking about people who are women. We don’t say “Women produce egg cells” as a defining rule, just like we don’t say “Tall people have brown hair” — it’s simply not true all the time.
Any educator who makes inclusive shifts in their science curriculum must anticipate and respond to pushback. On the Gender-Inclusive Biology website, we have compiled responses to common criticisms (see Resources). If somebody is concerned that teaching about gender is not in the curriculum, we point to the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS), which specify that science teachers must use effective strategies to include students of different gender backgrounds. If somebody claims that these topics are not appropriate for younger grade levels, we highlight the fact that children recognize, explore, and learn about gender at every age — whether we teach it explicitly or not. We encourage teachers of the younger grade levels to work alongside their school’s health educators to align the language and concepts taught in health and science.
In my classroom, I see students grow into better humans every year. By May, I hope that they understand why diversity is an important part of science and society. Although not every student uses inclusive language all of the time, they have an awareness. They know that when somebody corrects their language or asks for clarification that it’s about inclusion, not just about “offending people” or “getting in trouble.” I don’t try to shield my students from certain words forever — I know that Lucas, who has two moms, will see antiquated language on standardized exams and in college. But now he is better equipped to challenge that language, and he knows that there is a place for him in the sciences.
Not every student can receive the same level of inclusive education that I provide in my classroom, at least not while public education is in the political crosshairs, and curriculum bills threaten to intimidate and undermine educators. I have spoken to teachers whose goals are to swap out just a few words in their genetics unit — a change from “men” to “testes” is all they feel safe doing in their school. But that small change makes a big difference for students who are listening. And I notice small changes outside of schools; more and more conversations about abortion frame it as a “reproductive right” instead of strictly a “woman’s right.” I am excited for a future where life science education is relevant and empowering for all students. The living world has always been rife with diverse behaviors, bodies, and families — it is our duty to teach it. l
Gender-Inclusive Classrooms Booklist
A teacher-curated booklist including many titles that feature diverse families. bit.ly/3Iqug3w
Gender Showcase K–5
A collection of short scenes about animals with diverse bodies, behaviors, and families.
And Tango Makes Three by Justin Richardson and Peter Parnell
(Simon and Schuster, 2005)
An illustrated, fictionalized account of the true story of two male penguins who became partners and raised a penguin chick in the Central Park Zoo.
Tell Me About Sex, Grandma by Anastasia Higginbotham
(The Feminist Press at CUNY, 2017)
An illustrated book for ages 6–12 that teaches that sex is distinct from marriage or reproduction, and sex looks different for everyone.
What Makes a Baby by Cory Silverberg
(Seven Stories Press, 2013)
A book for pre-school to 8 years old about where babies come from, which includes all kinds of kids, adults, and families.
Zak’s Safari by Christy Tyner
(CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2014)
An illustrated book about donor-conceived kids of two-mom families, for ages 4–8 and available to read online in English, Spanish, and French.
The Allusionist podcast episode “Parents” by Helen Zaltzman
A 45-minute discussion with trans parents about the language of pregnancy, birth, and parenting. bit.ly/3jWseia
Animal Lives by Humon Comics
An illustrated collection of 33 ways that animals have sex, reproduce, parent, and form families.
Diagram of Human Reproductive Process
A diagram that I adapted early in my teaching career to show the chromosomes and cells involved in meiosis and fertilization for humans. bit.ly/3RYwZ7k
“Evolution’s Rainbow: A Queer Species
Database of 200+ Organisms” by River Suh, based on Joan Roughgarden’s Evolution’s Rainbow: Diversity, Gender, and Sexuality in Nature and People (University of California Press, 2013).
Gender-Inclusive Pedigree Charts
Guidance on how to teach about pedigree charts with inclusive language, appropriate framing, and historical context. bit.ly/3Yy17ZJ
Inclusive Genetics Activities by Elizabeth Duthinh
Five activity sets using inclusive language and premises, developed by a high school teacher and physician. bit.ly/3KcBV6O
Pigeonetics Game by the University of Utah Genetic Science Learning Center
Students learn patterns of genetic inheritance in a game that accurately portrays sex and reproduction in animal species without conflating sex with gender or imposing human gender stereotypes. bit.ly/3xlNUHN
Secrets of the X Chromosome by Robin Ball
A TedEd video lesson using nuanced language and visuals to discuss the human X chromosome.
Soliloquy. Why Does Homosexuality Evolve? Youtube video. youtube.com/watch?v=UsX2vfFNPak
“What Makes a Baby”: 8th-grade edition
Lewis Steller’s adaptation of Cory Silverberg’s book for 8th-grade students. In this forthcoming Rethinking Schools article, Steller shares a process of inviting student-created language to discuss genetics and reproduction.
Drops Visual Dictionary
A web and mobile tool to facilitate talking about gender, sex, reproduction, and families with students who are learning English. bit.ly/3xoesIc
Gayby Baby School Action Toolkit
A documentary film about same-sex parented families with a separate school resource kit for primary and secondary students. The poster “There’s More than One Way to Make a Family” can be useful for all classrooms. bit.ly/3Z94JSb
Gender-Inclusive Biology Language Guide
A comprehensive and living guide to talking about gender, sex, and sexuality in K–12 science contexts. bit.ly/3lwlVSR
Queerspawn Resource Project
A collection of resources that reflect the complex, authentic, and intersectional experiences of people with one or more LGBTQ+ parents/guardians.
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In a world increasingly concerned about sustainability, new solutions are constantly being developed. One of the most promising is hemp 3D printing. Hemp is a renewable, biodegradable, and versatile material that can be used to make a wide range of products, from clothing to construction materials. When combined with 3D printing technology, it has the potential to revolutionize the manufacturing industry and reduce waste and emissions.
===The Power of Hemp: A Sustainable Material
Hemp is a plant that has been cultivated for thousands of years for its fibers, seeds, and oil. It is a sustainable material that can be grown without the use of pesticides or fertilizers, and it requires less water than other crops. Hemp fibers are also strong, durable, and lightweight, making them ideal for a wide range of applications. In addition, hemp is biodegradable, which means that it can be broken down by natural processes and does not contribute to pollution.
===3D Printing: A Game Changer for Sustainability
3D printing is a manufacturing process that allows objects to be created by adding layers of material, one at a time. This technology has the potential to revolutionize the manufacturing industry by reducing waste, energy consumption, and emissions. 3D printing allows products to be made in a more precise and efficient way, using only the exact amount of material needed. This technology also enables the creation of complex geometries that would be impossible with traditional manufacturing techniques.
===How Hemp 3D Printing Can Reduce Waste and Emissions
When hemp is combined with 3D printing technology, it has the potential to reduce waste and emissions even further. Hemp can be used as a feedstock for 3D printers, which means that it can be turned into filaments that can be used to create a wide range of products. This process is more sustainable than traditional manufacturing methods, as it requires less energy and produces less waste. Hemp 3D printing also allows for the creation of lightweight and durable products that can last for a long time, reducing the need for replacements.
===Innovative Applications of Hemp 3D Printing
Hemp 3D printing has the potential to be used in a wide range of industries, from fashion to construction. In the fashion industry, hemp 3D printing can be used to create sustainable and biodegradable clothing and accessories. In the construction industry, hemp 3D printing can be used to create lightweight and durable building materials. Hemp 3D printing can also be used to create medical implants and prosthetics, as well as automotive parts and aerospace components.
A Sustainable Future with Hemp 3D Printing
Hemp 3D printing is an exciting new technology that has the potential to revolutionize the manufacturing industry and reduce waste and emissions. By combining the sustainable properties of hemp with the efficiency of 3D printing, we can create a more sustainable future. Hemp 3D printing can be used in a wide range of industries to create innovative and sustainable products. As we continue to develop new solutions for sustainability, hemp 3D printing will undoubtedly play an important role in creating a more sustainable and eco-friendly world.
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We were in the main square of the village of Aín, ready to have our evening meal when Pep Pérez came along with a salad and sat in front of us: –Have you grown all that in your plot?— I asked. —Try some tomato.
Pep tended a small vegetable plot with an acquaintance, and was very proud of his tomatoes. And so he should be! There is complete consensus when it comes to the quality of the flavour of fruit, which has declined significantly in recent decades, and this deterioration has been particularly pronounced with tomatoes, eaten fresh or processed.
—So, what do you think?
—Very nice! They actually taste of tomato…
Taste is the result of our gustatory and olfactory senses detecting a large number of chemical compounds. The sense of taste can discern five sensations: sweet, sour, salty, bitter and umami. It is thought that for a tomato to taste good there must be a balance between sweetness (glucose, fructose) and acidity (citric and malic acids), with umami (glutamate) contributing. Nonetheless, the complexity of flavour is provided by the olfactory system. In the case of tomatoes, more than four hundred volatile compounds have been identified, although only twenty of them are considered to be found in sufficient concentrations to influence taste.
«Picking unripe tomatoes may be good for producers, but poses a problem for consumers»
Numerous circumstances have led to the decline in the taste of the tomato. The origin lies in crop production intensification. Tomato-growers, who are paid by weight, demanded highyielding, disease-tolerant varieties, which could be grown all year round (outdoors or in greenhouses), with a long shelf-life after harvest and able to withstand the handling and manipulation associated with their transport and sale. To achieve the latter two objectives, tomatoes are harvested when «ripe green». When the fruits in this state are exposed to ethylene gas, they develop colour and flavour. If left on the vine, they ripen naturally and develop more flavour. However, they are unsuitable for intensive cultivation as ripe tomatoes have lost their firmness and can be damaged during marketing, also harvesting is more labour intensive. Thus, picking unripe tomatoes is good for producers, but poses a problem for consumers: «ripe green» tomatoes are indistinguishable from green ones, when the green fruits are exposed to ethylene gas they develop only colour, but no flavour. Therefore, by eating tomatoes grown intensively you may find some that do not taste of anything at all.
Uniform fruit size was another characteristic that producers sought after. A «perfect» tomato is spherical in some countries, a little flattened in others but, almost always, without cracks on the top, without dimples at the bottom and a uniform red in colour. This feature was introduced shortly after World War II, when uniformly ripening varieties were developed in which –when the fruits are green– they are a uniform green, and so when ripened, they are a uniform red in colour. Recently, as a result of research determining the tomato genome, we have found that this feature is associated with a gene called GLK2. Last year, Mètode interviewed the Valencian researcher Toni Granell, who participated in the research group involved in achieving both these feats. They found the gene encodes a protein involved in the production and distribution of chloroplasts during fruit development. Chloroplasts are organelles in which a reaction between carbon dioxide and water occurs, facilitated by sunlight, to produce sugars. Besides, it is also where many of the chemical compounds responsible for aroma occur when the fruit ripens. Uniform maturing varieties possess a gene variant that makes the protein it expresses inactive. Indeed, when tomatoes without this variant are green, they have patchy dark green areas and, when ripe, they have more flavour, and also have green patches on the top.
There is another reason why tomatoes may be a bit tasteless: when exposed to low temperatures below 10 °C, they quickly and irreversibly lose aroma. It does not matter whether they are exposed to cold after harvesting or before eating. And this affects all tomatoes, so even the fruit of traditional varieties, picked at the optimum moment will soon cease to be delicious if we keep them in the fridge.
A few days after Pep made his salad, a wild boar came down to the vegetable plots. Those in the know spoke of two females with their piglets. One of the areas through which they passed was Pep’s plot but luckily it seems they were looking for tubers and roots and messed up some furrows but did not touch the tomatoes. And so I’ve spent the summer between veggie plots and heat waves, village fiestas and savouring the first figs during my late August strolls…
In his book Diccionario del amante de la cocina (The Cuisine Lover Dictionary), Alain Ducasse testifies to his love of tomatoes, obviously homegrown during the summer months. He does not hesitate call this a Mediterranean fruit, but later clarifies it originated in America. According to Ducasse, sundried tomatoes are wonderful as they «acquire a fabulous spicy flavour, undetectable when raw». On the line below, he goes on to explain how ovendried tomatoes or, as he calls them, tomato confit can be used in a host of dishes. Here I would like to propose one of these recipes, in which you can use tomato confit to embellish a salad with mozzarella and basil, or a in a pastry pie with arugula salad and parmesan flakes. Ingredients 2kg tomatoes, 3 cloves of garlic, thyme, virgin olive oil, salt. Preparation Peel the tomatoes and cut them in half, lengthwise. Place them on a tray, on silver foil brushed with olive oil. Sprinkle coarse salt, thyme and chopped garlic on top, and some olive oil. Put them in the oven at 80-90 oC, and leave for four hours, turning them over every two hours so they cook properly. Once done, they can be stored in a jar covered with olive oil.
Ducasse, A., 2004. Diccionario del amante de la cocina. Paidós Ibérica. Barcelona.
Estabrook, B., 2011. Tomatoland: How Modern Industrial Agriculture Destroyed Our Most Alluring Fruit. Andrews McMeel Publishing LLC. Riverside.
Powell, A. L. T. et al., 2012. «Uniform Ripening Encodes a Golden 2-like Transcription Factor Regulating Tomato Fruit Chloroplast Development». Science, 6089(336): 1711-1715.
The Tomate Genome Consortium, 2012. «The Tomato Genome Sequence Provides Insights into Fleshy Fruit Evolution». Nature, 485: 635-641.
Tieman, D. et al., 2012. «The Chemical Interactions Underlying Tomato Flavor Preferences». Current Biology, 22: 1035-1039.
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Bromelain is an important enzyme that has a wide range of applications. Derived from pineapples, it has been recognized for its various beneficial properties. In the pharmaceutical industry, it can be used for its anti - inflammatory and proteolytic activities. For example, it may help in reducing swelling and promoting the breakdown of proteins in certain medical conditions. In the food industry, bromelain is used as a meat tenderizer. It breaks down the tough connective tissues in meat, making it more tender and easier to chew. Additionally, in the cosmetic industry, it is sometimes incorporated into products for its exfoliating properties on the skin.
Bulk manufacturers play a crucial role in the supply of bromelain. State - of - the - art technology is often a key investment for these manufacturers. To produce high - quality bromelain, they need to have precise control over various factors during the manufacturing process. For instance, temperature is a vital factor. The reaction that extracts bromelain from pineapples is highly temperature - sensitive. If the temperature is too high, it may denature the enzyme, reducing its activity. Similarly, pH also needs to be carefully maintained. Different steps in the production process may require different pH levels to optimize the extraction and purification of bromelain. Reaction time is another important aspect. Too short a reaction time may result in incomplete extraction, while too long a reaction time may lead to the degradation of the enzyme.
Manufacturers are responsible for ensuring the high purity and activity of the bromelain they produce. High purity is essential, especially in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries where contaminants can have adverse effects. To achieve this, they use a series of purification steps. These may include filtration, chromatography, and crystallization techniques. Activity testing is also a crucial part of the quality control process. This involves using specific assays to measure the enzyme's ability to break down proteins. Only bromelain that meets the required activity and purity standards is allowed to be sold in the market.
Many bulk manufacturers also invest in research and development. They are constantly looking for ways to improve their production processes. This could involve finding more efficient extraction methods that can increase the yield of bromelain from pineapples. For example, some manufacturers are exploring the use of biotechnology - based methods such as genetic engineering to enhance the production of bromelain in pineapples. Additionally, research is being done to discover new applications for bromelain. This can open up new markets for the manufacturers and contribute to the growth of the bromelain industry as a whole.
Exporters of bromelain need to be well - versed in international trade policies. These policies can vary significantly from country to country. For example, some countries may have strict regulations regarding the import of enzymes due to concerns about food safety or environmental protection. Exporters must ensure that they comply with all the relevant regulations of the destination countries. They need to be aware of import tariffs, which can affect the cost - competitiveness of their products. In some cases, they may need to obtain special licenses or certifications to export bromelain.
Building strong relationships with overseas customers is another important function of exporters. They need to understand the specific needs of their customers. For instance, some customers in the food industry may require bromelain with a specific activity level for their meat - tenderizing products. Exporters should be able to provide customized solutions to meet these diverse requirements. Moreover, providing excellent after - sales service is crucial. This can include technical support, such as helping customers with the proper handling and storage of bromelain. Good communication with customers is also essential. Exporters should keep their customers informed about new product developments, price changes, and any potential supply disruptions.
Exporters are also involved in market expansion. They need to identify new markets for bromelain. This may involve conducting market research to understand the demand for bromelain in different regions. For example, emerging economies may present new opportunities for the sale of bromelain due to the growth of their food and pharmaceutical industries. Exporters can also participate in international trade fairs and exhibitions to promote their products and build brand awareness in new markets.
Environmental sustainability is becoming an increasingly important consideration for both manufacturers and exporters of bromelain. In the production process, there can be significant waste generation. For example, the extraction of bromelain from pineapples leaves behind pineapple waste such as peels and cores. Manufacturers are exploring ways to reduce this waste. One approach is to find alternative uses for the pineapple waste. For instance, it can be used to produce bio - fuels or as a raw material for other products. Some manufacturers are also looking into more efficient extraction methods that can minimize the amount of waste generated during the production of bromelain.
Reducing energy consumption is another aspect of environmental sustainability. The production of bromelain typically involves several energy - intensive steps, such as heating and cooling during the extraction and purification processes. Manufacturers are exploring ways to optimize these processes to reduce energy use. This could involve using more energy - efficient equipment or improving the insulation of production facilities to reduce heat loss. By reducing energy consumption, manufacturers can not only contribute to environmental protection but also achieve cost - savings in the long run.
Some manufacturers and exporters are also seeking green certifications. These certifications can enhance their reputation in the international market. For example, obtaining an ISO 14001 certification, which focuses on environmental management systems, can demonstrate a company's commitment to environmental sustainability. This can be an important factor for customers who are increasingly conscious of environmental issues when choosing their suppliers.
One of the major challenges faced by bromelain manufacturers and exporters is quality control and standardization. As the demand for bromelain grows in different industries, there is a need for consistent quality. However, different regions may have different standards for what constitutes high - quality bromelain. For example, the pharmaceutical industry may have more stringent quality requirements compared to the food industry. Manufacturers need to ensure that they can meet these diverse standards while still maintaining cost - effectiveness. This requires continuous investment in quality control equipment and personnel training.
Price fluctuations in the raw materials, in this case, pineapples, can pose a significant challenge. The price of pineapples can be affected by various factors such as weather conditions, crop yields, and market demand. For example, a poor harvest due to adverse weather can lead to an increase in the price of pineapples, which in turn can increase the cost of production for bromelain. Exporters also face challenges in pricing their products in the international market. They need to be competitive while also covering their costs and making a profit.
The bromelain market is becoming increasingly competitive. There are a growing number of manufacturers and exporters around the world. To stay competitive, companies need to differentiate themselves. This could be through offering higher quality products, better customer service, or more competitive prices. They also need to keep up with the latest technological advancements in production and marketing to gain an edge over their competitors.
Despite the challenges, the future looks promising for bromelain bulk manufacturers and exporters. The growing awareness of the health benefits of bromelain in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries is likely to drive an increase in demand. For example, more research is being conducted on its potential use in treating chronic inflammatory diseases, which could lead to a significant expansion of the market. In the food industry, the trend towards processed and convenience foods is also expected to boost the demand for bromelain as a meat tenderizer.
Continued technological advancements are expected to improve the production and marketing of bromelain. New extraction and purification techniques may be developed, which could increase the yield and quality of bromelain. For example, advancements in biotechnology may lead to the development of genetically modified pineapples that produce higher levels of bromelain. In marketing, digital technologies can be used to reach a wider range of customers more effectively. For instance, online platforms can be used to promote bromelain products to international customers.
The increasing focus on environmental sustainability is likely to shape the future of bromelain manufacturers and exporters. Companies that are able to adopt more sustainable production practices are likely to have a competitive advantage. For example, those that can reduce waste and energy consumption while maintaining high - quality production are more likely to be preferred by environmentally - conscious customers. Moreover, sustainable development can also lead to cost - savings in the long run, which can contribute to the financial stability and growth of the companies.
Manufacturers need to precisely control factors such as temperature, pH, and reaction time during the production process to ensure the bromelain is of high purity and activity.
Exporters need to be well - versed in international trade policies because they deal with overseas customers. Understanding these policies helps them to smoothly conduct business operations such as shipping, customs clearance, and meeting regulatory requirements in different countries.
They build strong relationships by providing not only high - quality bromelain products but also excellent after - sales service. This includes promptly answering customer inquiries, handling complaints effectively, and providing technical support if needed.
Manufacturers are exploring ways to reduce waste and energy consumption in the production of bromelain. For example, they may optimize production processes to use less raw materials, energy - efficient equipment, and proper waste management systems.
By reducing waste, less raw material is wasted, which directly cuts costs. Energy - efficient measures also lead to lower energy bills in the long run. Overall, these environmental sustainability efforts can contribute to cost - effectiveness.
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English is a language made up almost entirely of other languages. Between the fifth and seventh centuries, tribes from lands that would become Germany, Denmark, and the Netherlands showed up in Britain. The languages they spoke developed into Middle English, butted heads with Old Norman (pre-French), and, in Shakespeare’s time, got a dose of Latin and Ancient Greek. Along the way, individual words from a host of other languages were added to the mix.
Nowadays, we use all sorts of words we don’t even realize come from other languages. And with the amount of communication, travel, and migration across great distances happening today, the evolution continues.
Here are ten loanwords—words “borrowed” from other languages and incorporated into English, often with a slightly tweaked meaning—to illustrate the huge amount of non-English in the English language.
Originating in the Dravidian languages of southern India (that’s Tamil, Malayalam, Kannada, and Telugu), aiyo is one of the newest English additions. It was adopted by the Oxford English Dictionary in October 2016 and defined, simply, as a phrase “expressing distress, regret, or grief; ‘Oh no!’, ‘Oh dear!’.” But according to commentators from southern India and Sri Lanka, where the phrase originates, “Oh dear!” doesn’t come close to capturing the range of meanings it can convey. Many extreme emotions can be expressed with these sounds, from disgust to fear to joy. So many meanings in one exclamation—aiyo!
In Arabic, al-kohl (الكحل) originally meant a fine powder of certain chemicals, and Latin adopted the word alcohol in the thirteenth century. Since fine powders were thought of as being “distilled” from other things (based on how people thought about alchemy and medicine in the Middle Ages), the meaning merged with other things that had been distilled. The word showed up in English in the sixteenth century, and by the mid-eighteenth century the “spirit of wine” was in full swing.
Let’s face it: “chock-lit” is easier to pronounce than cacahuaquchtl. That sweetest of sweets came to English by way of Spanish, but started out as an Aztec beverage made of cocoa powder (try saying cacahuaquchtl five times fast) and other spices—not the sugary treat we’re used to today. That’s one theory; others postulate that it comes from Aztec words for “bitter water,” or Nahuatl for “beaten drink,” or that cacahuaquchtl was changed by Spanish conquistadors to combine the Maya word chocol (hot) and Aztec atl (water). Why? Because caca can mean another thick, brown thing in Spanish, and no one wants to be mixing up chocolate with feces.
The thing that makes the world go round goes way back (understandably). Middle English adopted moneie from the Old French word monoie, meaning “coinage, metal currency.” Even farther back, there’s the Latin word monēta, meaning “place for coining money” or “coin,” which comes from the goddess Juno Moneta, who was worshipped in a temple in or near a mint. There’s proof for folks who think money is divine.
In English (and especially Hollywood), a ninja kicks butt in all black and a mask. But in the original Japanese, a ninja was a spy—not a sneaky martial-arts maniac like we’re used to seeing, but one who was supposed to blend in. Today, “ninja” retains its warriorlike connotation, but it’s also used in a range of situations to imply stealth, cunning, and skill. Just ask a kitchen ninja, tech ninja, or gaming ninja if you don’t believe it.
Most penguins waddle their tuxedo-clad selves around the Southern Hemisphere, but the word “penguin” is believed to come from the Welsh pen gwyn, meaning “white head.” Sure, penguins don’t have white heads, but the name was originally used for the now-extinct great auk, which also didn’t have a white head, but did have white spots around the eyes. When sailors rounded the tip of South America around 1580, they spotted a “foule, which the Welsh men name Pengwin”—that is, a bird that resembled the great auk. It’s still known by the name the Welsh sailors bestowed upon it nearly five hundred years ago.
A long time ago, in a galaxy over in Central Europe, robots emerged as the brainchild of a Czech sci-fi writer in the 1920s. Long before C-3PO and R2-D2 roamed the galaxy, Karel Čapek’s play R.U.R.—short for “Rossum’s Universal Robots”—introduced the idea of artificial people created to work for “real” humans. And (spoiler alert) they end up rebelling against humanity. Since robota in Czech means “labor, drudgery,” it’s hard to blame them. And that idea clearly sticks in the imagination, since robots are about as common as warp drives and lightsabers.
In American English, “schmuck” is an insult; it basically means “fool” or “idiot,” but with a slightly harsher and more Yiddish ring to it. However, it derives from the Yiddish word shmok, which means “penis,” so some Jewish communities consider the word extremely vulgar. In another twist, shmok is believed to come from Old Polish smok, meaning “grass snake, dragon.” Maybe that’s where J.R.R. Tolkien got the name for Smaug, who is definitely a smok in terms of fire-breathing deadliness, but not exactly a schmuck—though Bilbo Baggins might not agree.
This originally German word, complete with umlauts (über), traveled a windy road before it arrived at its present-day English meaning. Its literal German meaning: “over.” Figuratively, it implies that something or someone is bigger or better (like the Übermensch, a kind of philosophical Superman). It first got used in English to mean “very, super.” For example, “I’m über excited” or “that party was über cool.” Today, of course, many city-dwellers know it as a way to get a ride with a few taps of a finger.
This one’s origin is a little uncertain—but chances are you’re not going to be pondering etymology if one of them is trying to eat your brains. The word probably comes from a West African language: zumbi means “fetish” in Kikongo, and nzambi is a word for “god” in Kimbundu, but the idea arose—not from the dead, but for the first time—in Haiti during centuries of slavery. The idea was that slaves who committed suicide to save their bodies from the cruelty of their masters would be condemned to wander for eternity, undead. The brain-eating part came later.
English has borrowed plenty from other languages, but it’s a two-way street: words like le weekend in French, párking in Spanish, and intānetto (Internet) in Japanese are becoming increasingly common around the world. Whether you see language evolution as uber cool or something to cry aiyo! about, understanding how linguistic borrowing takes place can make you a real language ninja.
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As he prepared to light a candle in memory of the world’s victims of genocide, Mayor Cory Booker looked out at the audience of high school students and Holocaust survivors at his city’s Cathedral Basilica of the Sacred Heart.
Then he opened Newark’s annual Yom Hashoa service April 12 with a call for “renewing and strengthening our city’s commitment to never forgetting the lessons of the past and striving to make those lessons a reality in the future.”
During six years of bitter history, from 1939 to 1935, “Adolf Hitler waged two wars,” said Booker. “One was against Allied forces on two continents; the other was against the Roma, the Slavs, the mentally ill, Jehovah’s Witnesses, and, most poignantly and tragically, against the Jews,” said Booker.
Speaking directly to the several hundred teenagers in the sanctuary of the city’s largest Catholic church, Philip Kirschner, chair of the New Jersey Commission on Holocaust Education, urged the young people “to stand up to bigotry and discrimination and oppression.”
“Unfortunately, the current generation has seen too many examples in its own short lifetime,” said Kirschner, citing genocides in Rwanda, Darfur, Sudan, as well as “the scourge of terrorism and the hatred spilling out from Iran. Education is still the key to making sure this world goes on in a free and caring way,” he said.
“History repeats itself,” observed keynote speaker Emery Jacoby, a Holocaust survivor from Romania. “All you have to do is read about these horrible stories about Kosovo, Rwanda, Nigeria, and the Congo. Innocent people are slaughtered.” Also addressing the youngsters present, he said, “It is your generation’s responsibility to rebuke racism, anti-Semitism, and hatred.”
In emotional tones, Jacoby spoke of being captured by the Nazis in 1944 and forced on a death march, where “we were beaten mercilessly.”
Jacoby said he realized that “to survive this madness was virtually impossible.” So he escaped and hid for several months until he was captured and shipped to Dachau and his parents and sisters were marched off to Auschwitz.
“Conditions were intolerable. Nobody knew what to expect. The older ones were collapsing from hunger. They were on a long journey to nothingness.”
Although his parents were executed, his sisters stayed alive for the liberation of Auschwitz by Russian troops.
Today Jacoby lives in Manhattan, where he had a career as an architect.
But “when Mr. Jacoby was a teenager like you,” Rabbi Clifford Kulwin of Temple B’nai Abraham in Livingston pointed out to his young audience, “he wanted to be thinking about what you are thinking about — girlfriends, boyfriends, ballgames, getting good grades, and staying out of your parents’ hair. Fate didn’t work out that way.”
“The world can be a cruel place,” said the rabbi. “The world can be a hard place in which bad things happen. But the world can be a wonderful, loving, and warm place in which each of us can feel comfortable. That will happen only if each of us does our part.”
We should “speak up when we see wrongs,” Kulwin said, and not “keep silent when we see evil, and, most if all, we should care about one another.”
The ceremony was sponsored by the City of Newark, the cathedral, the Holocaust Council of MetroWest, and Temple B’nai Abraham.
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Earth faces a plethora of complex and interconnected problems: pollution, global warming, overpopulation, depletion of natural resources, climate change, deforestation, ocean acidification, and many more. Even if we could stop all problems at once, this planet has some wounds that will be difficult to heal. In the end, we may have to go somewhere else.
Having played with several scenarios, I chose to design a city for a world more than 100 years ahead of ours. During this time, as predictions suggest, global warming is impacting our planet so much that we no longer have ice polar caps and many coastal cities have been drowned by the rise of the sea level. At the same time, temperature has risen more than 13º average, making human life impossible in many regions of our planet where before there used to be cities and life was abundant. Many animal species have disappeared due to climate change and the globe is loosing its last significant amounts of trees: forest and jungles are being reduced either by climate change, wars or by the mass production of human goods.
Economically, capitalism is starting to become an exhaust financial system: both because there are no more natural resources in our planet to deplete and because society is radically divided between those who are rich and can afford luxury items and those who live in factual poverty. There are no more materials to mass produce new products and society can not afford them anyways. The most accurate analysts (AI independent softwares) predict that capitalism will be over in the next decade and experts have not found an alternative in which they agree upon. Raids and riots are continuous in the most important cities of the world and some governments have fallen because of citizens’ revolutions. Countries are not as relevant as they were before, and cities have taken their place. The country is now what feeds the cities, which are increasingly becoming bigger both in size and in power.
Politically, there have been many wars in the last century, mainly between the biggest cities in the world (New York and Moscow against Pyongyang and China, London and Glasgow against Paris and Berlin, Barcelona against Madrid, and the small, constant wars between the Unified American Cities and California and New York). Some of these cities used nuclear weapons in specific locations of the planet, worsening the climate change and causing mass destruction all over. While many countries are still democracies, some of them are ruled by dictatorships or even by private companies and banks, who were able to buy them as a result of their bankruptcy: Africa is a huge desert, no humans live there besides small industrial towns and small cities ruled by banks and tech companies.
Technology has taken over humans’ lives and things that before seemed impossible are now a reality. A global improved internet system makes it possible to be connected everywhere in the globe, from the largest city to the emptiest of the deserts. This has recently enabled what is now called the Global Brain, which is a new way of government that allows citizens from the Free World to choose their laws and apply them into society instantly. With the hope of starting from scratch and the collaboration from the astronauts that are already in the Mars Research Station (MARS) some of the biggest cities from the Free World decided to start a new civilization on the Red Planet…
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It is likely that the population of any class will have a multitude of individual learning needs, cultural differences, varied emotional landscapes and levels of psychological resilience – all of which you need to consider, while also teaching a lesson.
However, we also know that 10% of all children have a mental health problem, based on data from the Mental Health Foundation. Some of these students will be able to access mainstream education with good attendance throughout their most difficult times while others may have very sporadic attendance due to complex and dynamic issues in their home lives.
At the most extreme end of the continuum, you may be expected to teach young people who either have or are currently experiencing a great deal of chaos in their home lives. They may be experiencing symptoms of complex trauma that have arisen from abuse, neglect and traumatic historical experiences. Some students will currently be in a state of turmoil or chaos as they experience changes in caregiver or multiple placement moves. Some students may be well cared for in their home lives and may currently have a sense of stability or permanence but the legacy of earlier traumatic experiences may be overwhelming and ever present in daily interactions.
It is important for us to learn from the field of neuroscience that students cannot easily retain knowledge or access their creativity if they are in a state of emotional dysregulation. Students who have experienced complex trauma or are currently experiencing difficulties in their home setting may well be in a heightened state of emotional arousal, tense, under stress, anxious, irritable, fearful, etc. It may be difficult for them to calm and soothe themselves enough to be able to concentrate on their learning.
At such times, a variety of acting out behaviours may emerge, depending on how they typically cope under pressure. In the classroom you may see tricky to manage behaviours such as poor concentration or listening skills, distracted or distracting behaviours, irritability, low self-esteem, interrupting, fidgeting, quiet or withdrawn presentation. The primary task for teaching staff then becomes about helping the student to manage their feelings (and associated behaviours) of emotional dysregulation, in order that they may then be able to focus on their learning.
It is also paramount that teaching staff report, with clarity and strength, any observed concerns to the appropriate designated colleague in the school (line manager or designated safeguarding lead) in order that specialist intervention can be sourced or recommended.
As young people are facing unprecedented pressures in their lives, it is vital that teachers have an awareness of mental health issues and tools for developing and aiding emotional resilience in students. You can find further information here: www.mentalhealth.org.uk.
My resource Handling complex trauma in the classroom includes suggestions for how to communicate with affected students and manage lesson openings and endings sensitively.
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Picture a future where the line between man and machine blurs, as robots, powered by advanced artificial brains, become an integral part of our daily lives, revolutionizing industries and redefining what we once thought possible. It’s not science fiction anymore; we’re on the cusp of a technological revolution that will reshape our world in ways we can barely imagine.
Robot brains, the beating heart of artificial intelligence in robotics, are no longer confined to the realm of sci-fi novels or blockbuster movies. They’re here, they’re real, and they’re evolving at a breakneck pace. But what exactly are these mysterious robot brains, and why should we care?
In essence, a robot brain is the central processing unit of a robotic system, responsible for controlling its actions, processing information, and making decisions. It’s the artificial equivalent of our own gray matter, but with the potential to surpass human capabilities in many areas. These digital minds have come a long way since their humble beginnings, and their journey is far from over.
The history of AI in robotics is a tale of perseverance, innovation, and occasional setbacks. From the early days of simple rule-based systems to today’s sophisticated neural networks, we’ve witnessed a remarkable evolution. Remember SHAKEY, the first mobile robot with AI capabilities? That clunky contraption from the 1960s paved the way for the sleek, intelligent machines we’re developing today.
But why all the fuss about robot brains? Well, they’re not just cool gadgets for tech enthusiasts. These artificial intellects are becoming increasingly important in our modern world, driving advancements in fields ranging from healthcare to space exploration. They’re the key to unlocking new possibilities, solving complex problems, and pushing the boundaries of what machines can do.
The Building Blocks of Artificial Minds
Now, let’s dive into the nitty-gritty of what makes a robot brain tick. It’s not just a single component but a complex system of interconnected parts working in harmony. At its core, you’ll find processors and microcontrollers, the workhorses that crunch numbers and execute commands at lightning speed. These silicon chips are like the neurons in our brains, firing off signals and processing information.
But a brain isn’t much use without sensory input, right? That’s where sensors and data collection systems come into play. These are the robot’s eyes, ears, and fingertips, gathering information about the world around it. From simple light sensors to sophisticated LIDAR systems, these components allow robots to perceive and interact with their environment.
Of course, all that data needs to go somewhere. Enter memory and storage units, the robot’s equivalent of our own memory banks. These components allow the machine to store information, learn from past experiences, and access crucial data when needed. It’s like having a super-powered hard drive directly connected to your brain!
Last but certainly not least, we have the AI algorithms and neural networks that give robot brains their “intelligence.” These complex mathematical models allow machines to learn, adapt, and make decisions based on the data they receive. It’s like teaching a child to recognize patterns and solve problems, except this child can process information at speeds we can barely comprehend.
The Many Flavors of Artificial Intelligence
When it comes to robot brains, one size definitely doesn’t fit all. There’s a whole smorgasbord of AI systems out there, each with its own strengths and weaknesses. Let’s take a tour through this fascinating landscape of artificial minds.
First up, we have rule-based systems. These are the old-school granddaddies of AI, operating on a set of predefined rules and logic. Think of them as the robotic equivalent of “if this, then that” statements. They’re great for straightforward tasks but can struggle with complex, nuanced situations.
Next, we’ve got machine learning models. These clever systems can learn from data and improve their performance over time, without being explicitly programmed. It’s like having a robot that can learn from its mistakes and get better with practice. Pretty neat, huh?
But wait, there’s more! Deep learning networks take things to a whole new level. Inspired by the structure of the human brain, these systems use layers of artificial neurons to process information and make decisions. They’re particularly good at tasks like image recognition and natural language processing. In fact, the EVA Brain: Revolutionizing AI with Enhanced Visual Awareness is a prime example of how deep learning is pushing the boundaries of visual perception in AI.
Last but not least, we have hybrid AI systems. These clever contraptions combine different AI approaches to create more versatile and powerful robot brains. It’s like having the best of all worlds, with the ability to tackle a wide range of tasks and adapt to different situations.
From Thinking to Doing: How Robot Brains Function
Now that we’ve got the ingredients, let’s see how these artificial brains actually work their magic. At the heart of it all is the decision-making process. Robot brains use complex algorithms to weigh options, consider outcomes, and choose the best course of action. It’s like having a super-fast, super-logical decision-maker that never gets tired or emotional.
One of the most impressive abilities of robot brains is pattern recognition and object identification. These systems can analyze vast amounts of visual data and identify objects, faces, or even emotions with incredible accuracy. It’s like having a eagle-eyed assistant that never misses a detail.
But what good is a brain if it can’t communicate? That’s where natural language processing comes in. This fascinating field allows robots to understand and generate human language, opening up new possibilities for human-robot interaction. Imagine having a conversation with a robot that understands not just your words, but the context and nuances behind them!
Last but not least, we have motor control and movement coordination. This is what allows robots to move smoothly and precisely, whether they’re assembling delicate electronics or performing complex surgical procedures. It’s like having the steady hand of a master craftsman combined with the precision of a machine.
Robots Among Us: Real-World Applications
So, where are these brainy bots making their mark? The answer is: just about everywhere! Let’s take a whirlwind tour of some of the most exciting applications of robot brains in the real world.
In the realm of industrial automation and manufacturing, robot brains are revolutionizing the way we make things. From assembly lines to quality control, these intelligent machines are boosting efficiency, reducing errors, and taking on tasks that are too dangerous or tedious for humans. It’s like having a tireless workforce that never needs a coffee break!
Healthcare is another field where robot brains are making waves. From surgical robots that can perform delicate procedures with unparalleled precision to AI-powered diagnostic tools that can spot diseases earlier than ever before, these technologies are saving lives and improving patient outcomes. The Billion Dollar Brain: Unraveling the Power of AI in Modern Business is just one example of how AI is transforming various industries, including healthcare.
Autonomous vehicles and drones are perhaps some of the most visible applications of robot brains. These self-driving marvels use a combination of sensors, AI algorithms, and decision-making systems to navigate complex environments safely and efficiently. It’s like having a chauffeur that never gets distracted or tired!
And let’s not forget about personal assistance and home automation. From smart speakers that can control your home’s lighting and temperature to robot vacuums that keep your floors spotless, these AI-powered helpers are making our lives easier and more convenient. It’s like living in the future, but right now!
The Road Ahead: Challenges and Future Developments
As exciting as the world of robot brains is, it’s not all smooth sailing. There are plenty of challenges and hurdles to overcome as we continue to push the boundaries of AI and robotics.
One of the biggest concerns is ethics and AI safety. As robots become more autonomous and integrated into our lives, we need to ensure they make decisions that align with human values and ethics. It’s a bit like teaching a child right from wrong, but with potentially world-changing consequences.
Another key challenge is improving adaptability and learning capabilities. While current AI systems can learn and adapt to some degree, they still struggle with generalizing knowledge across different domains. Imagine if you had to relearn everything from scratch every time you encountered a slightly different situation – that’s the challenge facing many AI systems today.
Enhancing human-robot interaction is another crucial area of development. As robots become more prevalent in our daily lives, we need to find ways to make interactions with them more natural and intuitive. The Brain Puppets: Exploring the Fascinating World of Mind-Controlled Robotics concept is an intriguing step in this direction, exploring ways to control robots using our thoughts.
Finally, there’s the exciting prospect of integrating robot brains with emerging technologies like quantum computing. This could lead to AI systems with unprecedented processing power and problem-solving abilities. It’s like supercharging an already powerful engine – the possibilities are mind-boggling!
The Future is Now: Embracing the Robot Revolution
As we wrap up our journey through the fascinating world of robot brains, it’s clear that we’re standing on the brink of a technological revolution. These artificial minds are not just changing the way we work and live; they’re reshaping our very understanding of intelligence and cognition.
From the factory floor to the operating room, from our roads to our homes, robot brains are becoming an increasingly integral part of our world. They’re tackling problems we once thought unsolvable, performing tasks with superhuman precision, and opening up new frontiers of possibility.
But perhaps the most exciting aspect of this revolution is that we’re only at the beginning. As AI continues to evolve and improve, who knows what incredible breakthroughs and innovations lie ahead? The Positronic Brain: The Future of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics might just be the next big leap in this exciting journey.
So, as we look to the future, let’s embrace the potential of robot brains with open minds and cautious optimism. These artificial intellects have the power to solve some of our greatest challenges, enhance our capabilities, and push the boundaries of what’s possible. The future is here, and it’s got a silicon brain!
1. Russell, S. J., & Norvig, P. (2020). Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (4th ed.). Pearson.
2. Murphy, R. R. (2019). Introduction to AI Robotics (2nd ed.). MIT Press.
3. Goodfellow, I., Bengio, Y., & Courville, A. (2016). Deep Learning. MIT Press.
4. Siegwart, R., Nourbakhsh, I. R., & Scaramuzza, D. (2011). Introduction to Autonomous Mobile Robots (2nd ed.). MIT Press.
5. Kuffner, J. J. (2019). Cloud Robotics: Challenges and Opportunities. IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine, 26(3), 89-97.
6. Gunning, D., & Aha, D. W. (2019). DARPA’s Explainable Artificial Intelligence Program. AI Magazine, 40(2), 44-58.
7. Deng, J., Dong, W., Socher, R., Li, L. J., Li, K., & Fei-Fei, L. (2009). ImageNet: A large-scale hierarchical image database. 2009 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 248-255.
8. Silver, D., Hubert, T., Schrittwieser, J., Antonoglou, I., Lai, M., Guez, A., … & Hassabis, D. (2018). A general reinforcement learning algorithm that masters chess, shogi, and Go through self-play. Science, 362(6419), 1140-1144.
9. Levine, S., Pastor, P., Krizhevsky, A., & Quillen, D. (2018). Learning hand-eye coordination for robotic grasping with deep learning and large-scale data collection. The International Journal of Robotics Research, 37(4-5), 421-436.
10. Arkin, R. C. (2018). Governing Lethal Behavior in Autonomous Robots. Chapman and Hall/CRC.
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[Image: Flying over Los Angeles; Instagram by BLDGBLOG].
For those of us living near freeways—and scrapyards and waste-processing centers and oil refineries, to name but a few delights of my own particular neighborhood—rest well knowing that all that pollution is going to your brain.
The discovery of nano-scale “microspheres” in the brain tissue of urban residents—based on people tested in Manchester, UK, and Mexico City—was “dreadfully shocking,” a researcher told the BBC. “[T]he particles found in the study were not only far more numerous but also smooth and rounded—characteristics that can only be created in the high temperatures of a vehicle engine or braking systems.”
This is not really news, of course. Recall the report published last year in Mother Jones about the connection between “air pollution and dementia,” with a particular focus on “fine and ultrafine particles—specks of waste at least 36 times finer than a grain of sand, often riddled with toxic combinations of sulfate, nitrate and ammonium ions, hydrocarbons, and heavy metals.”
Though we have long known that these tiny particles cause and exacerbate respiratory problems—like asthma and infections and cancers of the lungs—they are also suspected to contribute to a diverse range of disorders, from heart disease to obesity. And now cutting-edge research suggests that these particles play a role in some of humanity’s most terrifying and mysterious illnesses: degenerative brain diseases.
“While coarse pollution particles seldom make it past our upper lungs,” we read, “fine and ultrafine particles can travel from our nostrils along neural pathways directly into our brains. Once there, they can wreak a special havoc that appears to kick off or accelerate the downward spiral of degenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s.”
Of course, this only adds to the long list of already-known threats presented by air pollution, “including asthma, heart disease and autism.”
The New York Times, for example, ran a terrifying article two winters ago about air pollution in Delhi, pointing out that some international ambassadors have been warned not to raise their children there for fear of the long-term cognitive effects caused by exposure to airborne nanoparticles. One memorable detail: “One article about Mr. Obama’s visit focused on how, by one scientist’s account, he might have lost six hours from his expected life span after spending three days in Delhi.”
Now imagine years—and years and years—spent living in the spray of brake pad dust and diesel fumes and catalytic convertors in the shadow of freeways and power plants, as your brain, and your kid’s brain, absorbs seemingly limitless tiny bits of metal, the way an air filter in your car might fill up with pollen and dust.
Imagine the interior of your head becoming cobwebbed with metal. Now imagine these idiots.
Recall, as well, that Republication presidential candidate Donald Trump wants to eliminate the Environmental Protection Agency, meaning that there would, in effect, be no regulation at all for this sort of thing. Embrace your dementia now, I suppose, while you’re still cognizant enough to do so.
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James Edward West, born May 16, 1876, never knew his father. His mother died when Jimmy was six. He spent most of his youth in a Washington, D.C. orphanage, except for two years starting at age eight when he was in a hospital being treated for tuberculosis, which left one leg crippled, often strapped on his back.
A place of strict rules and no cultural opportunities, the orphanage offered few opportunities. Jimmy used his strong personality to convince the orphanage to allow him and the other children to get an education at a nearby public school and to establish a library. To encourage the children in their studies, he paid them a penny from his own earnings for each book they read. As a teenager, hoping to earn enough money to continue his education, he won a job at a bicycle repair shop by showing the owner he could ride a bike even with only one good leg, after a day of self instruction that left him black and blue. He worked his way through college and law school.
While working for the federal government as an attorney, he became a leading advocate for children. When a teenager stole his car, he defended the boy in court. He convinced the U.S. Congress to establish a children’s court, as well as President Theodore Roosevelt to call a White House conference on child care, which led to the creation of the Department of Labor’s Children’s Bureau. In 1910, with the endorsement of Roosevelt, the BSA invited him to become executive secretary, for a term of six months. He began on January 1, 1911.
For the next 32 years, through February 1, 1943, Jim West ran the BSA, becoming its first Chief Scout Executive. West made big plans, carefully outlined to his staff what was to be done, and used his forceful personality to press forward. Competing youth service organizations formed and called themselves “Boy Scouts” with varying goals and programs – including protecting American highways – and one by one West enticed them to be absorbed into the BSA movement or forced them out of business. To establish the BSA as the sole “Scout” organization in the country, he pushed congress for a national charter. The congressional charter came in 1916. Dr. West helped the new organization survive the Great Depression, and saved Boys’ Life with a grant from the Laura Spelman Rockefeller Memorial. When President Roosevelt cited the 1935 polio epidemic as the reason for the cancellation of the first National Jamboree, he held it two years later. He made the position of Chief Scout Executive into one of the leading non-profit leadership posts in America. He demanded hard work and loyalty of his staff, and built a strong national organization.
West is credited with helping to save the Order of the Arrow at the 1922 Scout Executive Meeting, became a member of the OA in 1938 and was one of the eleven inaugural Distinguished Service Award (DSA) recipients in 1940.
West married Marion Speaks in 1907. They had five children, James (died in childhood), Arthur, Marion, Helen and Bob. Both Arthur and Bob became Eagle Scouts. Dr. West died on May 15, 1948.
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Orthopaedics – the origin of this word comes from Greek: orthos, which means "right" and paidion "child", thus the field of medicine aiming to correct the growth defects in a child’s skeletal system. This field can be broken down into two main categories : conservative treatments and surgery. Conservative treatment includes casts, orthoses, splints or for example bandages.
Surgery also finds it origins in Greek: Cheir, which means hand and ergon, which means work or job, so cheirurges means to work manually.
Currently orthopaedics is subdivided into many sub-specialization aside from the basic orthopaedics which corrects defects in children’s growth. Orthopaedics also treats degenerative diseases, for example by hip or knee prostheses and adult deformities like bowed legs or hammer toes etc.
Another vast field is traumatology and sport medicine which often follows very different rules for children compared to an injured adult.
Pediatric orthopaedics treat:
Consequences of birth complications.
Growth problems of the skeletal system.
Inflammatory diseases and rheumatism.
Treatment of infections and thankfully much more rarely tumors.
Fractures and other injuries of the extremities and of the spine.
Often the parents have doubts concerning the normality of the development of their child or the anatomy of the skeletal system like the foot or back (flat feet, scoliosis etc.). A pediatric orthopaedic surgeon can answer these questions if there is a problem or a real pathology or nothing to worry about the child's development.
It is important to note that if a treatment becomes necessary, recent developments of less invasive techniques which are better tolerated by children and their families have made great progress in both conservative and surgical treatment.
The pediatric orthopaedic surgeon is at your disposition to find the right diagnosis, to inform the child and his family of the pathology, the treatment and the prognosis. If necessary the child will be treated with the indicated conservative or surgical treatment.
In case in any questions or problems, the pediatric orthopaedic surgeon can give you informations and support. For additional information you can examine the internet sites proposed here.
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Until the advent of chemical antibiotics, Nature provided all the ingredients to insure survival and health for the inhabitants of the planet. Here in North America our own Native Americans survived severely harsh conditions with an intricate knowledge of healthful foods. The Plains Indians ate as they nomadically traveled and the Apache alone had over 200 items in their yearly diet. Much of what they "found" along their path was both nutritional and medicinal.
An example of one of their naturally occurring health boosters are the Rose Hips found on wild bushes from Texas to North Dakota. Rose hips have long been a valuable source of Vitamin C, which easily boosts the immune system. The hips are the berries formed on the rose following flowering and contain as much ascorbic acid as an orange. In fact the portion of the orange containing the most health benefits is the bitter white inside the rind that most people discard. During WWII the federal government recommended that citizens add rose hips to their stews as a vegetable and recommended brewing it as a tea for the health benefits.
Another valuable immune boosting plant is the Echinacea. Results of archaeological digs indicate that Native Americans have used this marvelous plant for over 400 years. It was used to treat everything including infections, wounds, scarlet fever, blood poisoning, and diphtheria. Considered a valuable cure-all for hundreds of years, its popularity declined with the advent of antibiotics. Today Echinacea is used to reduce the symptoms and duration of the common cold or flu, as well as the ensuing symptoms which accompany them... sore throat, cough and fever.
For several years now the medical community has issued alarms that antibiotics no longer work; our systems are saturated with them. It is not necessary to actually take an antibiotic to ingest substantial amounts of them either. They arrive in our bodies from consuming milk and meat from cattle that are overly medicated, eggs from chickens that receive a daily dose, and so forth.
I consider this medical warning a strong indication that we best seek natural cures that have been around for eons. Nature contains an arsenal of plants and herbs growing right outside our doors in fields and gardens everywhere. This medicine was put here for us to use and insured the health of our ancestors for hundreds of years... plan to grow some this summer.
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Anyone who has seen The Matrix will never forget the scene involving the character played by Keanu Reeves when he has been presented with two pills.
“This is your last chance. After this, there is no turning back. You take the blue pill – the story ends, you wake up in your bed and believe whatever you want to believe. You take the red pill – you stay in Wonderland and I show you how deep the rabbit-hole goes.”
What would you do if you were presented with two options by your Dentist: Option 1 involves allowing your wisdom teeth to grow where they may or option 2 is to receive an injection that could prevent your wisdom teeth from developing and therefore, completely eliminate the risk of developing painful wisdom tooth infections, decay, or the need for surgery to extract them.
Which would you choose?
In a recent issue of The Journal of the American Dental Association (JADA, April 2013 144(4):389-395), researchers from Tufts University School of Dental Medicine have discovered a statistically relevant association between the injection of local anesthetic given to young children and evidence of missing lower wisdom teeth.
The interesting point here is that routine dental injections typically used for dental fillings may have an effect on the wisdom teeth and may interrupt their development.
Wisdom teeth do not begin to develop, unlike all other teeth, until after birth, typically between the ages of two and six years. They continue to develop in the four back corners of the mouth until they erupt through the gums between the ages of 18-25 years. While a small percentage of the population do not develop wisdom teeth at all, most however emerge at odd angles (“impacted”).
Since these teeth are so far back in the mouth, maintaining them in a healthy state is often very difficult for the patient and the dental team. Consequently, wisdom teeth are at a higher risk of developing decay, gum disease, infection and cysts. For this reason, many dentists recommend surgery to remove wisdom teeth to prevent disease or infection.
A developing tooth, known as a bud, is vulnerable to injury because it has not hardened into tooth structure (“calcified”) and is covered by soft tissue. It is therefore susceptible to physical trauma, such as the tip of a dental needle when treating cavities, or possibly to changes in the chemistry of its environment caused by the local anesthetic (i.e. the anesthetic, vasoconstrictor or other ingredients such as preservatives).
In the Tufts study, 439 sites were observed and were divided into two groups. The first group included children who did not have local injection near the wisdom tooth area, and the second group did have local anesthetic injections into the bone adjacent to where a wisdom tooth would potentially grow. In the first group, approximately 2% did not have any evidence of wisdom tooth formation which is similar to the average for the general population. Whereas the children who were injected for dental care were four times more likely to be missing a wisdom tooth later in life.
The research team continues to look in the variables that may contribute to this finding and will hopefully better understand how wisdom teeth can be stopped from developing.
There is hope that a procedure preventing wisdom tooth growth can be developed, saving patients from the pain of wisdom tooth infection and surgery to remove them.
Our dentists provide a full range of treatment including dental implants, root canal therapy, wisdom tooth surgery, sedation, Invisalign orthodontics, and cosmetic treatments. most importantly, our preventive dental care program aims to reduce the risk of you and your family requiring more invasive and costly treatment.
Our office is located in the heart of Thornhill in Vaughan. Call today to schedule your appointment.
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In this article we will discuss about the “Constitutional Provisions of education in India” with their Critical Reflections. You can download this as a PDF after reading this article.
After reading this article you will be able to answer the question “What are the constitutional provisions made for education in India and reflect critical on them”.
Table of Contents
- 1 Constitutional Provisions and their Critical Reflections:
- 1.1 Article 21 A – Right to Education | Free and Compulsory Education
- 1.2 Article 350 A – Language Safeguards | Instruction in Mother Tongue at Primary Stage:
- 1.3 Article 46 – Education for Weaker Sections
- 1.4 Article 29 – Protection of Interests of Minorities:
- 1.5 Article 30 – Right of Minorities to Establish and Administer Educational Institutions:
- 1.6 Article 16 – Equality of Opportunity in Public Employment:
- 1.7 Article 28 – Secular Education
- 1.8 Article 15 – Prohibition of Discrimination:
- 1.9 Share with your friends :
Constitutional Provisions and their Critical Reflections:
Article 21 A – Right to Education | Free and Compulsory Education
Provision: This amendment guarantees the fundamental right to free and compulsory education for children aged 6 to 14. The primary intent behind this provision is to ensure universal access to education, eliminating barriers that might hinder a child’s ability to receive an education. It reflects a commitment to fostering a more inclusive and equitable society by providing every child with the opportunity to acquire basic education without financial constraints.
Critical Reflection: Despite commendable intent, challenges in implementing free and compulsory education include inadequate infrastructure, classroom shortages, and a lack of basic facilities. A shortage of qualified teachers further hampers the quality of education provided. Addressing these challenges is crucial for ensuring both access to education and the delivery of quality learning experiences. A comprehensive evaluation is needed to gauge the actual impact and effectiveness of free and compulsory education, bridging the gap between constitutional ideals and practical outcomes in the lives of children.
Article 350 A – Language Safeguards | Instruction in Mother Tongue at Primary Stage:
Provision: The constitutional provisions safeguarding language diversity are embedded in Article 350A. This provision underscores the importance of linguistic diversity by advocating for instruction in the mother tongue at the primary stage of education for children belonging to linguistic minorities. Recognizing the significance of language in preserving cultural identity and facilitating effective learning, this constitutional amendment aims to promote an inclusive educational environment where linguistic diversity is respected and nurtured.
Critical Reflection: Promoting instruction in the mother tongue for linguistic diversity is commendable, but the challenge lies in Ensuring qualified teachers in diverse linguistic contexts, developing materials, enriching the overall educational experience and achieving a balance between language preservation and broader educational goals.
Article 46 – Education for Weaker Sections
Provision: The constitutional provision addressing the educational interests of weaker sections is embodied in Article 46. This article underscores the state’s responsibility to promote the educational and economic interests of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and other socially and educationally backward classes. The intent is to bridge historical gaps, uplift marginalized communities, and foster social inclusivity by ensuring access to education and economic opportunities for these sections of society. Article 46 reflects a commitment to social justice and recognizes the transformative power of education in addressing historical inequalities.
Critical Reflection: Affirmative action policies, including reservations, have been instrumental, but their effectiveness needs continuous evaluation. Striking a delicate balance between providing targeted support to historically marginalized groups and maintaining merit-based selection processes requires careful consideration. Additionally, addressing socio-economic disparities beyond reservations is crucial for creating a more equitable educational landscape.
Article 29 – Protection of Interests of Minorities:
Provision: Article 29 of the Indian Constitution provides for the protection of the interests of minorities. It specifically ensures that minorities have the right to conserve their language, script, or culture and the right to establish and administer educational institutions of their choice. This provision is a crucial element in recognizing and preserving the cultural and educational autonomy of minority communities.
Critical Reflection: While Article 29 is designed to protect minority interests, its effective implementation requires continuous attention. Balancing the autonomy of minority institutions with the broader national education framework is challenging. Thoughtful policy-making and ongoing dialogue are essential to navigate these complexities. The critical reflection on Article 29 involves addressing these challenges to ensure that the rights of minorities are upheld while contributing to the broader goals of a unified national education system.
Article 30 – Right of Minorities to Establish and Administer Educational Institutions:
Provision: Article 30 of the Indian Constitution grants minorities the right to establish and administer educational institutions of their choice. This provision recognizes and safeguards the autonomy of minority communities in matters of education, allowing them to maintain and propagate their language, culture, and religion through educational institutions.
Critical Reflection: The challenge lies in maintaining a harmonious educational landscape while ensuring that minority institutions contribute to the overall goals of education without compromising on national integration.
Article 16 – Equality of Opportunity in Public Employment:
Provision: Ensures equality of opportunity in matters of public employment.
Critical Reflection: The effectiveness of this provision in promoting equal opportunities in education leading to employment remains contingent on addressing deep-rooted socio-economic inequalities.
Article 28 – Secular Education
Provision: The constitutional commitment to secular education is implicit in the broader framework of the Indian Constitution, particularly in its Preamble and various provisions such as Article 28. The Preamble emphasizes the values of justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity, which collectively underpin the secular ethos of the nation. Article 28 specifically ensures that no religious instruction is provided in educational institutions wholly maintained by the state or receiving state aid, thus emphasizing the secular character of public education. This constitutional provision aims to foster an educational environment that is inclusive, unbiased, and respects the diverse religious and cultural fabric of the country.
Critical Reflection: While the constitutional commitment to secular education is fundamental, challenges arise in practical implementation. Ensuring a truly secular system involves addressing content biases, fostering cultural sensitivity, and preventing religious tensions within educational institutions. Striking a balance between respecting religious diversity and preventing the propagation of any particular ideology requires ongoing efforts. Periodic reviews of materials and proactive measures are crucial to maintaining a harmonious and inclusive educational landscape in a diverse society.
Article 15 – Prohibition of Discrimination:
Provision: The constitutional provision prohibiting discrimination is enshrined in Article 15. It safeguards individuals from discrimination based on religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth. This provision upholds the principle of equal opportunity in educational institutions, fostering a fair and inclusive environment.
Critical Reflection: Despite constitutional safeguards, social and economic disparities continue to impact access to quality education. Addressing these disparities requires a multi-faceted approach beyond legal provisions. A critical reflection involves addressing these challenges, ensuring effective enforcement, and fostering an environment that upholds the spirit of equal opportunity in every educational institution. Continuous efforts are essential to bridge the gap between constitutional ideals and the everyday reality of educational experiences.
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Imagine a landscape so parched, that it’s as if the earth itself is gasping for a drop of water. Welcome to the desert, where the sun’s relentless rays beat down mercilessly, and the wind whispers tales of thirst through the shifting sands. Yet amidst this barren expanse, a hardy survivor stands tall, its prickly exterior belying the life-sustaining secret hidden within.
The cactus, nature’s ultimate desert dweller, has perfected the art of storing water, becoming a true oasis in a land of scarcity.
The Cactus: A Living Sponge
Picture a cactus, its fleshy stem reaching toward the sky like a green sentinel. This unassuming plant is a veritable sponge, its tissues designed to absorb and hold onto every precious drop of moisture that comes its way. The secret lies in the cactus’s unique anatomy, a masterpiece of evolution crafted to withstand the harshest conditions.
The stem of a cactus is like a living water tower, its thick, waxy skin acting as a barrier against the relentless desert sun. This protective layer, known as the epidermis, is covered in a waxy cuticle that reflects sunlight and reduces water loss through evaporation. It’s as if the cactus has donned a suit of armor, ready to face the challenges of its arid home.
The Accordion Effect: Expanding and Contracting
But the cactus’s water-storing prowess doesn’t stop at its skin. Beneath the surface, a network of specialized cells called parenchyma tissue acts like an accordion, expanding and contracting as the plant takes in and releases water. When rain falls or dew settles on the cactus, these cells swell up like tiny water balloons, storing the precious liquid for times of need.
It’s a fascinating sight to behold – a cactus after a rare desert downpour, its once-shriveled stem now plump and swollen with life-giving water. This remarkable ability to absorb and retain moisture is what allows cacti to thrive in environments where other plants would quickly wither and die.
The Root of the Matter
Of course, storing water is only half the battle. To truly survive in the desert, a cactus must also be able to access moisture from the depths of the earth. Enter the cactus’s extensive root system, a subterranean network that spreads far and wide in search of every last drop of water.
Unlike the deep taproots of many other plants, cactus roots are shallow and widespread, often extending laterally up to twice the width of the plant itself. This allows them to quickly absorb any moisture that falls on the desert floor, whether it’s from a rare rainstorm or the morning dew.
But the cactus’s root system is more than just a moisture-seeking missile. It’s also a marvel of efficiency, with specialized root hairs that increase the surface area for water absorption. These tiny, hair-like structures are like miniature straws, sucking up water and nutrients from the soil with incredible speed and precision.
The Xerophyte’s Secret Weapon
In the world of botany, cacti are known as xerophytes – plants that have adapted to survive in dry environments. And one of their most remarkable adaptations is the ability to store water not just in their stems, but also in their leaves.
Yes, you read that right – cactus leaves. While most cacti don’t have true leaves like other plants, they do have modified structures called spines or needles. These prickly protrusions are highly modified leaves that have evolved to minimize water loss and protect the plant from hungry herbivores.
But spines serve another purpose as well. They act as tiny condensers, collecting moisture from the air and funneling it down to the stem and roots. It’s like having a built-in drip irrigation system, providing the cactus with a steady supply of water even in the driest conditions.
The Night Shift: Crassulacean Acid Metabolism
When the sun dips below the horizon and the desert air cools, the cactus springs into action. Unlike most plants, which photosynthesize during the day, cacti have evolved a unique process called Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM) that allows them to conserve water by opening their stomata (tiny pores on the stem) at night.
During the cool night hours, when evaporation rates are lower, the cactus takes in carbon dioxide through its open stomata. This CO2 is then stored as malic acid until the sun rises, at which point the cactus closes its stomata to prevent water loss and begins the process of photosynthesis using the stored carbon dioxide.
It’s a brilliant adaptation that allows the cactus to minimize water loss while still carrying out the essential process of photosynthesis. And it’s just one more example of how these incredible plants have evolved to thrive in some of the harshest environments on Earth.
The Barrel Cactus: A Living Canteen
Perhaps no cactus embodies the water-storing prowess of these desert survivors quite like the barrel cactus. With its plump, cylindrical stem and accordion-like ridges, the barrel cactus is a veritable water tank, capable of holding up to 200 gallons (757 liters) of water in its fleshy tissues.
Native to the deserts of North and South America, the barrel cactus is a true survivalist, able to withstand extreme temperatures and long periods of drought. Its thick, waxy skin and shallow root system allow it to quickly absorb and store any moisture that comes its way, whether it’s from a rare desert rainstorm or the morning dew.
But the barrel cactus’s water-storing abilities go beyond just survival. In times of extreme drought, this living canteen can provide a life-saving source of hydration for desert animals and even humans. By carefully cutting open the top of the cactus and scooping out the moist, fleshy pulp, one can access a small but precious supply of water – a true oasis in the desert.
The Saguaro: A Towering Testament to Survival
No discussion of cactus water storage would be complete without mentioning the iconic saguaro cactus. Standing tall and proud, with its arms reaching towards the sky like a giant green candelabra, the saguaro is a true symbol of the American Southwest.
But the saguaro is more than just a pretty face. This towering cactus is a master of water storage, capable of holding up to 200 gallons (757 liters) of water in its massive stem. That’s enough water to fill a bathtub!
The saguaro’s secret lies in its accordion-like ribs, which expand and contract like the bellows of an accordion as the cactus takes in and releases water. During a rainstorm, the saguaro can absorb up to 200 gallons (757 liters) of water in just a single day, its ribs expanding like a giant sponge.
But the saguaro’s water-storing abilities don’t stop there. This cactus is also a master of efficiency, with a shallow root system that spreads out like a net to catch every last drop of moisture. And like other cacti, the saguaro has evolved a waxy coating on its stem to prevent water loss through evaporation.
The Future of Cactus-Inspired Technology
As we face the challenges of climate change and increasing water scarcity, the humble cactus may hold the key to a more sustainable future. Scientists and engineers are already looking to these desert survivors for inspiration, developing new technologies that mimic the cactus’s remarkable water-storing abilities.
From biomimetic materials that can absorb and retain moisture like a cactus stem to drought-resistant crops that use CAM photosynthesis to conserve water, the possibilities are endless. By studying and emulating the cactus’s adaptations, we may be able to create a world where water is used more efficiently and effectively, ensuring a brighter, more sustainable future for all.
The Cactus: A Symbol of Resilience
In the end, the cactus stands as a testament to the incredible resilience of life in the face of adversity. With its prickly exterior and secret water-storing abilities, this desert survivor has captured our imaginations and earned our respect.
So the next time you find yourself in the desert, take a moment to appreciate the humble cactus. Marvel at its ability to thrive in the harshest of conditions, and remember that even in the driest of times, there is always hope for life to find a way.
For the cactus, the secret to survival is simple: store water, conserve energy, and never give up. And perhaps, in a world that often feels as barren as the desert itself, we could all stand to learn a thing or two from this prickly survivor.
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Across the vast tapestry of professions that make up our modern world, there exists a multitude of career paths that offer unique opportunities, challenges, and rewards. Each role plays a crucial part in the fabric of society, contributing to the well-being, advancement, and functioning of our communities. While some professions like doctors and lawyers often dominate the spotlight, the variety of career options extends far beyond, into specialized fields that impact our lives in ways we may not immediately recognize.
In this article, we explore ten distinct career paths, examining what they entail, the demand for these roles, and the specialized skills required. From the scientific precision of a chemist conducting tests to the compassionate guidance of a social worker, each profession is integral to the development and support of societal frameworks. We’ll delve into both familiar roles and those that might be lesser-known, all of which are essential in maintaining the equilibrium and advancement of our communities.
In our exploration, we will uncover the responsibilities of a Cryo Bank Specialist, the precision required by medical professionals, and the critical assistance provided by lawyers specializing in various fields. Additionally, we’ll explore the skills of swim instructors and lifeguards who promote safety in aquatic environments, and the technical prowess of mechanics at transmission remanufacturing companies. By understanding these roles, one gains insight into how each profession not only offers jobs but also fulfills vital societal needs. As we traverse through these ten careers, we aim to highlight how each contributes to the mosaic of jobs available to those seeking meaningful and impactful work.
Chemists play a pivotal role in scientific advancements and environmental protection by conducting rigorous analyses and tests. A notable area of focus is the bioaccumulation test, which assesses the accumulation of chemicals in living organisms, providing crucial information about environmental contaminant exposure. The results of such tests are used to inform regulations and policies, contributing significantly to the protection of our ecosystems and public health.
Within the realm of chemistry, there exists a diverse array of specializations, offering numerous job opportunities across industries such as pharmaceuticals, environmental science, and manufacturing. These roles require a strong foundation in scientific methodologies, analytical thinking, and problem-solving skills. Opportunities for jobs in these areas are growing as companies continually seek innovations that contribute to sustainability and scientific progression.
Chemistry is a field that not only provides scientists with jobs but also gives them a platform to address some of the most pressing issues of our time, such as climate change and public health challenges. The demand for qualified chemists continues to rise as industries expand their efforts to develop safer chemicals and greener processes. This quest for improvement drives the need for experts capable of conducting and interpreting bioaccumulation tests and other critical evaluations.
2. Cryo Bank Specialist
Cryo Bank Specialists work within the niche yet increasingly essential field of fertility banks, playing a crucial role in reproductive healthcare. These professionals manage the storage and preservation of reproductive cells, such as sperm and eggs, which are vital for individuals and couples pursuing fertility treatments. The growing dependence on fertility banks underscores the importance of this career, offering a wealth of job opportunities in this specialized area of healthcare.
Working as a Cryo Bank Specialist requires meticulous attention to detail and adherence to strict protocols to ensure the cryogenic preservation process is accurately executed. These specialists are responsible for maintaining the viability of genetic materials, necessitating strong technical skills and comprehensive knowledge of biological sciences. Given the delicate nature of the work, individuals pursuing these jobs often have backgrounds in biology, biotechnology, or medical sciences.
As more people turn to fertility treatments and preservation, the demand for Cryo Bank Specialists continues to rise. This growth in demand translates to an expansion of available jobs within the field, presenting career opportunities for those interested in contributing to advancements in reproductive health. Fertility banks rely on these skilled specialists to manage critical processes that enable countless individuals to realize their dreams of parenthood.
Within the medical profession, doctors are revered for their dedication to patient care, diagnostic acumen, and surgical expertise. Vaser Liposuction, a minimally invasive technique designed for body contouring, exemplifies the precision required in modern medical practices. Physicians specializing in this procedure must possess excellent technical skills and an in-depth understanding of human anatomy, ensuring safe and effective outcomes for their patients.
The healthcare sector is continuously expanding, and as it does, the demand for skilled doctors offering a range of medical and surgical services increases. This atmospheric growth has led to the creation of numerous jobs across various medical specialties. Doctors trained in Vaser Liposuction, and related fields have a vital role in helping patients achieve their desired physical appearance, directly impacting their self-confidence and quality of life.
The pursuit of a medical career requires extensive education and training, but the reward is a fulfilling profession deeply rooted in improving others’ lives. The evolving landscape of medical technology and treatments like Vaser Liposuction continues to create jobs, ensuring that doctors remain at the forefront of innovations aimed at enhancing patient wellness and healthcare outcomes. As such, a career in medicine is not only about patient care, but also about being part of a dynamic and forward-thinking field.
4. Abuse Lawyer
Abuse Lawyers provide crucial support and advocacy for individuals seeking justice against institutions and entities responsible for misconduct, particularly concerning cases related to church abuse law firms. These legal professionals navigate complex legal frameworks, ensuring that survivors are granted the opportunity to voice their experiences and secure appropriate reparations. The sensitive nature of such cases demands lawyers who are not only adept in legal processes but also capable of offering empathetic support to their clients.
The field of abuse law presents unique challenges and opportunities. Advocating for survivors requires a deep understanding of legal protocols, exceptional negotiation skills, and the ability to handle emotionally charged situations with sensitivity. Job openings for abuse lawyers are increasingly available as society becomes more aware of the importance of holding perpetrators accountable, and the demand for skilled representation in these cases continues to grow.
As awareness around institutional abuses rises, church abuse law firms and individual abuse lawyers are becoming integral to maintaining justice and transparency. The role of an abuse lawyer not only provides jobs but also serves as a crucial pillar in the fight against systemic exploitation, empowering survivors to seek justice. Their work plays a pivotal role in creating safer environments, as they push for accountability and reformation within institutions.
5. Felony Lawyer
Felony Lawyers, or criminal defense attorneys, are vital components of the justice system, providing legal representation for individuals accused of serious crimes. These lawyers are responsible for defending their clients’ legal rights, presenting evidence, and ensuring a fair trial process. The complexity and severity of felony cases require an acute understanding of criminal law and strong advocacy skills.
The responsibilities of a felony lawyer extend beyond the courtroom, encompassing thorough case investigation, strategy development, and legal documentation preparation. Career prospects in this field are substantial, with jobs available in both public defense and private practice. As the legal system becomes increasingly intricate, the demand for knowledgeable criminal defense attorneys persists, driving the need for capable professionals who can navigate the intersection of law and human rights.
Pursuing a career as a felony lawyer not only offers a challenging and dynamic work environment but also provides the opportunity to make significant impacts on clients’ lives. The role of a criminal defense attorney is crucial in upholding the principles of justice and fairness, ensuring that all individuals receive fair legal representation. This vital function underscores the importance and consistency of jobs in this area of law, spotlighting the ever-present need for skilled legal practitioners.
6. Swim Instructor
Swim Instructors are key figures in fostering aquatic safety and physical fitness, offering swimming lessons to individuals across all age groups. These instructors play an essential role in promoting water safety, teaching proper swimming techniques, and cultivating a love for aquatic activities. Their job involves not only the physical teaching aspects but also fostering an environment where learners feel safe and confident in their abilities.
The demand for skilled swim instructors continues to grow as more people recognize the importance of swimming proficiency for safety and recreation. Opportunities for jobs in this field are abundant, with positions available in community centers, schools, and private facilities. Instructors must demonstrate strong communication skills, patience, and a comprehensive understanding of safety protocols to effectively teach and motivate their students.
For many, swim instruction is a fulfilling career that enables them to share their passion for water sports while contributing to public safety and fitness. The importance of swimming not only as a sport but as a critical life skill underscores the relevance of this profession. By conducting swimming lessons, instructors play a pivotal role in equipping individuals with the expertise needed to safely enjoy water activities, contributing positively to community well-being.
7. Social Worker
Social Workers often find themselves at the forefront of advocacy and support, providing essential family services that address the diverse needs of individuals and communities. Their role involves assessing social and emotional challenges, offering counseling, and connecting clients with resources and support systems. The career path of a social worker is both impactful and varied, offering numerous jobs within public agencies, schools, and healthcare facilities.
Social workers require a deep understanding of social policies, interpersonal dynamics, and empathy to effectively fulfill their roles. The demand for these professionals continues to rise as communities face growing social and economic challenges that necessitate comprehensive support and intervention. Jobs within the field of social work are essential to fostering community resilience and empowering individuals to overcome obstacles and achieve their goals.
Pursuing a career in social work is a commitment to making a meaningful difference in people’s lives. Those in this field have the opportunity to address fundamental societal issues, contributing to the betterment of individuals and families through comprehensive family services. The contribution of social workers is crucial, as they help shape supportive environments where individuals can thrive socially, emotionally, and economically.
Movers perform the essential function of facilitating transitions, assisting individuals and businesses in relocating their belongings safely and efficiently. As local movers, they are responsible for packing, transporting, and unpacking goods, ensuring that clients experience as little stress as possible during moves. This job requires physical stamina, logistical acumen, and the ability to problem-solve effectively during transport.
The moving industry offers ample job opportunities, particularly in urban and rapidly growing areas where the demand for relocation services is high. Movers engage with clients from diverse backgrounds, requiring excellent customer service and communication skills to facilitate positive moving experiences. Their role is crucial in helping clients find swift and organized transitions between homes or office spaces.
While often considered a labor-intensive job, the role of a mover provides individuals with the chance to engage directly with the community and provide an indispensable service. Local movers are integral to a city’s ecosystem, playing a critical role in facilitating the flow of residents and businesses. This contribution underscores the continuing need for dedicated professionals within the moving industry, ensuring the efficient and secure relocation of individuals and their possessions.
Mechanics hold an essential position within the automotive industry, providing crucial maintenance and repairs to ensure vehicle safety and functionality. Specializing in areas such as transmission remanufacturing, these professionals possess in-depth technical skills and knowledge of car mechanics. A transmission remanufacturing company relies heavily on skilled mechanics to rebuild and refurbish vehicle components, ensuring optimal performance and longevity.
The mechanic field offers diverse job opportunities across various sectors, including auto repair shops, dealerships, and specialized automotive service providers. As automotive technology advances, the need for knowledgeable mechanics with expertise in modern vehicle systems, including transmissions, continues to grow. This demand ensures a consistent presence of jobs, allowing mechanics to apply their skills in diverse environments.
Pursuing a career as a mechanic provides individuals with the opportunity to work hands-on with vehicles, offering a sense of satisfaction and accomplishment in resolving technical challenges. Transmission remanufacturing companies play a critical role in sustaining vehicle functionality, making mechanics indispensable within the industry. By maintaining and repairing crucial systems, mechanics contribute to overall safety and efficiency in transportation, underscoring the continuous need for their expertise.
Lifeguards are responsible for ensuring the safety of individuals in aquatic environments, providing rescue and first aid when necessary. Specializing in adult swim lessons, lifeguards offer instruction and guidance to help adults gain confidence and proficiency in the water. Their role is vital in preventing water-related accidents and promoting a culture of safety around swimming facilities.
As experts in water safety, lifeguards are frequently employed at pools, beaches, water parks, and recreational centers. The demand for skilled lifeguards remains consistent, creating abundant job opportunities for individuals with the necessary certifications and training. Their responsibilities go beyond monitoring swimmers, extending to the education of the public on safe swimming practices during adult swim lessons and other aquatic programs.
A career as a lifeguard can be both rewarding and challenging, offering the chance to make a direct impact on public safety. Lifeguards provide a vital service, protecting the well-being of swimmers and fostering environments where individuals can enjoy water activities with peace of mind. This commitment to safety underpins the essential nature of jobs in lifeguarding, ensuring the continued promotion of aquatic safety and education within the community.
In exploring the diverse range of career paths available across various industries, this article has highlighted ten unique professions, each contributing distinctively to the fabric of society. From chemists conducting vital bioaccumulation tests to social workers providing crucial family services, each role fulfills essential functions within their respective fields. These professions not only present a multitude of job opportunities but also underscore the critical value they provide in supporting societal well-being, innovation, and safety.
As we have seen, professions such as Cryo Bank Specialists and abuse lawyers play integral roles in specialized fields, while doctors and mechanics ensure the health and functionality of living beings and vehicles, respectively. The future of work continues to evolve, driven by technological advancements and emerging societal needs, reinforcing the importance of these roles and the continued demand for skilled professionals. It’s essential to recognize that each profession is interconnected and valuable, with dedicated individuals possessing the expertise to tackle diverse challenges.
Ultimately, whether teaching adult swim lessons, providing transmission remanufacturing services, or advocating within church abuse law firms, each career path offers an opportunity to make a meaningful impact. As individuals, these jobs engage our skills, passions, and aspirations, while collectively contributing to the growth and resilience of communities. By understanding and appreciating the wide array of career opportunities available, we empower ourselves to make informed choices that align with our personal and professional goals.
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